No abstract available.
Anthropology, Physical* ; Optic Nerve

No abstract available.
Anthropology, Physical* ; Optic Nerve

By finding the documents of Korean physical anthropology in one place easily, everyone can use them fruitfully. We developed internet site to search them, which published from early 20th century to present days. We also analyzed documents of physical anthropology and databased the tables which is considered to be kernel of results. The advantage of this internet site is followings. We classified the documents of physical anthropology by body regions and we also classified them in detail to reach them easily. The documents are also divided into materials and its methods to search conveniently. Everyone can search a data by classification and also by using a keyword they can find document or data. There are 3 steps to search. First step is searching the title of document and author, second step is searching the name of table including the first step and the last step is searching items in table. If they don't know the contents they can search data by index. We added some pictures and explanations to restore the document or table, which are difficult and hard to understand the point. By these additions, we could understand them briefly. We could quote from past data and also we could easily compare previous data with ours by using this search engine.
Anthropology ; Anthropology, Physical* ; Body Regions ; Classification ; Internet* ; Search Engine*

The role of forensic anthropology is to reconstruct the process of individual death by predicting the cause and manner of death as well as to find out biological profiles of unknown skeletal remains based on the data of physical anthropology. The purpose of this study is to suggest the data of decision-making process for cranial fractures and its related weapons of skeletal remains from the forensic fields. A hammer (31.7%) and baseball bat (16.7%) represented almost half of the blunt type of weapon used in the cranial fracture. The linear fracture was caused by most of weapons, the spider's web and depressed fracture by the hammer, and the comminuted fracture by the heavy tools such as maul, wrench, etc as well as the hammer. By the chi-square test, there were significant differences between fracture patterns and types of weapon that it was helpful to estimate the weapon of cranial fracture for forensic anthropological decisions. Conclusively, we could prepare the priority order of estimating cause and manner of death in the case of cranial fracture for the forensic context and suggest research design of physical anthropology about osteological biomechanics and taphonomy relating cranial fractures.
Anthropology, Physical ; Baseball ; Biomechanics ; Forensic Anthropology ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Research Design ; Skull ; Weapons

Forensic anthropology is helpful for correct and fast identification of unknown individuals in mass disaster or from unidentified skeletal remains. It is based on the data of the physical anthropology and applied to the identification in many countries. The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the 290 forensic records by an office request at NISI during 6 years and to suggest the research model for physical anthropological data that would be helpful to be used at the forensic field. The most common excavated bone was a hard bone as skull and long bones and an unknown place was the most common excavation seat over 50% among the recording place. The probability of excavation with adjacent bone was high and the small sized bones, such as phalanges of hand and foot, were excavated rarely. The incomplete or fragmented bones were found more frequently than of complete. For this reason, we think that will show the priority order of the forensic and physical anthropologic studies in Korea and the necessity of the anatomical education for police officers and inspectors of forensic fields.
Anthropology, Physical ; Disasters ; Foot ; Forensic Anthropology ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Korea ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Police ; Skull

Skeletal remains collected from the archaeological fields must be maintained carefully, for being used in scientific studies on the physical characteristics, health status, and pathological disease of the ancient or medieval human populations. Even if Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection might be a good example for such studies, few of bone collections predated the Joseon Age (e.g. Goryeo Dynasty) have been established until now, possibly owing to poor preservation condition of archaeological sites in Korea. In this study, we performed anthropological studies on a few cases of Goryeo skeletons, which have been rarely reported by anthropologists in Korea. Judging from the preservation status of bones found in various types of Goryeo graves (e.g. earthen- or stone-chambered tombs), many cases seem to be cremated in accordance with Buddhist funeral rites. Goryeo bone collections must be constructed with the bones identified in the earthen tombs, which were preserved much perfectly than those of any other types of Goryeo tombs.
Anthropology, Physical ; Archaeology ; Funeral Rites ; Humans ; Korea ; Skeleton

The author summarized the history of the physical anthropology in Korea which had bean introduced by a few Europeans in the later 19th century and then by the Japanese in the first half of the 20th oentury. The physical anthropology had two peaks in 1935 and 1967, but thereafter the published number of theses decreased by the establishment of the new degree system in Korea.
Anthropology, Physical* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Korea*

