Anophthalmos is a complete absence of the tissues of the eye. Embryologically, anophthalmos denotes those cases wherein there is complete failure in the outgrowth of the primary optic vesicle. When essential structures of the eye are present, the aonormality is microphthalmos, no matter how small the eye may be. Clinical anophthalmos represents the majority of cases in which the eye appears to be absent. Congenital anophthalmos is one of the rare ophthalmic anomalies, only 5 cases were reported in Korea and about 100 cases in the world. We report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Anophthalmos* ; Korea ; Microphthalmos

Congenital anophthalmos is fairly rare malformation in which the eyeball is apparently absent. We experienced a 10-day-old boy, who had a congenital anophthalmos of his left eye, a microphthalmos of the other eye and short palpebral fissure of both eyes(right: 12mm, left: 5mm). The absence of left eyeball within a small orbit was confirmed by C-T scanning. We report this interesting case with a brief review of literatures.
Anophthalmos* ; Humans ; Male ; Microphthalmos ; Orbit

Anophthalmos associated with optic nerve aplasia in the contralateral eye is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in Korea. A 3-day-old girl had anophthalmos in the right eye and optic nerve aplasia in the left. Except for the ocular findings, she was relatively healthy. Her sibling had also anophthalmos and expired 4 days after birth. But we could not take her siblings history in detail. We report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Anophthalmos* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Optic Nerve* ; Parturition ; Siblings

PURPOSE: We evaluated the morphologic change of the hydroxyapatite(HA)-coated porous alumina as a new orbital implant when it was used in rabbit. METHODS: After evisceration of 18 eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits, we implanted 12 mm-diameter-sized HA-coated porous alumina with different pore sizes; 300, 500, and 800 micrometer, and then the implants were extracted back to evaluate their morphologic change according to different time interval; 2, 4, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Fibrovascularization was noted at periphery of the implant 2 weeks after implantation in all of the three groups, and to the center of the implant 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. This fibrova-scularization was most predominant in 500 micrometerpore-sized group compared to the rest two groups. CONCLUSIONS: HA-coated porous alumina showed similar appearance of fibrovascularization with relatively more affordable price and easy manufacture, compared to the other porous implants.
Aluminum Oxide* ; Anophthalmos ; Durapatite ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants* ; Rabbits

Authors observed clinically for congenital anophthalmos in two cases. One case was a boy, aged 6 years, having congenital anophthalmos of right eye with bifid uvula and another case was newbron baby, aged 4 days, having congenital anophthalmos and blepharophimosis of left eye and was born to undernutciented mother from chronic hepatitis.
Anophthalmos* ; Blepharophimosis ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Uvula

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect on the growth rate of orbital volume of those who received enucleation or evisceration with or without implants, according to different sizes and operation periods. METHODS: The subjects comprised 47 patients who had previously undergone evisceration or enucleation. The volumes of both anophthalmic and normal orbit were measured from CT scans of patients and compared. The relationship between the orbital volume growth rate and the operation at young age with different size implants or operation without implants was evaluated. RESULTS: Five groups, divided by age at operation, were evaluated. Four groups comprising under 12 years of age, had a significant delay in orbital volume growth development (p<0.05). Three groups, divided by size of implants, were evaluated and 17 mm or smaller sized orbital implants showed significant orbital volume growth retardation (p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The effect of early enucleation on orbital volume growth should be considered in patients younger than 12 years old. Furthermore, during the operation, implants with sizes larger than 18mm should be used to prevent the retardation of orbital volume growth.
Anophthalmos ; Child ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A bacterial study of the conjunctival sac of 115 patients with an anophthalmic eye has compared the kinds of normal flora in the conjunctival sac of normal and anophthalmic eyes and investigated the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria to various antibiotics. Detection rate of bacteria were 35.7% and 69.6% in normal and anophthalmic eyes, respectively. In normal eyes S. epidermidis(40.4%) were isolated more frequently than S. aureus(21.3%), but the detection rate for each bacteria in anophthalmic eyes showed no significant differences. The incidence rate in kinds of bacterial flora in both conjunctival sacs of a person who has one anophthalmic eye was 37.5%, lower than that of a person with normal eyes(71.4% to 96.5%). Bacteria isolated from normal and anophthalmic conjunctiva were similarly sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, erythromycin, oxacillin. and tobramycin and were resistant to ampicillin and penicllin.
Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anophthalmos ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Cefazolin ; Conjunctiva ; Erythromycin ; Eye ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oxacillin ; Tobramycin

