OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of five anthraquinone components in five different processed products from Rheum palamatum.

METHODThe contents of aleo-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were determined simultaneously by HPLC on plogilent TC-C18 (2) column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (85: 15). The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe obtained linearity of the five components was better over 0.999 9 and the average recoveries were 96.44%, 98.11%, 99.30%, 98.00% and 97.86%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed the remarkable variation regulations show in the five different processed products. Compared to the no-parched pieces, the contents of the five anthraquinone components have evidently increased in the braising with liquor and the charring products, and reduced in the vinegar and the liquor sauted pieces.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo identify the endophyte strain E8 with high activity from Curcuma wenyujin and study its secondary metabolites.

METHODThe strain E8 was identified by morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis. Manifold chromatographic methods were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents of fermentation broth from strain E8, and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTThe strain E8 belongs to P. oxalicum. Four compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth of this strain and elucidated as chrysophanol, emodin, secalonic acid A and beta-sitosterol.

CONCLUSIONThe endophyte P. oxalicum was isolated from medicinal plant Curcuma wenyujin for the first time. Four compounds were first isolated from endophytic fungus in C. wenyujin. Thus, microbial fermentation is a new access for these compounds production.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Curcuma ; microbiology ; Emodin ; analysis ; Fermentation ; Penicillium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Sitosterols ; analysis ; Xanthones ; analysis

A simple and selective HPLC method for simultaneous determination and quantification of anthraquinones, lignans and flavonoids in Xiao-Cheng-Qi Tang (XCQT), Hou-Po-San-Wu Tang (HPSWT) and Hou-Po-Da-Huang Tang (HPDHT) was developed and validated. An Agilent Zorbax SB-C 18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution in gradient elution mode was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min(-1) at 30 °C, and injection volume was 10 µL. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and 294 nm simultaneously for the quantitative analysis. The current HPLC assay was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, accuracy, recovery and stability. The method was applied to the content comparison of the gallic acid, cinnamic acid, sennoside A, sennoside B, rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, magnolol, honokiol, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin and nobiletin in XCQT, HPSWT and HPDHT. The good linear equations of eighteen constituents were obtained within the investigated ranges (r > 0.998). The recovery of the method was 94.28%-99.89% and the precision was less than 5%. The sample was stable within 16 h. There were some differences between the contents of anthraquinones, lignans and flavonoids in analogous formulae about XCQT. XCQT contained the greatest abundance of anthraquinones and flavonoid, HPSWT contained the greatest abundance lignans. In conclusion, the methods are simple, low-cost, precise, accurate and reliable for the determination of eighteen constituents in analogous formulae about XCQT, and these results provide methodological support for its quality control.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Lignans ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo determine the change pattern of alkaline and acid components of Dahuang and Fuzi in different combinations.

METHODThe contents of anthraquinones and aconite alkaloids were determined by HPLC in samples of Dahuang extracts, Fuzi extracts, Dahuang and Fuzi pair medicines extracts, and extracts of whole recipe.

RESULTAs for Dahuang, the contents of anthraquinones were decreased with changes of combination: higher contents were in decoctions of Dahuang alone, lower contents were in decoctions of pair medicines, and the lowest contents were in decoctions of whole recipe. As for Fuzi, monoester aconite alkaloids could be detected in water extracts, and both biester and monoester aconite alkaloids could be detected in ethanol extracts. The contents of aconite alkaloids were decreased with changes of combinations: from Fuzi alone to pair medicines, and to whole recipe. The change pattern was more apparent when extracted in water decoction.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of alkaline and acid components are changed with different extract methods and different combinations.

Acids ; analysis ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkalies ; analysis ; Alkaloids ; analysis ; Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Rheum ; chemistry

A simple, specific and selective quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method for simultaneous determination of anthraquinones and anthraquinone glycosides in Polygonum multiflorum was developed. Four main anthraquinones and its glycosides, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside were selected as analytes to evaluate the quality of P. multiflorum. Emodin was used as the internal standard, and the relative correction factors(RCFs) between emodin and the other three anthraquinones were calculated. Comparison of the contents of the four components in 30 batches of P. multiflorum from different regions and 12 batches decoction pieces from different manufacturers by QAMS and external standard method(ESM) showed that there was no significant difference between QAMS and ESM for quantification of the four main components by using relative error results, and the QAMS method was accurate and reliable, and had a good repeatability. In addition, compared with the results calculated by the difference method between total anthraquinone and free anthraquinone in the content determination of P. multiflorum in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the results of direct determination combined anthraquinone by QAMS were very close to that by measured the external standard method. Therefore, simultaneous quantification of four main anthraquinones by using QAMS is suitable to evaluate the quality of P. multiflorum. Then the optimized assay method of the combined anthraquinone contents showed simple and feasible, which could be replaced and improved the quantification method of the combined anthraquinone in the current Chinese Pharmacopeia.
Anthraquinones/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Fallopia multiflora/chemistry* ; Glucosides ; Phytochemicals/analysis*

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Usnea longissima.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by the methods of solvent extraction and chromatographic technique, and their structures were identified on the basis of the analyses of spectral data.

