The purpose of this research was to develop the clinical nursing process model through linked nursing diagnoses, related factors, defining characteristics, nursing interventions, nursing activities and nursing outcomes and was to make graphic user interface using the clinical nursing process model. The linked clinical record sets in the developed database system were arranged in reverse order statistically in order to construct the clinical nursing process model from the patients' database tables concerning nursing diagnoses, related factors, defining characteristics, nursing interventions, nursing activities and nursing outcomes. The arranged clinical nursing record sets were suggested as the nursing process model in a general surgery clinical unit. The nursing process model of a general surgery clinical unit could be used for its accessibility as an indicator for other medical departments. The most available clinical nursing process data were presented on only one graphic user interface window to be able to select the nursing process easily for nurses in a general surgery clinical unit. Graphic user interface programming was designed to show all related factors, defining character stics, nursing interventions, nursing activities and nursing outcomes based on a nursing diagnosis which have unique properties. Using the clinical nursing process model in this database system, it was also possible to construct the electronic nursing record system.
Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process* ; Nursing Records ; Nursing*

Angiofibroma and shagreen patches are common cutaneous manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and have significant physical and psychological repercussions for patients. Several treatments have been proposed to improve lesions; however, clear treatment guidelines have not yet been presented. Thus, we introduce a case of angiofibroma and shagreen patch improved by application of pulsed dye laser, ablative fractional CO2 laser, and topical rapamycin, and present clinical implications for the treatment of angiofibroma and shagreen patch in TSC.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative volume assessment is useful in breast reconstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography are commonly available to reconstructive surgeons in the care of a patient with breast cancer. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of breast volume measured by MRI, and to identify any factor affecting the relationship between measured breast volume and actual breast weight to derive a new model for accurate breast volume estimation. METHODS: From January 2012 to January 2013, a retrospective review was performed on a total of 101 breasts from 99 patients who had undergone total mastectomy. The mastectomy specimen weight was obtained for each breast. Mammographic and MRI data were used to estimate the volume and density. A standard statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The mean mastectomy specimen weight was 340.8 g (range, 95 to 795 g). The mean MRI-estimated volume was 322.2 mL3. When divided into three groups by the "difference percentage value", the underestimated group showed a significantly higher fibroglandular volume, higher percent density, and included significantly more Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System mammographic density grade 4 breasts than the other groups. We derived a new model considering both fibroglandular tissue volume and fat tissue volume for accurate breast volume estimation. CONCLUSIONS: MRI-based breast volume assessment showed a significant correlation with actual breast weight; however, in the case of dense breasts, the reconstructive surgeon should note that the mastectomy specimen weight tends to overestimate the volume. We suggested a new model for accurate breast volume assessment considering fibroglandular and fat tissue volume.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ; Female ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Mammaplasty ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Retrospective Studies

Perforation of the cervical esophagus after thyroidectomy is a rare complication. Esophageal perforation is usually treated conservatively with simple surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotic therapy. If complicated by abscess, it needs aggressive surgery including resection and anastomosis. But the aggressive treatments mentioned have low success and high morbidity. Herein, we report a patient with complicated deep neck infection caused by esophageal perforation following thyroidectomy, which was successfully treated with multiple vacuum-assisted closure and intravenous antibiotic therapy after the failure of simple suture and simple drainage as conservative managements.
Abscess ; Drainage ; Esophageal Perforation* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Neck ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy* ; Sutures ; Thyroidectomy*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Flexible fiberscopy is essential in the examination of the nose to larynx airway. However, the instrument is sensitive to manipulation and can sometimes be damaged when excessive external force is applied. In addition, patients can be injured during fiberscopic examination. In this regard, a airway model mimicking the human airway passage was developed for the education of fiberscopy to minimize the danger to both patient and fiberscope. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Neck CT data was used to 3D-print the airway model. Using the 3D doctor software, the outlines of the air-filled cavities were extracted. The outline data was modified to make the inside of the outline empty and the outside filled with 3D ink resin. The airway data was used to 3D-print the replica in three pieces, which were then assembled into one. Flexible laryngoscopic examination of nose to larynx was performed using the nose-to-larynx airway model, and for a male patient enrolled in the study. Virtual endoscopy was performed using the same CT data. The examination data were then compared frame by frame with regards to the shapes and positions of nasal inlet, inferior turbinate, torus tubarius, hypopharynx, epiglottis and vocal cord. RESULTS: The airway model was very similar in shape and position of the anatomic landmarks compared with real human airway examined by the fiberscope. CONCLUSION: The results of 3D-printed airway model showed similar shapes as the real human airway, and real time endoscopy could be done using the model. This technique can be extended to make models of tubed organs such as the intestine or the bronchial tree.
Anatomic Landmarks ; Bays ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Epiglottis ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Ink ; Intestines ; Larynx ; Male ; Methods ; Neck ; Nose ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Trees ; Turbinates ; Vocal Cords

