The experiments were performed on albino rabbits in which retinal ischemia had been produced by elevating tbe intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg by canulation of the anterior chamber and serial electroretinograms were recorded. The animals were divided into 3 groups; the first served as a normal control,the second received 30cc of 50% glucose solution intravenously, and the third received 2 units of insulin intramuscularly. The light stimuli used was 200 lux at the animal's eye and its duration was O.1 second. The contents of glucose and glycogen together were shown in table 1 and figure 1. The content was the greatest iri group II and the least in group III. After elevation of the intraocular pressure, b-wave gradually decreased and finally extinguished. The disappearance time of the b-wave in 3 groups of animals was shown in table 3 and figure 3. The survival time of the b-wave was longest in group II and shortest in group III. After 15 minutes of retinal ischemia, the intraocular pressure was returned to 15mmHg and the retinal blood flow was restored. The b-wave reappeared and the time at which b-wave recovers 50% of the original amplitude was shown in table 4 and figure 4. The b-wave recovers the quickest in group 2 animals and latest in group 3. In conclusion, when the glucose content of the retina is high, the resistance of the b-wave against the retinal ischemia is high and its recovery after restoration of the blood flow is quick. The significance of the glucose content of the retina and its role in retinal metabolism were discussed.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Glucose* ; Glycogen ; Insulin ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ischemia* ; Metabolism ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde*

Cyclodialysis and ciliochoroidal detachment were performed in three eyes of three rabbits and in three eyes of another three rabbits, respectively. After aspiration of the aqueous humor, 0.1 ml of 10% sodium fluorescein was injected intracamerally, and the eyeball was enucleated between 30 minutes and one hour after injection and prepared for fluorescence microscopy. Sodium fluorescein concentrations in the supraciliary space were much greater in the group with cyclodialysis or ciliochoroidal detachment than in the normal control group. These results suggest that (1) in the eye with cyclodialysis, the aqueous humor may freely gain access to the supraciliary space through the cleft between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space and then be removed rapidly and (2) in the eye with ciliochoroidal detachment, the aqueous humor may pass through the uveoscleral outflow pathway.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/metabolism ; Aqueous Humor/*secretion ; Choroid/metabolism/*surgery ; Ciliary Body/metabolism/*surgery ; Fluorescein ; Fluoresceins/diagnostic use ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rabbits

The authors experienced two cases of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-induced acute-onset bilateral myopia and shallowing of the anterior chambers. Two middle-aged women taking HCTZ, a sulfa derivative, visited our clinic complaining of acute bilateral visual deterioration. Both had good visual acuity without corrective lenses before taking HCTZ. A complete ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral myopic shift, intraocular pressure elevation, shallowing of the anterior chambers, choroidal effusions, radiating retinal folds, and conjunctival chemosis. Approximately one week after HCTZ discontinuance, all ocular changes disappeared completely. Physicians should be aware of the adverse ocular effects of HCTZ and should manage patients accordingly.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Anterior Chamber/drug effects ; Choroid/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cilia/drug effects/*metabolism ; Diuretics/*adverse effects ; Exudates and Transudates/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*adverse effects ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/*chemically induced

We report on a case of cholesterosis bulbi concurrent with secondary glaucoma. A 36-year-old man, with a history of long-standing retinal detachment in his right eye after the irrigation and aspiration of a congenital cataract, presented with a clinical picture of elevated intraocular pressure and ocular pain. Upon slit-lamp examination, we found a ciliary injection and a pseudohypopyon of polychromatic crystals. Gonioscopic examination revealed a large amount of crystals deposited on the trabecular meshwork and mild rubeosis iridis, but the neovascularization of the angle could not be clearly confirmed due to the presence of so many crystals. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed to remove clusters of crystals and bevacizumab was injected intravitreally to treat iris neovascularization. Aqueous aspirate was examined by light microscopy and the typical highly refringent cholesterol crystals were identified. Intraocular pressure returned to a normal level after the bevacizumab injection, although severe cholesterosis was still evident in the anterior chamber. To our knowledge, this would be the first Korean case of cholesterosis bulbi combined with chronic retinal detachment and presumed neovascular glaucoma, which was treated by pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal bevacizumab injection.
Adult ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Anterior Chamber/*metabolism ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*therapeutic use ; *Cholesterol ; Eye Diseases/complications/metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Glaucoma, Neovascular/drug therapy/*etiology/surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Vitrectomy/*methods

BACKGROUNDAnterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) is characterized by a Th2 cell response. GATA-3 has been shown to be necessary for the activation of Th2 cells. This study was designed to examine the expression of GATA-3 in the development of ACAID.

METHODSACAID was induced by injection of 50 microg interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) into the anterior chamber (AC) of Wistar rats. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated on day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 after IRBP inoculation. GATA-3 expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining. The expression of GATA-3 mRNA at different time points after AC injection of IRBP was assayed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSA significant DTH reaction was observed in Wistar rats on day 3 and 5 after IRBP inoculation. The DTH reaction was decreased 7 days after IRBP inoculation. GATA-3 expression was weak at both mRNA and protein levels in the normal spleen, but was significantly increased on day 5, 7, 14, and 21 after AC injection of IRBP.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of GATA-3 is increased during ACAID, suggesting that GATA-3 may be involved in the development of ACAID.

Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; immunology ; Eye Proteins ; immunology ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinol-Binding Proteins ; immunology ; Spleen ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; immunology