According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we searched for relevant original articles in some big Chinese and English databases. The qualities of the studies were evaluated with QUADAS quality assessment tool. A software program, Meta-disc, was used to obtain the pooled estimates and heterogeneity test for sensitivity, specificity, SROC curve, and so on. Finally the 17 article were included. On a per-patient basis, the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), Q*, SROC area under curve for 99mTc-MDP bone scan and computed tomography (CT) were 0. 87 and 0.99, 0.81 and 0.98, 3.88 and 13.86, 0.2 and 0.03, 27.73 and 612.17, 0.8418 and 0.9732, 0.9097 and 0.9952, respectively. On a per-focus basis, the pooled SEN, SPE, LR+, LR-, DOR, Q*, SROC area under curve for 99mTc-MDP bone scan was 0.86, 0.97, 13.32, 0.16, 102.4, 0.8944, 0.9528, respectively. For CT, only 1 article were included. This paper demonstrate: whether 99mTc-MDP or CT both have high diagnostic efficiency for bone metastase of breast cancer.
Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and low invasive technology for cancer biological imaging. Integrated PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) cameras combine functional and anatomical information in a synergistic manner that improves diagnostic interpretation. The role of 18F FDG PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is well established, particularly in patients presenting with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative radioactive iodine scan. This review presents the evidence supporting the use of 18F FDG PET/CT throughout the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, and provides suggestions for its clinical uses.
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Thyroglobulin ; blood ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with ~(131)Ⅰ can greatly improve prognosis of patients. However, the administered activity of ~(131)Ⅰ is still a subject for discussion. Different methods for determining the administered activity of ~(131)Ⅰ were reviewed in this article.

ObjectiveTo investigate the insulin receptor expression binding characteristics and it's clinical significance of 125 I insulin on human hepatocllular cancer cell membrane.MethodInsulin was radioiodinated using Ch T method, isolated and purified by polyacrylamide gel electryophresis. Human hepatocellular cancer and adjacent liver tissue cell membrane were extracted, receptor binding and bind ability of 125 I insulin and insulin receptor on hepatocellular cancer and adjacent hepatic cell membrane were studied. ResultsThe specific activity of 125 I insulin was 46 1?1 2 TBq/mmol,the radiochemical purity was over 98%. Insulin receptor content increased in hepatocellular carcinoma cells 〔Bmax=(1 9?0 6)?pmol/mg protein, the Kd of high and low affinity was 2 1?0 6?nmol and 25?8?nmol respectively〕 compared with carcinoma adjacent hepatic cells 〔Bmax=( 1 42? 0 57)?pmol/mg protein t =0 032 P 0 05〕.ConclusionHuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells overexpress insulin receptor. A14 125 I insulin has a specific high affinity with insulin receptor on HCC cells.

Objective To assess the effect of radioiodine-131 (131Ⅰ) on treatment of pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the main prognostic factors. Methods Five databases were retrieved and all published studies which analyzed the effect of 131Ⅰ on pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the main prognostic factors were systematically reviewed. The data about the impact of 131Ⅰ treatment and the main prognostic factors on the 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of the patients were abstracted. RevMan 4.2 software was used to statistically analyze. Results Eleven retrospective cohort studies were included. The pooled results suggested that the 5-yr survival rates of the patients who received 131Ⅰ therapy and who did not received 131Ⅰl therapy were 74.9% and 27.1% , respectively ;The lO-yr survival rates(P<0.01)of the two groups were 60.8% % 12.2% , respectively;The difference between them had statistical significance (P<0.01). The 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of the patients only with pulmonary metastases were higher than those of the patients with multiple metastases (P<0.01). The 5-yr (P = 0.01) and 10-yr (P = 0. 002)surviv10al rates of the patients only with papillary thyroid carcinoma were higher than those of the patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. The 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of male and female patients were similar(P>0.05). Conclusions 131Ⅰ treatment increases the 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The extent of metastases and the histologie type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma are two main predicting factors of prognosis. The 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of patients are not influenced by gender.