RESULTTwo compounds were obtained and identified as 3, 6-diacetyl-2, 7, 9-trihydroxy-8, 9b-dimethyl-1 [9bH]-dibenzofuranone(1) and 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy4, 6-dimethyl-9, l0-anthracenedione(2), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 2 were new compounds and were named as longiusnine and longissimausnone, respectively.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Benzofurans ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Usnea ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo improve the determination method of Cassiae Semen in China Pharmacopeia edition 2005. MMETHOD: Aurantio-obtusin and chrysophanol were separated on an Inertsil ODS-3 column with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solutiona as mobile phase in gradient elution.

RESULTThe linear ranges of aurantio-obtusin and chrysophanol were 2.3-230, 2.87-286 mg x L(-1), respectively. The average recover were 100.3% (RSD 3.1%), and 99.5% (RSD 2.5%) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis method is specific, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the assay of Cassiae Semen in the new edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

AIMTo study the thermodynamics of precipitation reaction and kinetics between berberine and rheinic acid. The former is the main compound in rhubarb root or corktree bark, the latter is a representation of anthraquinone compounds that are the main kind compound in coptis rhizome. The precipitate produced in preparation of complex prescription of Chinese herbal medicines Xiexin decoction and Shaoyao decoction had made an appeal. The work should build a good basement for two decoctions research and development.

METHODSCapillary electrophoresis (CE) and front analysis methods are used for determining two compounds' equilibrium concentration at different precipitate conditions to calculate the constants of thermodynamics and kinetics.

RESULTSThe molar ratio of berberine and rheinic acid in precipitate is 1:1. The solubility product constant Ksp = [B] [R] = (3.29 +/- 0.19) x 10(-9) mol2.L-2. The precipitate reaction is an endotherm process and Ksp shows less effect by temperature. The reaction occurred immediately even though the precipitate cannot be observed in time. The precipitate process in experiments is practically just an aging or grown process of the precipitate particles. High temperature can quicken the aging.

CONCLUSIONThe precipitate in Chinese herbal medicines Xiexin decoction and Shaoyao decoction should be resulted from anthraquinone compounds and alkaloids. The reproductivity of capillary electrophoresis can be improved for simple sample by combining peak height measurement.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; chemistry ; Berberine ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Drug Interactions ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Solubility

Four kinds of ionic liquids were adopted to analyze the content of rubimaillin and alizarin in Rubia cordifolia roots with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), was used. Methanol and 0.4% acetic acid-water as mobile phase with flow rate at 0.85 mL min(-1), gradient elution, detection wavelength at 250 nm, chromatographic column temperature was controlled at room temperature. The result showed that rubimaillin and alizarin had the highest extraction yield when the [ HMIM] PF6methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol x L(-1) as extraction solvent and the conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:80 (g x mL(-1)). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the content of alizarin from 0.01 to 0.04 microg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 97.12%, the content of rubimaillin from 0.41 to 1.35 microg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 98.10%. This experiment adopted environmentally friendly reagent as extraction solvent, the extraction efficiency was improved, and the environmental pollution caused by organic solvent was avoided, the harm of human body aslo was reduced. This method was simple and reliable, its repeatability was also very good, which had an important significance in the study of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredient extraction methods.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Ionic Liquids ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; analysis ; Rubia ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics

Cassiae Semen is a common traditional Chinese medicine, and contents of anthraquinones of Cassiae Semen different significantly from area to area. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), only contents of aurantio obtusin and chrysophanol were used to evaluate the quality of Cassiae Semen, another data could be added later. Ten batches of Cassiae Semen from different areas were determined, and total anthraquinones, total free anthraquinones and total combined anthraquinones contents were assessed by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, contents of aurantio obtusin, rhein, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were determined by HPLC. After that, principal components analysis was used to evaluate these data determined previous by dimension reduction analysis. At last, the result suggests that three main components were found out, it shows that content of aloe emodin could be used to evaluate the quality of Cassiae Semen as well as contents of aurantio obtusin and chrysophanol. And Cassiae Semen from Hebei province posseses higher quality than Cassiae Semen from other different areas. All these results can provide a good reference for quality evaluating of Cassiae Semen medicinal materials at a certain extent.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Principal Component Analysis