Foreign body impaction in airway is life-threatening as it can cause total airway obstruction. Such foreign bodies are removed under bronchoscopy in most patients. In some patients, however, the cardiopulmonary condition becomes unstable to undergo ventilating bronchoscopy under general anesthesia to remove the foreign body. In these conditions, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be adopted for cardiopulmonary support to stabilize the patient while removing the foreign body. ECMO supports tissue oxygenation and has been shown to improve survival of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. ECMO allows lungs to reserve their functions and decreases further lung injuries. The authors report one case of extensive tracheal inflammatory crust removed by ventilating bronchoscopy under tracheostomy and ECMO.
Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchoscopy* ; Burns, Inhalation ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Tracheostomy*

The incidence of retropharyngeal abscess has been decreased with the use of antibiotics, but it can cause critical complications such as airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, mediastinitis, or sepsis. A vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device is a surgical drain that can help prevent reaccumulation of purulent collections. We present one case of retropharyngeal abscess treated by VAC and highlight the utility of VAC in the management of retropharyngeal abscess.
Airway Obstruction ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Incidence ; Mediastinitis ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy* ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Retropharyngeal Abscess* ; Sepsis

Background: Umbilical skin lesions are rare but diverse and are rarely diagnosed by biopsy. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of umbilical skin lesions that require histopathological investigation and to aid in the diagnosis of diseases in patients with umbilical skin lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients who visited Korea University Medical center for umbilical skin lesions between January 2008 and December 2019. Age, sex, clinical features, etiologies, and histopathological features were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Results: In total, 41 cases of histologically confirmed umbilical lesions were observed. There were 29 female patients (70.73%). The lesions included hypertrophic scars (11/41), epidermal cysts (7/41), verruca (6/41), seborrheic keratosis (4/41), nevus (4/41), steatocystoma (2/41), and one case each of endometriosis, hidrocystoma, neurofibroma, soft fibroma, foreign body granuloma, tick bite, and heterotopic gastric mucosa. Conclusion The most common umbilical skin lesions were hypertrophic scars, probably because of the increasing number of laparoscopic surgeries. Compared to the known trends in other countries, fewer biopsies were performed on the umbilical lesions for the diagnosis of metastatic cancer in this study, which might have been due to the low incidence of advanced gastric cancer and the early detection of cancer through endoscopy and computed tomography scan in Korea. Clinically, changes in treatment modality and diagnostic development can alter the frequency of the previously well-recognized diseases; therefore, medical personnel should be aware of the changing incidence of related diseases.

Background: Umbilical skin lesions are rare but diverse and are rarely diagnosed by biopsy. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of umbilical skin lesions that require histopathological investigation and to aid in the diagnosis of diseases in patients with umbilical skin lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients who visited Korea University Medical center for umbilical skin lesions between January 2008 and December 2019. Age, sex, clinical features, etiologies, and histopathological features were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Results: In total, 41 cases of histologically confirmed umbilical lesions were observed. There were 29 female patients (70.73%). The lesions included hypertrophic scars (11/41), epidermal cysts (7/41), verruca (6/41), seborrheic keratosis (4/41), nevus (4/41), steatocystoma (2/41), and one case each of endometriosis, hidrocystoma, neurofibroma, soft fibroma, foreign body granuloma, tick bite, and heterotopic gastric mucosa. Conclusion The most common umbilical skin lesions were hypertrophic scars, probably because of the increasing number of laparoscopic surgeries. Compared to the known trends in other countries, fewer biopsies were performed on the umbilical lesions for the diagnosis of metastatic cancer in this study, which might have been due to the low incidence of advanced gastric cancer and the early detection of cancer through endoscopy and computed tomography scan in Korea. Clinically, changes in treatment modality and diagnostic development can alter the frequency of the previously well-recognized diseases; therefore, medical personnel should be aware of the changing incidence of related diseases.