Objective To investigate the biokinetics of 131 I and its absorbed dose in patients with metastatic DTC. Methods Forty?one patients with metastatic DTC who were referred to 131 I therapy were prospectively recruited from September 2009 to September 2011. Scintigraphic images were serially acquired after the ingestion of 131I (3.70-9.25 GBq) to assess the biokinetics. CT was used to measure the masses of the DTC lesions. Calculation of absorbed doses to DTC lesions was based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formula of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Kruskal?Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the differences of absorbed dose among different tumor deposits. Results In total, 59 io?dine?avid metastatic lesions (35 in cervical lymph node, 17 in lung and 7 in bone) in 41 patients were evalu?ated and the mean absorbed dose of DTC lesions was (10.4±6.5) Gy/GBq, with range of 0.1 to 136.2 Gy/GBq. The median absorbed dose was 11.3 Gy/GBq for lymph node metastase, 10.1 Gy/GBq for lung metastases and 9.6 Gy/GBq for bone metastases. There were no statistically significant differences in absorbed doses a?mong the metastases of lymph node, lung and bone ( Z=0.907, P>0.05) . Conclusion A wide inter?lesion variation of absorbed dose to metastatic DTC is observed.

Liposomes play an important role in drug delivery systems. However, conventional liposomes are short of active targeting ability and stability in blood circulation, which is required for efficient drugs delivery of interest. PEGs-containing liposomes are able to be stabilized in blood circulation for a longer period of time, able to be delivered properly in time and in amount to the targeted organs, and able to suppress the side effects of some drugs.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Liposomes ; blood ; chemistry ; Nuclear Medicine ; methods ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Surface Properties

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is primarily used as a tumor marker to detect the recurrent or persistent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Unfortunately, the serum Tg measurement is technically challenging and the thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) interference remain the most serious problem limiting the clinical value of serum Tg. The direction and magnitude of the interference are related to the method and the concentration and affinity of the TgAb in the specimen. The objective of this study was to evaluate TgAb's interference with assay of Tg by electrochemiluminescent assay (ECLIA). The Tg and TgAb of 84 sera were measured by the ECLIA. Recovery tests were carried out in 3 groups. 3 different Tg calibrators, 50, 100, 200 ng/ml, respectively, were added into the sera of the first group. The sera of second group were doubly diluted 5 times, and meawhile the Tg and TgAb were measured after each dilution, and then 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator was added into the sera. The sera of third group were divided into different subgroups according to TgAb concentration and then 100 ng/ml Tg calibrators were added. Recovery rate (%) was calculated. Tg value decreased when TgAb concentration increased by ECLIA, TgAb value became lower when sera were diluted, Tg value increased. The added Tg calibrator had not significant influence on Tg value and Recovery rate. Recovery rate was lower when TgAb concentration increased. When sera were diluted, the recovery rate was increased. Tg value were underestimated by TgAb interference. After sera were diluted, Tg value became increasing by ECLIA. The added Tg calibrator had not significantly influence on Tg value and Recovery rate. When sera were diluted, the recovery rate was increased. TgAb concentration had significant influence on Recovery rate. Recovery test can not efficiently rectify Tg value when TgAb was positive.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Child ; Electrochemical Techniques ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Graves Disease ; blood ; Hashimoto Disease ; blood ; Humans ; Luminescent Measurements ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroglobulin ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult

Differentiated thyroid cancer can be effectively treated with high-dose 131I and the other head and neck cancer can also be effectively treated with extra-radiotherapy, but these treatments often result in a reduction in salivary gland function, causing xerostomia. Collectively, these effects can lead to severe secondary complications, including difficulty in speaking and swallowing, decreasing appetite even affecting nutrition and sleep. Amifostine, an analog of cysteamine, is a phosphorlyated aminothiol prodrug and its active metabolite, WR-1065 etc, can selectively protect normal tissues from the cytotoxic effects of drugs and/or radiation while preserve antitumor effects. Many studies have demonstrated that amifostine protects normal tissues from both acute and late extra-radiation damage without protecting the tumor. It has been approved by FDA to be used for protecting the salivary gland from xerostomia caused by radiotherapy. It has also show protecting effects on intra-radiotherapy, but there are many problems waiting for study.
Amifostine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Cytoprotection ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Radiation Injuries ; prevention & control ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology

Diagnostic whole body scan (Dx-WBS) with 131I and serum Tg level are the main parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of thyroid remnant ablation in patients with DTC.Undetectable Tg and positive radioiodine uptake in the thyroid bed (Tg-/Dx-WBS+) may be found in some patients.However,the clinical significance is uncertain.A small amount of thyroidal remnant,a small DTC lesion,increased expression of NIS gene and autoimmune inflammation may all result in Tg-/Dx-WBS+.A wait-and-watch approach without rushing for high-dose radioiodine treatment might be a more reasonable approach for these patients.