Aim To study the in vitro and in vivo an-tioxidant activity of Inula nervosa wall. in order to le-gitimately use the resources of I. nervosa. Methods The medicinal ingredients of aboveground and under-ground parts of I. nervosa were extracted by different extraction methods. Ultrasonic extractions from differ-ent parts were compared by their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. Results Ultrasound alcohol ex-traction had the highest content of total phenols and fla-vonoids, with the content of total phenolics much high-er than that of total flavonoids. Ultrasound alcohol ex-tractions had very good scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radical, with the extraction from underground part more effective than extraction from aboveground part. Ultrasound alcohol extractions significantly increased the level of catalase ( CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capaci-ty (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activi-ty and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver, kidney and serum in drenching aging mice. The antioxidant activity of high concentration of the ex-traction from aerial part was equivalent to that of low concentration of the extraction from underground part. Conclusions Ultrasound alcohol extractions of I. ner-vosa have very good scavenging effect on free radicals, which indicates good antioxidant ability. Antioxidant activity of underground part is much stronger than that of the aboveground part.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical traits,pathogenesis and TCM stepwise treatments of urinary tract infection(UTI) based on symptom differentiation among elderly patients.METHODS Because of the whole and the partial immune defense function descending,the elderly patients easily suffered from UTI,which was characterized by non-typical symptom,complex and serious condition.In the aspects of the pathogenesis of UTI among elderly patients,the principal aspect of which was the deficiency of the kidney and spleen(weakened body resistance)and the secondary incidental was accumulated damp-heat in the lower warmer(affected pathogenic factor),viz weaken healthy qi and excessive pathogenic factor.Hence during the clinical treatment we should attach importance to regulate entire faculty condition.Considering the acute attack stage and non-acute phase,we will differently inflict therapies of clearing away the heat-evil,dissolving dampness,treating stranguria,hemostasis,and invigorating spleen and kidney assisted by treating stranguria and so on,according to differentiation of symptoms and treatments,in which way we could give attention to both the principal and the secondary aspects of a disease.RESULTS The TCM stepwise therapy of UTI among elderly patients had the characteristics of high efficacy,few side reactions and stable long-term curative effects.CONCLUSIONS The TCM therapy of UTI among elderly patients has more potentiality and predominance,which deserves further study.

AIM:To observe the effects and mechanisms of hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4 on no-reflow phenomenon after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group , ischemia-reperfusion ( IR, treated with normal saline ) group, normal saline ischemia-reperfusion (NS-IR, treated with NS) group and HES ischemia-reperfusion (HES-IR, treated with HES) group.Myocardial infarct size and no-reflow range were determined by staining methods , and the activities of myocardial enzymes ( CK-MB, cTnI and MPO) were measured .Meanwhile , cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of the rat were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) group, NS-H/R group and HES-H/R group.Acute ischemia reper-fusion models were simulated , and the concentration of calcium ions was measured .The relative cell activity was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In HES-IR group, the myocardial in-farct size, the no-reflow zone, CK-MB, cTnI and MPO activity were all significantly lower than those in IR group ( P<0.05).In microvascular endothelial cells , the concentration of calcium ions and the apoptotic rate in HES-H/R group were significantly decreased, while the relative cell activity increased compared with H/R group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:HES reduces no-reflow in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion .The mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of both the infiltration of neutrophils and the calcium overload of endothelial cells .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and prevention of urinary tract infections in chronic renal failure(CRF) patients.METHODS An analysis of pathogens and clinical characteristics of 96 hospitalized patients with CRF complicating urinary tract infections was performed.RESULTS Among CRF patients complicating urinary system infections,the most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(51.03%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(12.50%),Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.46),etc.There were no significant difference between symptom group and non-symptom group.But they were obviously more among senile patients over 60 years old in the asymptomatic group,accounted for 67.50% and significantly higher than that in symptomatic group(39.29%,P

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus positive cases including confirmed cases with clinical symptoms and asymptomatic infected cases in Guangzhou.Methods:Epidemiological data were collected on the nucleic acid positive cases of COVID-19 in Guangzhou from January to September 2020. The epidemiological characteristics, the distribution of time intervals between the confirmed/isolation date and the date of the first positive detection were analyzed, at last the influencing factors for the confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected persons were discussed.Results:From January 7 to September 4 in 2020, a total of 1 097 nucleic acid positive cases were identified, including 658 confirmed cases (59.98%) and 439 asymptomatic infected cases (40.02%). Among the 658 confirmed cases, the median age was 42 years old, the cases indicated two significant peaks. one of the peaks was related to the imported and associated cases from Hubei province, and the other peak was connected with individuals from overseas. In terms of 439 asymptomatic infected cases, the median age was 32 years old. There were two stages in these cases. The first stage followed the second peak of confirmed cases, and the second stage overlapped with the confirmed cases in Guangzhou when the epidemic was in a period of normal prevention and control, mainly related to imported cases from abroad. The asymptomatic infected persons accounted for 57.32% in all the imported infected cases. In both of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, the positive rate of pharyngeal swabs was higher than that of nasopharyngeal swabs and anal swabs. There were statistically significant differences in age, source of infection and gender composition between confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected persons ( P<0.05). Older age groups were more likely to have clinical symptoms, with ≥40 years being the risk factor for confirmed cases (OR=2.334, P=0.001), and 20-39 years less likely to have clinical symptoms (OR=0.620, P=0.047), compared with the 0-19 years old group. Compared with those infected in China, those infected abroad were less likely to develop clinical symptoms and became confirmed cases (OR=0.723, P=0.013). Women were more likely to have clinical symptoms than men (OR=1.574, P=0.001). Conclusions:At present, asymptomatic infected persons and confirmed patients with clinical symptoms co-existed, and the number of asymptomatic infected patients was higher than that of confirmed cases in Guangzhou. High age, domestic infection and female may be risk factors for confirmed cases. It was of great value to further explore these underlying mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of the COVID-19.

Objective:To identify a strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient and to investigate its biological characteristics.Methods:The strain was analyzed by several methods including Gram staining, biochemical identification, 16S rRNA and recN gene sequencing, average nucleotide identity (ANI), antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of drug resistance and virulence genes. Results:The strain was Gram-positive cocci and formed α-hemolytic colonies on the blood plate. It was identified as Streptococcus parasuis by 16S rRNA, recN gene and whole-genome sequencing. It was sensitive to multiple antibiotics and carried the genes encoding a variety of virulence factors such as adhesion. Conclusions:Streptococcus parasuis could cause human infection and be identified by whole-genome sequencing.