Reconstructing the impact of infectious disease on past populations is one of the main fields in paleopathological studies. The initial phase of paleopathology was descriptive, focusing on the identification and presence of disease in the past. However, currently paleopathological studies are moving toward probing questions about the larger picture of origin and transmission of disease agents. In this study, paleopathological studies of major infectious disease (i.e., tubuerculosis, treponemal disease and leprosy) were reviewed through osteoarcheological work published in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Journal of Archaeological Science and International Journal of Paleopathology from 1981 to 2017. A basic objective of this research was to examine many types of research in paleopathology and to characterize research trend in this field. As paleopathological studies becomes more abundant, the approaches to infectious disease have been increasingly specialized and interdisciplinary from 1980. Also, methodology used in paleopathology continues to evolve through the holistic approaches of molecular analysis, radiology and histopathology. Ultimately, this study reinforces the importance for retention of large-scale skeletal collections for paleopathological study in population perspective. In the near future, Korean paleopathology can contribute in the reconstructions of the history of disease and its effect on past human populations.
Anthropology, Physical ; Communicable Diseases* ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Paleopathology ; Syphilis ; Tuberculosis

Since the non-metric traits of the human teeth are various according to the genetic or environmental factors, these dental traits are significantly used in distinguishing the different racial groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the non-metric dental traits of Koreans among the various races on the viewpoints of the physical anthropology. The materials of this study were conducted with incisors, canine, and molars collected from 168 Korean cadavers and the upper and lower dental models of 160 Koreans. We evaluated the 15 criteria of the non-metric dental traits of Korean teeth. The results were as follows. 1. Most of the Koreans' maxillary incisors were revealed to the shovel-shaped incisor, whereas, none of the mandibular incisors showed the shoveling. The double shoveling of the maxillary central incisors and the lateral incisors were observed in 31.2%, 7.6%, respectively. The presence of the shoveling of Korean maxillary incisors was the most compared to the other racial groups. 2. The peg lateralis were only seen in the maxillary lateral incisor by 10.2%. 3. It showed a relatively low rate in the presence of the distal accessory ridge of the canine and it was more commonly seen in the maxillary canine than in the manibular canine. 4. It was most common that the maxillary molar had 4 cusps (maxillary 1st molar: 96%, maxillary 2nd molar: 81.7%). On the other hand, mandibular 1st molars having 5 cusps were most common in 81.1% and mandibular 2nd molar having 4 cusps was most common in 52%. 5. The cusp-groove patterns of the maxillary molar occlusal surface were classified into 4 categories. Among these categories, "4" patterns were most in the maxillary 1st molars and "4-" patterns were most in the mandibular 2nd molars. 6. Carabelli's trait was mostly observed in the maxillary 1st molar and "high cone patterns" among the Carabelli's traits were shown in 9.9% Korean males. The presence of the Carabelli's trait was much lower than the Caucasian. 7. The cusp-groove patterns of the mandibular molar were classified into 4 categories. The presences of "Y5" pattern (45.6%) and "+5" pattern (51.6%) were equally observed in the mandibular 1st molars, while the "+" patterns ("+4" pattern : 46.3%, "+5" pattern : 40.0%) were most in the mandibular 2nd molars. From these results, the presence of "Y5" patterns in the Korean mandibular molars were lower, but it had a tendency that presence of "+5"patterns was higher than the other races. 8. The cases in which "cusp 6" was observed in the mandibular 1st molar and 2nd molar were 5.3%, 5.1%, respectively. And the presences of "cusp 7" were observed in the mandibular 1st molar and 2nd molar by 7.5%, 4.1%, respectively.
Anthropology, Physical ; Cadaver ; Continental Population Groups ; Dental Models ; Hand ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Tooth

Long bone diaphyseal cross-sectional shape as a primary measure of biomechanical loading has attracted much attention in physical anthropology. Especially, lower limb bones have been widely used to reconstruct the mobility pattern of the past population. In this research, the cross-sectional size of the femoral shaft was investigated for the human skeletal remains excavated from the Eunpyeong site, dating the period spanning from the mid-15th to the early 20th centuries. The purpose of this research is to examine and report the biomechanical characteristics of the past populations living during Joseon Dynasty period. The results showed that Eunpyeong population was grouped into the 'platymeric category (i.e., platymeric index below 84.9). Females were more platymeric (i.e., more laterally flattened) than males and the sexual dimorphism was statistically significant. In addition, the samples of Eunpyeong site showed a relatively lower pilasteric index (i.e., more round) compared to the populations reported in other studies. The results of this research provide an insight to shed light on the ecological environments, subsistence strategies, and life styles of the past populations. Yet, for more detailed interpretation, it appears necessary to take into account other types of indicators for biomechanical stresses and accumulate more archaeological evidences.
Anthropology, Physical ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Life Style ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Stress, Mechanical