PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Smith method, van Herick technique, and Shaffer grading system, using a slit-lamp biomicroscope and gonioscope that measure anterior chamber depth (ACD), peripheral chamber depth (PCD), and angle width. METHODS: The anterior chamber of 94 eyes of 53 subjects was evaluated by slit-lamp examination with a gonioscope. An A-scan was carried out on all of the subjects, but ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) was performed on only 42 of 94 eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscope-assisted measurements, such as ACD, PCD, and angle width, were compared with those by A-scan and UBM. RESULTS: The correlations among ACD measurements, obtained by the Smith method, and those obtained using A-scan (r=0.673, p<0.001) and UBM (r=0.824, p<0.001) were statistically significant. The mean PCD, measured by van Herick technique, was 14.01+/-15.04 %, and its correlation with that of UBM was statistically significant (r=0.706, p<0.001). In addition, the correlation between the mean angle width, measured by Shaffer grading system and by UBM, was also statistically significant (r=0.853, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Assessments of the anterior segment, using a slit-lamp biomicrosope and a gonioscope, are comparable to those of A-scan and UBM measurements and are, therefore, useful for evaluation of the anterior chamber.
Anterior Chamber ; Ultrasonography

The ultrasonographic technique is an one of the safest, simplest and the most accurate methods of biometric measurement of the eyeball. Ultrasonography of A mode was performed to measure the anterior chamber depth and the ocular axial length of 60 emmetropic eyes and of 140 myopic eyes of greater than 3.00 Diopter. Interrelationship of the refractory error and the ocular axial length, the anterior chamber depth, as well as the myopic crescent(conus) was studied in 140 Korean myopic eyes from May 1st, 1985 through September 30th, 1985. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The mean axial length of the emmetropic eyes is 23.94mm and their mean anterior chamber depth, 3.08mm. 2. The mean axial length of the myopic eyes of greater than 3.00 Diopter is 25.76mm and their mean anterior chamber depth, 3.52mm. 3. As the refractory error in the myopic eyes increases by 1 Diopter, the mean axial length and the mean anterior chamber depth increases respectively by 0.29mm and 0.08mm. 4. The myopic crescent(conus) was observed in the 95% of myopic eyes.
Anterior Chamber* ; Ultrasonography

We measured the lens thickness and anterior chamber depth on 214 eyes (162 cataract eyes, 52 normal control eyes) using the EAS-1000 Scheimpflug camera. And the results was compared with measurement of A-scan ultrasonography in 49 cataract eyes. The thickness of cataract lens, especially in anterior subcapsular opacities in over 61 years old was significantly thin rather than control lens (panterior chamber depth was statistically deeper, especially in anterior subcapslar type of the 5th and 7th decades compared with control group (p<0.05, p0.05). Lens thickness was increased with age by an annual rate of 0.0l5mm in monnal eyes (panterior chamber depth was found to be 5% shallower. We confirmed that thickening rates of lens is decreased in cataract and there is differences between the measurement of Scheimpflug camera and that of A-scan ultrasonography.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate intraobserver reproducibility of measurements in images obtained by the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM plus, model P45, Paradigm(R), Inc., Utah, USA) and estimate the agreement of measurements by ultrasound biomicroscopy and A-scan ultrasound (model P37, Paradigm(R), Inc., Utah, USA). METHODS: The anterior segment images of fifteen normal patients were obtained twice by single examiner. Six different parameters were measured in each image. Among the parameters, anterior chamber depth was compared with that measured by A-scan ultrasound. RESULTS: The intraobserver reproducibility was high for all six parameters that includes central corneal thickness (coefficient of variation (%) 2.80), anterior chamber depth (coefficient of variation (%) 1.20), anterior chamber angle (coefficient of variation (%) 4.01), scleral thickness (coefficient of variation (%) 4.28), trabecular meshwork-iris distance (coefficient of variation (%) 6.09) and angle opening distance (AOD500, coefficient of variation (%) 6.09). The correlation between ultrasound biomicroscopy and A-scan ultrasound in measuring the anterior chamber depth was statistically significant (correlation coefficient = 0.79, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The measurements of anterior segment parameters by ultrasound biomicroscopy have high reproducibility and will be useful in evaluating the anterior segment structure.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Microscopy, Acoustic* ; Ultrasonography* ; Utah

