PURPOSE: It is critical that evidence from research is applied to everyday nursing practice to improve the quality of care and health outcomes. Aims of this study were to review high-risk infant related studies published in major nursing and non-nursing journals in Korea and to assess the quality of intervention studies. METHODS: Through the Korean literature search engine of RISS.KR the authors identified 132 studies, and two researchers evaluated each of these studies using the analysis criteria. The quality of intervention studies was assessed using the van Tulder Scale. RESULTS: Among the studies, 40.2% were either thesis or dissertation and 86.4% were quantitative studies. Convenience sampling was the most commonly used sampling method. All experimental studies were quasi-experiment except one pre-experiment study. Sensory stimulation and kangaroo care were the most common interventions for high-risk infants. Over half of the intervention studies were assessed to be "low risk of bias" but both randomization and blinding processes were not adequately satisfied in most of the studies. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that high-risk infants are more likely to be recruited for experimental studies but types of interventions were very limited. To provide evidence-based care for high-risk infants, rigorously conducted experimental studies should be encouraged.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Clinical Trial* ; Korea ; Macropodidae ; Nursing ; Random Allocation ; Search Engine

BACKGROUND: External quality assessment (EQA) is important for standardizing cancer biomarker assays, thereby, ensuring accurate and precise results. Although the human epididymis-specific protein 4 (HE4) assay has been increasingly used to detect and monitor ovarian malignancy in Korea, a nation-wide EQA program for HE4 has not been appropriately established. To conduct an EQA program, a large amount of quality control (QC) materials are required. This study aimed to produce HE4 QC materials for an EQA program and evaluate their homogeneity and stability. METHODS: QC materials for three different concentrations of HE4 were produced from the collected remnant sera of 275 patients for whom the HE4 assays were performed. These materials were evaluated for homogeneity between vials and stability during storage. The frozen QC materials were distributed to 13 representative organizations for a provisional EQA. RESULTS: The total coefficient of variation of the HE4 QC materials of three concentrations was 0.75%–1.24%, and no significant differences were noted between vials; therefore, the samples were considered to be homogenous. With respect to stability, the HE4 QC materials were found to be stable till 30 days when frozen and for 24 hours when refrigerated. The results of the provisional HE4 EQA were reviewed and the survey results were reported to each participant. CONCLUSIONS: The HE4 QC materials produced from remnant specimens were found to be homogenous between vials and stable in a frozen condition until 30 days. The findings of this study may be practically applied for establishing a future HE4 EQA program.
Epididymis ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Quality Control

According to recent research, Korean women are very interested in calf reduction. Asian women want to have slim and straight legs more than Occidental women. Thick calves are divided by three types. One is muscular hypertrophy type and another is lipodystrophy type, and the other is mixed type. The authors focused on medial gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy using radiofrequency generator. From July 2004 to July 2007, We did calf reductions for women who wanted to have aesthetically slim legs. Under intravenous anesthesia, we made a tiny pin hole with 18 gauze needle and injected local anesthetics. Radiofrequency probe(Dr. Oppel(R) radiofrequency, Sometech Medical Co.) was inserted and then We produced radiofrequency energy with a foot switch and made mean 150-200 points focal coagulation necrosis at each medial gastrocnemius muscle. There were little major complications such as seroma, hematoma, infection, gait disturbance, scar, sensory change etc. Some patients had moderate swelling during first week, but it was improved soon. Calf reduction using radiofrequency energy is very useful tool for hypertrophied medial gastrocnemius muscle. But we need more study for standardization of energy power, for certain amount of muscle damage to have reproducibility for predictability of durability and for possibility of rebound hypertrophy.
Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthetics, Local ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Foot ; Gait ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Leg ; Lipodystrophy ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Seroma

Classic hemophilia, (hemophilia A), is an X-linked hereditary bleeding disorder affecting half of the male offspring of female carriers. Prenatal diagnosis offers an option, namely to restrict abortions to hemophilic fetuses only, and thus retain the chance of bearing normal sons. Recently, the authors have made a prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in an obligate carrier with a male fetus at 24 weeks of gestation by pure fetal sampling and accurate factor VIII coagulant assay, which was repeatedly less than 1% at 28 weeks of gestation.
Adult ; Factor VIII/analysis ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/*diagnosis ; Hemophilia A/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; *Prenatal Diagnosis