PURPOSE: We assessed the effect of Medpor(r) enophthalmos wedge implant on the correction enophthalmos. METHODS: Authors operated on 12 patients with enophthalmos using Medpor(r) enophthalmos wedge implant. RESULTS: Among 12 cases, 5 were men and 7 were women. Average age was 37.2 years. Average followup period was 8.1 months. There were posttraumatic enophthalmos in 8 patients and anophthalmic enophthalmos in 4 patients. We used 27 implants to correct enophthalmos (mean 2.3 implants). Among 8 orbital fracture cases, ocular motility disturbance and diplopia were improved in 7 cases. The amount of enophthalmos corrected was between 1 and 5 mm (mean 3.1 mm). We experienced improvement of inferior dystopia (mean 2.1 mm) in 11 cases and medial dystopia (mean 0.8 mm) in 5 cases. There was no case of visual loss, implant infection, migration, or exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that Medpor(r) enophthalmos wedge implant effectively corrected enophthalmos without significant complications.
Anophthalmos ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Orbital Fractures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the distribution of conjunctival bacterial flora in anophthalmic socket patients with a prosthetic eye, and compare the bacterial positive culture rates between patients with subjective symptoms such as eye wax or irritation and patients without symptoms. METHODS: Twenty-six anophthalmic socket patients with a prosthetic eye who visited our clinic between December 2009 and May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were asked about their symptoms, followed by a conjunctiva examination. Specimens were obtained from the inferior conjunctival cul- de- sac with a sterile cotton-tipped applicator. The collected specimens were cultured. RESULTS: The results indicated that the overall positive culture rate in the anophthalmic conjunctival socket was 69.2%, and the predominant organism was S. epidermidis (38.5%). Potential pathogenic bacteria were found in 4 eyes with a 15% positive culture rate. The incidence of bacteria was significantly higher (85.4%) in patient samples with subjective symptoms compared to patients without symptoms (50%). The bacterial positive culture rate of the potential pathogen bacteria in the group with symptoms was higher at 21%, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Performing a pathogen culture test is necessary for prosthetic eye patients who complain of their symptoms. Additionally, the proper antibacterial treatment should be performed according to the antibiotics sensitivity of cultured bacteria.
Anophthalmos ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Conjunctiva ; Eye ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We report a case of orbital pseudotumor developed in an anophthalmic socket, presenting no typical symptoms or signs. METHODS: A 67-year-old woman was referred for treatment of necrotizing scleritis of her left eye and painful orbital pseudotumor of her right eye. The right eye had been removed 10 years previously. There was an irregular mass in superomedial portion of anterior orbit. Orbital MRI showed poorly defined T1 iso and low T2 signal intensity of a lesion in the medial anterior portion of the right orbit. Because systemic steroid administration was limited, 2 mg of betamethasone was injected locally, after which the size of the lesion was decreased and the orbital pain improved. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of an orbital pseudotumor developed in an anophthalmic socket may be difficult because of the lack of typical eyeball-related signs or symptoms such as proptosis, red eye, or decreased vision. But, the easy access to the lesion can provide early and effective treatment through direct injection of glucocorticoid.
Aged ; Anophthalmos* ; Betamethasone ; Diagnosis ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit* ; Orbital Pseudotumor ; Scleritis