Objective To observe the changes of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and nuclear factorκB(NF‐κB) expres‐sion in the hippocampus of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation so as to unravel the role of HMGB 1 and NF‐κB in neuroin flam‐mation .Methods Totally 40 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into shame‐operated group and recover group [including 2 ,6 ,12 ,24 and 48 h of 5sub‐groups after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)] .The animals were sacrificed and hippo‐campus were removed at the indicated time .Pathological changes were observed at each time point .The expression of HMGB1 and NF‐κB were determined using RT‐PCR and Western blot respectively .Results There were no histopathological in the hippocampus of rats in shame‐operated group ,brain tissue appeared change of ischemia pathology in recover group ,it was the most severest at ROSC 24 h and still obviously at ROSC 48 h time point .HMGB1 mRNA and NF‐κB mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats of recover group increased obviously along with the prolongation of time following ROSC and reached its peak at ROSC 24 h(P<0 . 01) ,much higher than that of shame‐operated group ;the HMGB1 level in the hippocampus of rats after recover significantly de‐clined at 2 h after ROSC and increased obviously at 6 ,12 h and reached peak 24 h later ,then decreased 48 h later(P<0 .01) ,there was positive correlation between the expression of HMGB1 and NF‐κB protein .Conclusion HMGB1/NF‐κB signaling pathway may play an important role in the early stages of brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation .Targeted therapies of this path way would be possible to open a new avenue for preventing neuroinflammation after recover .

Objective_To investigate the role of HMGB1 involved in the activation of P38MAPK signal pathway in the hippocampus of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods_Rats were randomly divided into two groups as shame-operated group, CPR group including 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation ( ROSC) (5sub-groups) .The animals were sacrificed and hippocampus were removed at the indicated time.Patholog-ical changes were examined at each time point.Calculated the brain water content by day/wet ration.The HMGB1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR technique.The expressions of HMGB1 and P38MAPK activity were deter-mined using Western blot.Results_There were no histopathological change in the hippocampus of rats in shame-op-erated group, brain tissue appeared change of ischemia pathology in CPR group, it was the most severest at ROSC 24 h.The brain water content, HMGB1 mRNA in rats of CPR group increased obviously along with the prolongation of time following ROSC and reached its peak at ROSC 24 h(P<0.01),much higher than that of shame-operated group, the HMGB1 level in the hippocampus of rats after CPR significantly declined at 2 h after ROSC(P<0.01)and increased obviously at 6, 12 h and reached peak 24 h later(P<0.01), the P38MAPK activity in the hippo-campus of rats after CPR, significantly increased at 2 h after ROSC and reached peak 6 h later(P<0.01), then declined slowly later, much higher than that of shame-operated group.Conclusions_HMGB1 involved in the acti-vation of P38 MAPK signal pathway may play an important role in the early stages of brain injury after CPR.

