The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography to assess the anterior segment morphology of hyperopia in school-aged children. 320 eyes of 160 school-aged children, 6-12 years of age, were examined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography and were divided into four groups according to the cycloplegic spherical equivalence of refractive error. The mentioned four groups were: emmetropia group, low hyperopia group, moderate hyperopia group and high hyperopia group. The measurements of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, angle opening distance, trabecular iris space area and scleral angle were compared in pairs among objects in the four groups. The results showed that high hyperopia and moderate hyperopia had shallower anterior chamber depth and narrower anterior chamber angle compared to those in emmetropia group. The study also showed that anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a non-contact technology could become a new technology for accessing the anterior segment morphology of hyperopia in school-aged children.
Anterior Chamber ; pathology ; Child ; Eye Diseases, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

BACKGROUNDAnterior segment morphometry is crucial for ophthalmologists to understand the visual outcomes of cataract surgery, keratorefractive surgery, as well as some other anterior segment disorders. Previous reports in literature have shown that anterior chamber depth (ACD) may shift slightly after vitrectomy. This study aimed to characterize the shortterm changes in ACD in eyes after vitrectomy by means of A-scan ultrasound.

METHODSA prospective case series study was carried out on 29 eyes of 29 patients who underwent vitrectomy as the sole procedure. ACD was measured using A-scan ultrasound biometry shortly before vitrectomy and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the surgery. Postoperative ACDs were compared with baseline.

RESULTSTwenty-nine patients (16 males and 13 females) were enrolled in the study, with mean age of (50 ± 11) (25-65) years. Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients were vitrectomized for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and the other six were operated for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). The mean preoperative ACD of the VH eyes was (2.98 ± 0.38) mm. No significant difference was found between the ACD of the VH eyes and their fellow eyes (P = 0.058). The average preoperative ACD in the ERM eyes was (2.94 ± 0.31) mm, which was statistically deeper than that of their fellow eyes ((2.85 ± 0.28) mm, P = 0.008). No statistical difference was found in the postoperative average ACD of the VH eyes compared with baseline. In the ERM group, the postoperative ACD in the surgical eyes was still statistically deeper than the fellow eyes 1 week after surgery (P = 0.034). However, such statistical difference disappeared at 1 or 3 months postoperative (P = 0.186 and 0.682).

CONCLUSIONSERM may induce deepening of the ACD, which can be recovered by uneventful vitrectomy. VH does not cause shift of ACD, neither does vitrectomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Vitrectomy

Preoperative aqueous humor, known to inhibit the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture assay, was used as an adjunct to filtering surgery in rabbits to determine its effect in vivo on the outcome of filtering surgery. Fifteen rabbits underwent a posterior-lip sclerectomy in both eyes. In experimental eyes 1.4 ml preoperative aqueous humor and in fellow eyes 1.4 ml balanced salt solution were injected intracamerally. Gross and histopathological differences of bleb were observed. In this animal experiment, although there was no statistical significance or late postoperative effect, the rabbit eyes refilled with preoperative aqueous humor intracamerally just after filtering surgery, had a larger bleb and less fibroconnective tissue on the bleb than the control eyes in the early postoperative period.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/*pathology ; Aqueous Humor/*physiology ; Connective Tissue/pathology ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Isotonic Solutions ; Rabbits ; Sclera/surgery

Orbscan-II anterior system was used for early diagnosis of keratoconus. 48 Eyes of 24 patients with suspicious keratoconus were examined by Orbscan-II anterior system from Dec. 1999 to Dec. 2000 and followed up. The values of Diff and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were recorded. Results indicated that values of Diff and ACD were increased in 4 eyes of 2 patients with keratoconus trend during follow-up. Taking advantage of Orbscan-II anterior system to observe the values of Diff and ACD can early diagnose the sub-clinical keratoconus. The values of Diff and ACD can sensitively report the progression of keratoconus.
Anterior Chamber/pathology ; Cornea/pathology ; Corneal Topography/*instrumentation ; Corneal Topography/methods ; Evaluation Studies ; Keratoconus/*diagnosis ; Keratoconus/ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle width induced by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in normal eyes using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: Forty-five eyes (45 patients) underwent AS-OCT imaging to evaluate anterior chamber configuration before and 2 days after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. We analyzed the central ACD and angle width using different methods: anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance (AOD), and trabecular iris surface area (TISA) in the nasal and temporal quadrants. Comparison between preoperative and postoperative measurement was done using paired t-tests and each of the angle parameters was analyzed with Pearson correlation testing. Subgroup analyses according to the IOL and axial length were performed with a general multivariate linear model adjusted for age. RESULTS: Before surgery, the mean anterior chamber angle widths were 23.21 +/- 6.70degrees in the nasal quadrant and 24.89 +/- 7.66degrees in the temporal quadrant. The mean central ACD was 2.75 +/- 0.43 mm. After phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, the anterior chamber angle width increased significantly to 35.16 +/- 4.65degrees in the nasal quadrant (p = 0.001) and 36.03 +/- 4.86degrees in the temporal quadrant (p = 0.001). Also, central ACD increased to 4.14 +/- 0.31 mm (p = 0.001). AOD, TISA, and TIA increased significantly after cataract surgery and showed positive correlation with ACA. CONCLUSIONS: After cataract surgery, the ACD and angle width significantly increased in eyes with cataract. AS-OCT is a good method for obtaining quantitative data regarding anterior chamber configuration.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber/*pathology ; Anterior Eye Segment/pathology ; *Cataract Extraction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods

To increase the success rate of intraocular pressure control in recalcitrant glaucoma, anterior chamber tube shunt to a surgical membrane (ACTSSM) surgery using silicone tube and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) can be performed. Applying mitomycin C (MMC) during ACTSSM surgery may increase the success rate by decreasing the fibroblast proliferation and collagen in the fibrous capsule. To evaluate the effects of MMC on the fibrous capsule formed after ACTSSM surgery, operations were performed on 18 white rabbits. Nine rabbits were treated with 0.04% MMC solution on the episclera for 5 minutes before ACTSSM (group A) and the others were not treated (group B). At postoperative 2, 4 and 8 weeks successively, 6 eyes of the 3 rabbits were enucleated from each group. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/pathology/*surgery ; Glaucoma/*surgery ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Mitomycin/*therapeutic use ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Silicone Elastomers

We experiened a case of electrical retinopathy, following industrial electrocution. The patient complained of acute visual loss due to corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction, lens opacities, vitrons reaction, retinopathy and secondary glaucoma. The visual acuity was improved during hospital day and short term after discharge period, but worsened,eventually by progressive anterior chamber and posterior segment pathologies, that is lens opacities and optic atrophy etc, We Performed several ocular examinations, including visual field, fundus phetography and fluorescein angiography during admission and follow-up pericd. A brief review of the literature is described.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Optic Atrophy* ; Pathology ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: We describe the occurrence of a massive retinal hemorrhage following anterior chamber paracentesis in uveitic glaucoma. METHODS: A 33-year-old man who suffered from uveitic glaucoma was transferred to our hospital. The IOP in both his eyes was documented to vary between 11 mmHg and 43 mmHg and remained at a continuously high level for 7 months despite maximally tolerable medical treatment. A paracentesis was performed bilaterally to lower the IOP. RESULTS: Immediately after the paracentesis, massive retinal hemorrhages occurred in the left eye. Multiple round blot retinal hemorrhages with white centers occurred in the equator and peripheral retina, and small slit hemorrhages were observed in the peripapillary area. A fluorescence angiography(FAG) showed no obstruction of retinal vessels but a slightly delayed arteriovenous time in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to be aware that patients who have a persistent relatively high IOP are at an increased risk of developing decompression retinopathy due to paracentesis and filtering surgery.
Uveitis, Anterior/*surgery ; Retinal Hemorrhage/*etiology/pathology ; Paracentesis/*adverse effects ; Male ; Intraocular Pressure ; Humans ; Glaucoma/*surgery ; Fundus Oculi ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Anterior Chamber/*surgery ; Adult

Sodium hyaluronate can be used during a trabeculectomy to prevent early postoperative hypotony and shallow anterior chamber. To determine its long-term effect on the outcome of filtration surgery, fifteen rabbits underwent a osterior-lip sclerectomy in both eyes. Into their right eyes 0.2ml sodium hyaluronate, and into left eyes 0.2ml balanced salt solution were injected intracamerally. Gross and histopathological differences of bleb were observed. There was no statistically significant difference in longevity of the filtration bleb.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/*drug effects/pathology ; Conjunctiva/pathology ; Connective Tissue/pathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hyaluronic Acid/*administration & dosage ; Ocular Hypotension/prevention & control ; Rabbits ; Sclera/pathology ; *Sclerostomy

Failure of a glaucoma filtering operation mainly results from scarring at the filtering wound, and postoperative proliferation and migration of fibroblasts play an important role histologically in the formation of scar tissue. As an inhibitory agent for fibroblast proliferation, gamma-interferon has been introduced, and the application of gamma-interferon following filtering surgery is now being made on a trial basis. We studied the effect of gamma-interferon histologically on the fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis occurring at the filtering site by comparing the effect of gamma-interferon on the experimental group with that of 5-fluorouracil on the control group, using 10 rabbits (20 eyes) after posterior lip sclerectomy. Both groups showed similar flat and diffused bleb grossly and also showed a similar inhibitory effect on fibroblast proliferation and collagen fiber synthesis histologically. Our findings seem to justify the clinical use of gamma-interferon. Further studies on adequate dosage, method of administration, and local and systemic complications would be desired.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Collagen/*biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; Glaucoma/pathology/*surgery ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sclera/pathology ; *Sclerostomy