PURPOSE: To establish quantified values for anterior segment of normal adult Koreans using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in relation to age and sex. METHODS: Anterior segment images were obtained in 114 normal Koreans (54 males and 60 females) using UBM. Six different parameters (central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, scleral thickness, trabeculariris distance, angle-opening distance 500 and anterior chamber angle) were measured by the same examiner in central chamber image and angle image. Among the parameters, anterior chamber depth was compared with that measured by A-scan. RESULTS: Average central corneal thickness was 495.2 +/- 29.6 micro meter in male and 488.8 +/- 20.6 micro meter in female, anterior chamber depth 2.997 +/- 0.297 mm in male and 2.763 +/- 0.314 mm in female, anterior chamber angle 38.86 +/- 3.62 degrees in male and 36.01 +/- 3.23 degrees in female and angle-opening distance 500 316.2 +/- 52.4 micro meter in male and 290.9 +/- 54.4 micro meter in female, respectively. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, trabecular-iris distance and angle-opening distance 500 were smaller in female than male. Anterior chamber depth showed a significant decrease in relation to age in male and female. Values of anterior chamber depth were statistically significantly correlated between UBM and A-scan. CONCLUSIONS: Quantified values were established for anterior segment using UBM in normal adult Koreans. In the future, they will be useful in evaluating the anterior segment structures and diseases.
Adult* ; Anterior Chamber ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and clinical usefulness of different devices by measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) with three devices and central corneal thickness (CCT) with four devices. METHODS: In 180 eyes of 90 healthy subjects, ACD was measured using A-scan, Lenstar LS900®, Pentacam®, and CCT was measured using ultrasound pachymetry (USP), Lenstar LS900®, Pentacam®, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: The average ACT measurements using Lenstar LS900®, A-scan, and Pentacam® were 3.27 ± 0.35 mm, 3.26 ± 0.36 mm, and 3.25 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. The measurements were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) but without statistically significant difference (p = 0.017). The Bland-Altman plots showed a low degree of agreement. The average CCT measurements using Pentacam®, USP, Lenstar LS900®, and OCT were 553.31 ± 25.23 µm, 547.26 ± 23.83 µm, 541.38 ± 24.49 µm, and 531.40 ± 22.33 µm, respectively. The measurements were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) and statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman plots showed a low degree of agreement. CONCLUSIONS: ACD and CCT measured using different devices were highly correlated, but the ACD measurements were not statistically different; however, the CCT measurements were statistically different, and agreement was low between both measurements.
Anterior Chamber* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography

The aims of the our study are investigation of the average value of the refraction, anterior chamber depth(ACD), axial length(AL), and the interrelationship of refraction, ACD, AL, weight and height of normal newborn infant. Objects of this study are 236 eyes of 118 normal newborn infants that have been examined with retinoscope under the cycloplegia and the axial length and anterior chamber depth have been measured by ultrasonogram. And so we gained following results. The average value of refraction(+1.85 +/- 1.86D), the average value of the AL(17.5 +/- 0.68mm) and the average value of ACD(2.62 +/- 0.21mm) did not show significant difference between male and female newborn infants. The correlation coefficient between AL and ACD. refraction and AL, weight and AL, and height and AL were 0.326(P<0.001), -0.305(0.0010.1).