Objective: Explore the function and regulatory mechanism of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in bladder cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Methods: From February 2018 to June 2019, we use T24 cells as the model and divide it into over-expression control group (ctrl), ANXA1 over-expression group (ANXA1), knockdown control group (shctrl), ANXA1 knockdown group 1 (shANXA1-1), ANXA1 knockdown group 2 (shANXA1-2) and ANXA1 knockdown group 3 (shANXA1-3). 24 hours after the culture, the cells were collected and the mRNA expression level of ANXA1 was detected by Real-Time quantitative PCR. The cell activity was detected by CCK-8; the cell apoptosis and cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Results: The Real-Time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of ANXA1 in the over expression group was significantly higher than that in the over expression control group (15 369.00±874.20 and 1.00±0.07, P<0.001). The expression of ANXA1 in the knockdown group 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that in the knockdown control group (0.51±0.04, 0.51±0.02 and 1.00±0.04, P<0.001). Compared with the over expression control group(1.61±0.01), the cell activity of the over expression group(2.04±0.02)was significantly increased (P<0.001), while the activity of the knockdown group 2 and 3 (1.40±0.002 and 1.31±0.003)were significantly decreased than the knockdown ctrl group (1.73±0.01)(P<0.001). The results of flow cytometry showed that the number of G₀/G₁ cells in the over-expression group was significantly lower than that in the over-expression control group (28.14±0.33 and 46.19±0.73, P<0.001), while that in the knockdown group 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in the knockdown control group (58.670±0.49, 62.34±4.01 and 45.59± 0.19, P<0.001 and P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of apoptosis between the over-expression group and the over-expression control group (P>0.05), while the number of apoptosis in the knockdown group 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in the knockdown control group (13.04%, 14.58% and 7.76%, P<0.001). Cell function analysis showed that the number of cells passing through the membrane of the over expression group was significantly higher than that of the over expression group (525.00±9.30 and 385.70±13.40, P<0.01), while that of the knockdown group 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that of the knockdown control group (214.70±6.40, 226.00±5.30 and 398.70±10.00, P<0.001). Conclusions Over-expression of ANXA1 significantly promoted the proliferation, cycle and migration of T24 cells and inhibited apoptosis. On the contrary, ANXA1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, cycle and migration of T24 cells and promoted apoptosis.

Objective To compare the effect of using the fresh tumor lump and the recovered low temperature-storing VX2 tumor lump that have been frozen for different time to construct the rabbit HCC model.Methods Fish-like fresh VX2 tumor lumps were selected.After the peripheral necrotic tissue and muscle were removed,the tumor lumps were frozen at-80℃ for 3,5 and 7 months.Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups.The rabbits in group A(control group)received fresh liver tumor lump implantation to construct in-situ VX2 rabbit HCC models.The rabbits in groups B,C and D(experimental groups)received implantation of the recovered low temperature-storing VX2 tumor lump which had been frozen at-80℃ for 3,5 and 7 months,respectively,to construct in-situ VX2 rabbit HCC models.Fourteen days after implantation,the modeling effect of tumor formation in each group was assessed.The proliferation,apoptosis of tumor cells and the angiogenesis were evaluated by immunofluorescence assay.Results The tumor formation rate of all group A,B,C and D was 100％.However,with the extension of cryopreservation time,the difference in tumor mass activity became larger after 5 months,and the necrotic area of liver tumor center became enlarged.Histological examination showed that there were no significant differences in the expressions of TUNEL,Ki67,HIF-α,VEGF and CD31 between group A and group B,while there were significant differences in the expressions of TUNEL,Ki67,HIF1-α,VEGF and CD31 between group A,B and group C,D.Conclusion The rabbit VX2 HCC model,which is constructed by implantation of recovered low temperature-storing VX2 tumor lump being frozen at-80℃ in vitro for a certain time,can be successfully established within 7 months.The difference in tumor mass activity between tumor lumps became larger after 5 months.But on the whole,the constructed rabbit VX2 HCC model can better preserve the tumor strain activity.This modeling technique can save manpower and material resources.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:269-274)