Angiodysplasia has been recognized as an important cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but it is difficult to confirm the lesions. Angiodysplasia in the small bowel could be the most probable cause of bleeding particularly in the elderly patients when usual methods fail to document the focus. Small bowel angiodysplasias have been diagnosed by angiography and/or surgery at the sites where usual endoscope could not reach, and treated by medical therapy, angiographic embolization or surgery. We experienced a case of a bleeding angiodysplasia in the terminal ileum in a 51-year-old man who was taking anti-platelet agents. The lesion was diagnosed by colonoscopy, and bleeding was easily controlled with hemoclipping.
Aged ; Angiodysplasia* ; Angiography ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopes ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ileum* ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel release is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by hand surgeons. The authors created a surgical simulation of open carpal tunnel release utilizing a mobile and rehearsal platform app. This study was performed in order to validate the simulator as an effective training platform for carpal tunnel release. METHODS: The simulator was evaluated using a number of metrics: construct validity (the ability to identify variability in skill levels), face validity (the perceived ability of the simulator to teach the intended material), content validity (that the simulator was an accurate representation of the intended operation), and acceptability validity (willingness of the desired user group to adopt this method of training). Novices and experts were recruited. Each group was tested, and all participants were assigned an objective score, which served as construct validation. A Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to gauge face, content, and acceptability validity. RESULTS: Twenty novices and 10 experts were recruited for this study. The objective performance scores from the expert group were significantly higher than those of the novice group, with surgeons scoring a median of 74% and medical students scoring a median of 45%. The questionnaire responses indicated face, content, and acceptability validation. CONCLUSIONS: This mobile-based surgical simulation platform provides step-by-step instruction for a variety of surgical procedures. The findings of this study help to demonstrate its utility as a learning tool, as we confirmed construct, face, content, and acceptability validity for carpal tunnel release. This easy-to-use educational tool may help bring surgical education to a new—and highly mobile—level.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Education ; Hand ; Humans ; Learning ; Methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Medical ; Surgeons

Neuro-tracing approach is a great option to study innervation of the visceral organs including the kidneys. Important factors contributing to the success of this technique include the choice of a neuro-tracer, and delivery methods to result in successful labeling of peripheral sensory and motor ganglia. The neuro-tracer is usually applied directly to the kidney accessed via a surgical opening of the abdominal wall under deep anesthesia. A series of local microinjections of the dye are performed followed by a wound closure, and recovery period from the surgery. An extra care should be taken to prevent neuro-tracer spillage and accidental labeling of the surrounding organs during injections of the dye. Retrograde neuro-tracers like Fast Blue do not cross synapses, therefore, only neuronal bodies located within dorsal root ganglion neurons and major peripheral ganglia will be labeled by this approach. Retrogradely labeled peripheral neurons could be freshly isolated and dissociated for electrophysiological recordings and biochemical analyses (gene and protein expression), whereas the whole fixed ganglia could be sectioned to undergo immunohisto- and immunocytochemical targeted staining.
Abdominal Wall ; Anesthesia ; Ganglia ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Kidney* ; Microinjections ; Neurons ; Synapses ; Wounds and Injuries

Anatomy is knowledge about structure and function of human body. However, with on medical course the vast amount of content, many students have difficulties and burdens about anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bingo game to improve understanding and learning effect of anatomy. This study was carried out in September, 2018, at 53 medical students. After conducting the bingo, the students were asked about the usefulness, grade reflection, concern, continuation, necessity, appropriate time and interest of bingo. And the relationship between bingo results and grades was also investigated. A total of seven bingo games were with an average of 3.6 bingo (0-11). There was a positive response to the usefulness (3.74 ± 0.92), interest (3.94 ± 0.82), continuation (3.55 ± 1.10), necessity (3.51 ± 1.01), and concern (3.72 ± 1.01) of bingo. However, the appropriateness of the time was neutral (3.26 ± 1.02), and there were negative opinions about grade reflection of bingo (1.40 ± 0.86). The grade of anatomy subject showed a positive correlation with the results of the bingo, but did not reach statistical significance (r = 207, p = 0.088). In addition to anatomy, histology, microbiology, and pharmacology were also considered to be useful educational methods for bingo. Bingo may be useful in medical school curriculum, especially in Anatomy. More research is needed to improve learning efficiency through bingo.

Anatomy is knowledge about structure and function of human body. However, with on medical course the vast amount of content, many students have difficulties and burdens about anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bingo game to improve understanding and learning effect of anatomy. This study was carried out in September, 2018, at 53 medical students. After conducting the bingo, the students were asked about the usefulness, grade reflection, concern, continuation, necessity, appropriate time and interest of bingo. And the relationship between bingo results and grades was also investigated. A total of seven bingo games were with an average of 3.6 bingo (0-11). There was a positive response to the usefulness (3.74 ± 0.92), interest (3.94 ± 0.82), continuation (3.55 ± 1.10), necessity (3.51 ± 1.01), and concern (3.72 ± 1.01) of bingo. However, the appropriateness of the time was neutral (3.26 ± 1.02), and there were negative opinions about grade reflection of bingo (1.40 ± 0.86). The grade of anatomy subject showed a positive correlation with the results of the bingo, but did not reach statistical significance (r = 207, p = 0.088). In addition to anatomy, histology, microbiology, and pharmacology were also considered to be useful educational methods for bingo. Bingo may be useful in medical school curriculum, especially in Anatomy. More research is needed to improve learning efficiency through bingo.

Radioiodine-refractory distant metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are rare but pose a significant diagnostic and management challenge. Follicular thyroid carcinoma which is a type of well-differentiated carcinoma, is known for its hematogenous spread. Various sites of distant metastasis have been described. We report the first-ever case of radioiodine-refractory metastasis at the cavernous sinus, arising from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The atypical site of metastasis and management complexity of radioiodine-refractory disease is discussed in this article.