Anterior Chamber* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Retinoscopes ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculations using simulated keratometry (simK) of dual Scheimpflug analyzer and 5 types of formulas in cataract patients. METHODS: The keratometry (K), axial length (AXL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using ultrasound biometry (USB) combined with auto-keratometry (Auto-K), parital coherence interferometry (PCI; IOL master®) and dual Scheimpflug analyzer (DSA; Galilei®) in 39 eyes of 39 patients. Predicted refraction was calculated using Auto-K, mean K of PCI, and simK and total corneal power (TCP) of DSA in the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff (SRK-T) formula. The SRK-II, SRK-T, Holladay II, Haigis, and Hoffer-Q formula were used to calculate predicted refraction with the simK of DSA and AXL of USB. Manifest refraction, mean numerical error (MNE) and mean absolute error were evaluated 1, 3 and 6 months after cataract surgery. RESULTS: TCP of DSA was lower compared with other keratometric values (p < 0.05). The MNE was not different among Auto-K, mean K and simK. The MNE using TCP was larger compared with Auto-K, mean K and simK at 1 month after surgery (p < 0.05). There was a difference in MNE between simK and TCP of DSA at 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05). The MNE of SRK-T formula was the smallest in the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using the simK of DSA. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest using IOL power calculations with simK of DSA and SRK-T formula rather than TCP of DSA in cataract patients with normal corneas.
Anterior Chamber ; Biometry ; Cataract ; Cornea ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of the Haigis formula compared to other formulas using contact ultrasound biometry. METHODS: This study was performed on 94 patients (114 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery in our hospital. Axial length (AXL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using both A-scan and intraocular lens (IOL) Master(R). Patients were divided into three groups based on AXL; Group I (AXL < 22.5 mm), Group II (22.5 mm < or = AXL < 25.5 mm), and Group III (AXL > or = 25.5 mm). Before cataract surgery, predicted refraction was calculated using the Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, and Holladay 1 formulas using both A-scan and IOL Master(R) measurements. Mean absolute error (MAE) were analyzed at one month after surgery using the various IOL formulas. RESULTS: Using contact ultrasound biometry, in Group I, MAE of Haigis was 0.80 +/- 0.67 D and was significantly lower than that using SRK/T. In Group II, the Haigis MAE was 0.72 +/- 0.55 D and was significantly lower than the results of all other formulas. In Group III, the Haigis MAE was 0.76 +/- 1.13 D and not significantly different from the results of other formulas. Comparing MAE of A-scan to IOL Master(R), the Haigis formula showed 0.16 D higher error that decreased when the AXL was close to the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Using contact ultrasound biometry, the Haigis formula provided the best predictability of postoperative refractive outcome compared to other formulas in eyes with normal axial length.
Anterior Chamber ; Biometry* ; Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Reference Values ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of the Haigis formula compared to other formulas using contact ultrasound biometry. METHODS: This study was performed on 94 patients (114 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery in our hospital. Axial length (AXL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using both A-scan and intraocular lens (IOL) Master(R). Patients were divided into three groups based on AXL; Group I (AXL < 22.5 mm), Group II (22.5 mm < or = AXL < 25.5 mm), and Group III (AXL > or = 25.5 mm). Before cataract surgery, predicted refraction was calculated using the Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, and Holladay 1 formulas using both A-scan and IOL Master(R) measurements. Mean absolute error (MAE) were analyzed at one month after surgery using the various IOL formulas. RESULTS: Using contact ultrasound biometry, in Group I, MAE of Haigis was 0.80 +/- 0.67 D and was significantly lower than that using SRK/T. In Group II, the Haigis MAE was 0.72 +/- 0.55 D and was significantly lower than the results of all other formulas. In Group III, the Haigis MAE was 0.76 +/- 1.13 D and not significantly different from the results of other formulas. Comparing MAE of A-scan to IOL Master(R), the Haigis formula showed 0.16 D higher error that decreased when the AXL was close to the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Using contact ultrasound biometry, the Haigis formula provided the best predictability of postoperative refractive outcome compared to other formulas in eyes with normal axial length.
Anterior Chamber ; Biometry* ; Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Reference Values ; Ultrasonography*