No abstract available.
Anterior Chamber/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Obesity

PURPOSE: To assess efficacy of the Pentacam (PTC) and the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AOCT) for detection of occludable angles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty-one eyes with gonioscopically diagnosed occludable angles and 32 normal open-angle eyes were included. Anterior chamber angle (ACA) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured with PTC and AOCT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for each parameter and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS: Values of ACA and ACD measured by PTC and AOCT were similar not only in normal open angle eyes but also in occludable angle eyes. For detection of occludable angle, the AUCs of PTC with ACA and ACD were 0.935 and 0.969, respectively. The AUCs of AOCT with ACA and ACD were 0.904 and 0.947, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both PTC and AOCT allow accurate discrimination between open and occludable angle eyes, so that they may aid to screening the occludable angles.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods

To quantify the dynamic changes taking place in the anterior segment, we measured the anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and their difference between sexes and age groups in normal eyes using contact ultrasonography and anterior chamber photography. There were 141 women (241 eyes) and 76 men (130 eyes) between the ages of 10 and 70 years. In normal eyes, the lens thickness was increased and the anterior chamber depth was decreased with aging in both sexes. The anterior chamber depth showed an accelerated decrease between the 4th and 5th decades in females and the ratio of anterior chamber depth to axial length was smaller in females than in males after the 5th decade. The results suggested that the prevalence of angle closure glaucoma will be increased in females after middle age.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Anterior Chamber/anatomy & histology ; Child ; Eye/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo propose a method for predicting the postoperative anterior chamber depth value (ACD) based on the evaluation standard of contrast sensitivity function (CSF).

METHODSIn a personalized eye model, the natural lens was replaced with an artificial lens, and the tracing method based on ZEMAX software was utilized to simulate the pseudophakic optical system. The best MTF curve was obtained through optical optimization to calculate the CSF and determine the best contrast sensitivity (CS) curve. The best ACD value was acquired according to the CSF curve. The data form 10 cataract cases without retinal diseases were obtained and the postoperative ACD value was predicted using Holladay, Hoffer Q, SRK/T and the proposed method.

RESULTSConsistency analysis of the results showed that all the ACD values predicated by the 4 methods fell in 95% consistency within the boundaries, and the differences in the largest absolute value between the 3 methods (Holladay, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T) and the proposed method were 0.73 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.68 mm, and the calculation results of the mean value were 5.846 mm, 5.804 mm, and 5.825 mm. Clinically, the two methods were deemed to have good consistency.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method establishes a connection between the contrast sensitivity curve and ACD to allow better refraction adjustment for the patients.

Anterior Chamber ; anatomy & histology ; Anthropometry ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Postoperative Period ; Refractive Errors ; complications ; diagnosis ; rehabilitation

BACKGROUNDMeasurement of anterior segment parameters plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of anterior chamber volume (ACV) measurements with rotating scheimpflug camera (RSC) and to examine agreement with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

METHODSThirty nine healthy normal subjects were recruited from the Eye Center of Tongren Hospital. ACV was measured using RSC and AS-OCT in a randomly selected eye for each subject. For RSC measurements, both automatic and manual ACV measurements and 2 independent operators' ACV measurements were obtained. All subjects were invited for 3 visits within a week to evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of ACV measurement by RSC. Agreement was evaluated between RSC and AS-OCT.

RESULTSGood repeatability and reproducibility were found for both automatic and manual ACV measurements obtained by RSC. For intrasession repeatability, coefficient of variation (CVw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for automatic were 3.52% and 0.98; the values for manual were 3.44% and 0.97, respectively. For intersession reproducibility, the respective CVw and ICC values were 3.96% and 0.96. Good agreement was also found in 2 operators for both automatic and manual ACV measurements; nevertheless, poor agreement was found between RSC and AS-OCT (95% confidence interval (CI) for agreement of automatic RSC measurement versus AS-OCT were -96.3 to 72.8 microl and 95% CI for agreement of manual RSC measurement versus AS-OCT were between -41.7 to 10.1 microl).

CONCLUSIONSBoth RSC automatic and manual ACV measurements showed good repeatability and reproducibility, and showed comparable agreement between 2 independent operators, but poor agreement was found between RSC and AS-OCT.

Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; anatomy & histology ; Anterior Eye Segment ; anatomy & histology ; Cornea ; anatomy & histology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; instrumentation ; Female ; Glaucoma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; methods ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility and agreement of anterior chamber measurements between the Pentacam (PTC) and the Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AOCT) in normal healthy eyes with open angle. METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional comparative case series. A total of 162 eyes of 81 healthy volunteers with normal open angle were included in this study. Anterior chamber angle (ACA) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured with PTC and AOCT. Intra-observer variability and inter-methods agreement of both instruments for ACA and ACD were evaluated. RESULTS: Values of temporal and nasal ACA measured by two instruments were similar, and the results of ACD were also not significantly different between modalities (p>0.01). ACA and ACD measurements by PTC and AOCT showed good intra-observer and inter-method agreements (all >0.9). CONCLUSIONS: PTC and AOCT are presumed to be very useful for the anterior chamber angle examination. They may provide good images and quantitative data about the angle structures including ACA and ACD.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Chamber/*anatomy & histology ; Anterior Eye Segment ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Observer Variation ; Photography/*methods ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods ; Trabecular Meshwork/anatomy & histology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the anterior chamber depth (ACD) measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

METHODSAll studies pertaining to ACD measured by AS-OCT and UBM were collected from online databases. The assessment of methodological quality and data extraction from the included studies were performed independently by two reviewers for meta-analysis.

RESULTSEight studies involving 710 eyes were included in the analysis. The difference of ACD measurements between AS-OCT and UBM was not statistically significant in the overall patients included for analysis (SMD=0.19, 95%CI [0.00, 0.39]) or in the patients with primary angle-closed glaucoma (SMD=0.02, 95%CI[-0.04,0.19]).

CONCLUSIONSThe ACD measurements do not differ significantly between AS-OCT and UBM. Due to the relatively small number of the included studies and the patients involved, this conclusion needs further confirmation by high-quality studies involving larger sample sizes.

Anterior Chamber ; anatomy & histology ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the agreement between ophthalmologists and community health workers in detecting shallow anterior chamber with oblique flashlight test.

METHODSTotally 425 subjects were given an eye examination in a community health center. The anterior chamber depth of each subject was examined by one ophthalmologist and two trained community health workers (one nurse and one non-professional health worker) using oblique flashlight test. Inter-observer agreement was determined using the weighted kappa statistic.

RESULTSAmong the enrolled subjects, 148 (35%) were male and 277 (65%) were female. Good agreement was noted in all the three observers. The comparison between the ophthalmologist and the nurse showed a kappa statistic of 0.42 for both eyes (P < 0.001). The kappa statistic was 0.54 and 0.52 for right and left eyes respectively between the ophthalmologist and the non-professional health worker (P<0.001). As for agreement between the nurse and the non-professional health, worker, the kappa statistic was 0.49 and 0.38 for right and left eyes, respectively (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe oblique flashlight test may be used as an applicable tool by trained community health workers for screening of shallow anterior chamber and play a role in blindness prevention in community.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Community Health Workers ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; standards ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology ; manpower ; Photic Stimulation ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle width induced by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with glaucoma, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 patients with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and 12 eyes of 12 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Using AS-OCT, ACD and angle parameters were measured before and 2 days after surgery. Change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of ocular hypotensive drugs were evaluated. RESULTS: After surgery, central ACD and angle parameters increased significantly in eyes with glaucoma (p < 0.05). Prior to surgery, mean central ACD in the ACG group was approximately 1.0 mm smaller than that in the OAG group (p < 0.001). Post surgery, mean ACD of the ACG group was still significantly smaller than that of the OAG group. No significant differences were found in angle parameters between the ACG and OAG groups. In the ACG group, postoperative IOP at the final visit was significantly lower than preoperative IOP (p = 0.018) and there was no significant change in the number of ocular hypotensive medications used, although clinically, patients required fewer medications. In the OAG group, the IOP and number of ocular hypotensive drugs were almost unchanged after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The ACD and angle width in eyes with glaucoma increased significantly after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Postoperative ACD significantly differed between the ACG and OAG groups, whereas angle parameters did not differ.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber/anatomy & histology/*surgery ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy/pathology/*surgery ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy/pathology/*surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification/*adverse effects ; Postoperative Period ; Preoperative Period ; Tomography, Optical Coherence