In recent years, the incidence of single-gene nephrolithiasis has been increasing year by year. With the application of whole-genome analysis and whole-exome sequencing technology, the etiology of single-gene mutations leading to the development of urinary calculi has been extensively verified. Therefore, this article reviews the research on urinary calculi-related genetic diseases at home and abroad, and introduces transport proteins and channels; ions, protons and amino acids. The role of urinary calculi in the majority of clinicians realizes the significance of genetic testing in such diseases, thereby increasing the understanding of genetically related urinary calculi and improving the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Background It has been reported that orthokeratology has the effects of slowing down myopia progression and axial elongation.However,the affecting mechanism of orthokeratology wearing on ocular peripheral refraction is still not elucidated.Objective This study was to observe and compare the changes of ocular peripheral refraction and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) in low to moderate myopic eyes of children after wearing orthokeratology lens and spectacles for 6 months.Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out after approval of Ethic Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital and informed consent of guardians of the children.One hundred myopic children aged (ll.0±1.9) years were recruited in Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2014 to January 2015,with the diopter of-0.50 to-6.00 D.The subjects were randomized into orthokeratology group and spectacles group by the process PLAN PROC of software SAS 9.1.3,50 for each group.The subjects in the orthokeratology group wore orthokeratology lens for 6 months and those in the spectacles group wore spectacles for the same period.An infrared open-field autorefractor was employed to measure the refraction at central 0°,temporal 15°,temporal 30°,nasal 15°and nasal 30° radial lines before and after wearing lens for the assessment and comparison of the changes of peripheral refraction and RPR.Results There was no significant difference in spherical equivalent between the orthokeratology group and the spectacles group before wearing lens ([-3.35±1.31] D versus [-3.01± 1.15] D,P =0.20).The peripheral refraction values in the orthokeratology group were (-2.28 ± 1.60),(-3.28±1.41),(-3.40±1.23),(-3.38±1.12) and (-2.09±1.29)D at nasal 15°and nasal30°,central,temporal 15° and temporal 30°radial lines before wearing lens,and reduced by (0.29±1.67),(0.85±1.66),(0.92±1.76) and (0.66±1.66) D at nasal 30°,nasal 15°,central and temporal 15° after wearing lens,respectively,with significant differences at nasal 15°,central and temporal 15°(all at P＜0.05).The peripheral refraction values in the spectacles group were (-1.88±1.30),(-2.66±1.18),(-2.89±1.27) and (-1.94±1.31)D at nasal 15°,nasal 30°,temporal 15 ° and temporal 30°,radial lines before wearing lens and increased by (-0.25±0.80),(-0.43 ±0.67),(-0.32±0.64) and (-0.22±0.75)D after wearing lens,respectively,with significant differences between before and after wearing lens (all at P＜0.05).The RPR shifted from hyperopia defocus to myopia defocus before and after wearing lens in temporal 15° and 30° radial lines in the orthokeratology group,and at various radial lines in the spectacles group,the RPR showed gradually worsening of hyperopia defocus.Conclusions Long-term wearing of orthokeratology results in a hyperopia shifting in myopic children by exposing the peripheral retina towards relative myopia defocus,whereas wearing spectacles leads to a relative hyperopia defocus on retina.Thus,orthokeratology may slow down the myopia progression.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of clustered outbreaks of hand， foot， and mouth disease （HFMD） in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2017 to 2022， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD in the area. MethodsThe data related to HFMD clustered outbreaks from 2017 to 2022 were obtained from the Pudong New Area HFMD outbreak database. Descriptive analysis was conducted to explore the outbreak scope， seasonal characteristics， distribution of occurrence settings， and etiological composition. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2022， Pudong New Area reported a total of 2 547 HFMD clusters， involving 8 884 cases， with an average of 3.49 cases per event. The majority of events （78.52%） had between 2 and 4 cases. The peak reporting periods for clustered HFMD from 2017 to 2019 and in 2021 were during the summer （May‒July） and autumn （September‒November）. The seasonal pattern was less distinct in 2020 and 2022， likely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of clustered outbreaks occurred in childcare facilities （44.64%）， followed by households/neighborhood committees （44.21%）， with schools accounting for a smaller proportion （12.39%）. The etiology revealed the coexistence of multiple enterovirus genotypes， with a positive detection rate of 60.46%， and CoxA6 being the dominant strain. ConclusionHFMD clustered outbreaks in Pudong New Area show fluctuating trends， with significant yearly differences in the number of incidents. The predominant seasons for outbreaks are summer and autumn， with CoxA6 identified as the dominant strain. The implementation of prevention and control measures for COVID-19 significantly reduced the occurrence of HFMD outbreaks. Continuous monitoring and focus on large-scale clustered outbreaks in key institutions are essential for the future.

