2.Regular testing in discovery and disinfection of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis).
Trung uong Ve sinh Dich te Vien
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2002;12(1):54-58
Bacillus anthracis bacterium is the cause of the anthrax which existing in 2 types: growth and spore. The resistance of growth type is not high, it could be killed at 600C within 30 minutes or at 1000C within 5 minutes, or by popular disinfecting chemical substances high, it could exist in matural conditions for many years, about 20 years. Therefore, to deal with spore type, strict disinfection procedure is needed.
Anthrax
;
Bacillus anthracis
3.Anthrax bacillus anthracis bio-weapon
Journal of Practical Medicine 2002;435(11):19-20
This paper introduced the pathogen of anthrax: bacillus anthracis, which generates many exotoxin such as lethal factor, edema factor and protective antigen. they cause main symptoms of anthrax. The paper also introduced the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, screening, prevention and control and the treatment.
Anthrax
;
Bacillus anthracis
5.Molecular Investigation of an Anthrax Epidemic in Guizhou Province, China.
Shi-Jun LI ; Qing MA ; Ying LIU ; Guang-Hai YAO ; Guang-Peng TANG ; Ding-Ming WANG
Chinese Medical Journal 2018;131(11):1369-1370
Anthrax
;
epidemiology
;
genetics
;
China
;
epidemiology
;
Humans
;
Phylogeny
6.Purification of the Protective Antigen from Bacillus anthracis.
Jeung Moon PARK ; Yong Keel CHOI ; Seong Kun CHO ; Young Gyu CHAI ; Seong Joo KIM
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 1998;33(6):589-594
Anthrax toxin consists of three separate proteins, protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF). PA binds to the receptor on mammalian cells and facilitates translocation of EF or LF into its cytosol. PA is the primary component of anthrax vaccines. In this study we purified PA from culture filtrates of Bacillus anthracis. The purification involved sequential chromatography through hydroxylapatite, DEAE-Sepharose CL-4B, followed by Mono-Q. The purified PA was judged to be homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, and consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a relative molecular weight of 85,000.
Anthrax
;
Anthrax Vaccines
;
Bacillus anthracis*
;
Bacillus*
;
Chromatography
;
Cytosol
;
Durapatite
;
Edema
;
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
;
Molecular Weight
7.Analysis of cellular fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for the identification of Bacillus anthracis.
Won Yong KIM ; Tae Wook SONG ; Mi Ok SONG ; Ji Yeon NAM ; Chul Min PARK ; Ki Jung KIM ; Sang In CHUNG ; Chul Soon CHOI
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(1):31-40
Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax has been classified into the Bacillus subgroup I with B. cereus, B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis based on morphological and DNA similarity. DNA studies have further indicated that these species have very AT-rich genomes and high homology, indeed it has been proposed that these four sub-species be recognized as members of the one species. Several methods have been developed to obtain good differentiation between these species. However, none of these methods provides the means for an absolutely correct differntiation. The analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was employed as a quick, simple and reliable method for the identification of 21 B. anthracis strains and closley related strains. The most significant differences were found between B. anthracis and B. anthracis closely related strains in FAMEs profiles. All tested strains of B. anthracis had a branched fatty acid C17:1 Anteiso A, whereas the fraction of unsaturated fatty acid Iso C17:1 w10c was found in B. anthracis closely related strains. By UPGMA clustering analysis of FAMEs profiles, all of the tested strains were classified into two clusters defined at Euclidian distance value of 24.5. The tested strains of B. anthracis were clustered together including Bacillus sp. Kyungjoo 3. However, the isolates of B. anthracis closely related spp. Rho, S10A, 11R1, CAU9910, CAU9911, CAU9912 and CAU9913 were clustered with the other group. On the basis of these results, isolates of B. anthracis Bongchon, Kyungjoo 1, 2 and Bacillus sp. Kyungjoo 3 were reclassified as a B. anthracis. It is concluded that FAMEs analysis provides a sensitive and reliable method for the identification of B. anthracis from closely related taxa.