L-arginine (L-Arg) is an alkaline amino acid that possesses various function groups and acts as an important precursor for useful chemical synthesis. L-Arg derivatives are widely applied in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Environment friendly and cost-effective production of L-Arg derivatives by enzymatic catalysis provides significant advantages over chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. In this article, several typical L-Arg derivatives and their enzymatic production processes are highlighted. Furthermore, prospect is also addressed about enzymatic production of L-Arg derivatives.

Objective·To evaluate the changes in cognitive function in overweight and obese adolescents,and explore the association between cognitive function and fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21).Methods·A total of 175 adolescents from a senior high school in Shanghai were divided into normal weight group(n=50),overweight group(n=50)and obese group(n=75)based on their body mass index(BMI).General information,anthropometric data and laboratory testing indicators of the adolescents were collected and compared.The cognitive function of the three groups of adolescents was assessed by using the accuracy(ACC)and reaction time of Flanker task and n-back task.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the serum FGF21 level of the three groups of adolescents.Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to evaluate the correlation between cognitive task performance and anthropometric data and laboratory testing indicators.Results·Compared with the normal weight group,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and the levels of fasting plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and triacylglycerol in the obese group were higher(all P<0.05).Under congruent or incongruent stimulus conditions in the Flanker task,there was no significant difference in ACC between any two groups;compared with the normal weight and overweight groups,the reaction time of the adolescents in the obese group was prolonged(all P<0.05).In the n-back task,there were no significant differences in ACC between any two groups,while the obese group had longer reaction time in the 1-back and 2-back tasks compared to the normal weight and overweight groups(all P<0.05).Compared with the normal weight group,serum FGF21 levels of the adolescents in the obese group were higher(P=0.000).Partial correlation analysis showed that the reaction time of the adolescents in Flanker and n-back tasks was correlated with their BMI,body fat mass,waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio and FGF21 level(all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis further confirmed that BMI was associated with prolonged reaction time in cognitive-related behavioral tasks in the adolescents(all P<0.05),and FGF21 level was associated with ACC in the 2-back task(P=0.000)and reaction time in the incongruent stimulus condition(P=0.048).Conclusion·Overweight and obese adolescents have cognitive impairments,and BMI and serum FGF21 levels are associated with changes in their cognitive function.

Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances (MDS) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diet therapy during rehabilitation, in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) reduce sequelae and improve their life quality. Methods The official websites of the national and provincial health committees, the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords, such as “coronavirus” “novel coronavirus pneumonia” “COVID-19” “protocol” “guideline” “consensus” and “rehabilitation period”. The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31, 2022. The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out. The information on the frequency, property, flavor, meridian tropism, and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance. Results A total of 18 protocols were screened out, including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy, and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19. Among them, six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites, 26 from local government websites, and 24 from social and academic institution websites. The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery, lung-spleen Qi deficiency, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, spleen-stomach weakness, deficiency of Yang Qi, kidney Qi deficiency, and blood deficiency. Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), followed by Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) were used most commonly in MDS, with mainly flat property, sweet flavor, and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism. Besides, deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS. Through association rule analysis, 12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained. The pair of Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) had the highest Lift value, and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors. The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Fuling (Poria), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis, including the category of strengthening spleen, nourishing kidney, and grasping Qi, the category of removing phlegm, abating panting, and regulating Qi, and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi. Conclusion Based on the TCM theory, most patients during the rehabilitation of COVID-19 are in a state of lingering pathogens due to deficient vital Qi. TCM diet therapy is based on the principle of “giving both reinforcing and reducing treatment”, and the MDS combinations focus on both reinforcing the health Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. The diet therapy mainly uses the MDS with flat property and sweet flavor, which belongs to deficiency-tonifying drugs, adding suitable MDS of pathogen-eliminating drugs according to different situations. The ultimate goal is to promote lung inflammation absorption, improve pulmonary fibrosis, increase immunity, reduce the occurrence of sequelae, and improve life quality.