Anthrax
;
Bacillus anthracis*
;
Bacillus*
;
DNA
;
Esters*
;
Genome
;
Gyeongsangbuk-do
8.Effect of simultaneous administration of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and anthrax vaccines on antibody response to FMD in sheep
Can ÇOKÇALIŞKAN ; Pelin TUNCER GÖKTUNA ; Tunçer TÜRKOĞLU ; Ergün UZUNLU ; Ceylan GÜNDÜZALP ; Eylem Aras UZUN ; Beyhan SAREYYÜPOĞLU ; Ayça KÜRKÇÜ ; Veli GÜLYAZ
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2019;8(2):103-109
PURPOSE: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and anthrax are important diseases in sheep. Vaccination is a favorable strategy against both infections. Simultaneous administration of vaccines does generally not impede the immune responses of each other, although there are some exceptions, and it may help reduce the labor and costs of vaccination as well as distress on animals. Although oil adjuvant FMD vaccine has been tried with live anthrax vaccine in cattle, there are no reports on the simultaneous use of both vaccines in sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, FMD seronegative sheep were used to investigate the impact of the simultaneous vaccination of FMD and anthrax on FMD antibody titers of sheep. Virus neutralization test and liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the antibody response to the FMD vaccine. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that both vaccines can be used simultaneously without any interference with the FMD response. Moreover, the simultaneous administration with anthrax vaccine had a stimulating effect on the early (day 7 post-vaccination) virus neutralization antibody response to the FMD vaccine. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous use of the FMD and anthrax vaccines did not hinder the response to the FMD vaccine in sheep.
Animals
;
Anthrax Vaccines
;
Anthrax
;
Antibody Formation
;
Cattle
;
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
;
Neutralization Tests
;
Sheep
;
Vaccination
;
Vaccines
9.Development of a killed but metabolically active anthracis vaccine candidate strain.
Fei SHEN ; Shengling YUAN ; Dewen ZHAN ; Yanchun WANG ; Min REN ; Haoxia TAO ; Peng WANG ; Lingchun WANG ; Dongsheng CHEN ; Chunjie LIU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2011;27(5):781-789
Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis, which seriously affects human health. In recent years, a special phenomenon is found that the metabolic active of a bacterium remains after it is killed. To development of a KBMA (killed but metabolically active) Bacillus anthracis vaccine candidate strain, a plasmid pMAD and a recombinase system Cre-loxP were used to knockout the uvrAB gene of B. anthracis AP422 which lacks both of two plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The results of PCR and RT-PCR shows that uvrAB genes were deleted from B. anthracis AP422 chromosome successfully. The constructed B. anthracis AP422deltauvrAB was inactivated by photochemical treatment (PCT) including an exposure in a long-wave-length ultraviolet (UVA) light and a treatment of 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), then the metabolic activity were detected by the method of MTS. The results showed that the killed B. anthracis AP422deltauvrAB maintained a highly metabolic activity for at least 4 hours, showing a state of KBMA. The KBMA strain of B. anthracis AP422deltauvrAB provides the prospective vaccine candidate strain for anthrax.
Anthrax
;
immunology
;
microbiology
;
prevention & control
;
Anthrax Vaccines
;
genetics
;
immunology
;
radiation effects
;
Bacillus anthracis
;
genetics
;
immunology
;
Gene Knockout Techniques
;
Methoxsalen
;
pharmacology
;
Ultraviolet Rays
;
Vaccines, Inactivated
;
genetics
;
immunology
10.A Case of Oropharyngeal Anthrax by Eating Raw Bovine Liver.
Myoung Don OH ; Namjoong KIM ; Jinho BAE ; Younghak SHIN ; Hohoon KIM ; Euichong KIM ; Kangwon CHOE
Korean Journal of Infectious Diseases 1998;30(2):190-193
An outbreak of anthrax occurred in a village of Kyungsangbookdo province in February, 1994. The source of infection was raw meat and liver from an infected cow. Among those who ate the meat or liver, 28 developed gastrointestinal anthrax, and 3 patients died. We report a patient with anthrax tonsillitis. She ate raw bovine liver. The diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of Bacillus anthracis from a tonsillarswab. Epidemiologically anthrax in Korea occurs as an outbreak of gastrointestinal anthrax by the ingestion of beef. Gastrointestinal anthrax should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a food-borne outbreak caused by ingestion of raw bovine meat.
Anthrax*
;
Bacillus anthracis
;
Diagnosis
;
Diagnosis, Differential
;
Eating*
;
Foodborne Diseases
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Liver*
;
Meat
;
Palatine Tonsil
;
Tonsillitis