To compare the performance of self-inflating bag (SIB) with T-piece resuscitator (TPR) in neonatal resuscitation.Methods:This study involved the trainees participating in a Neonatal Resuscitation Simulation Camp (NRSC) organized by Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital in December 2019. They were trained to provide positive pressure ventilation with the two devices on artificial lungs. Ventilation parameters including peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), PIP in pulmonary alveoli (PIP alv), mean airway pressure (MAP), frequency, inspiratory time (Ti), tidal volume and minute ventilation volume were recorded and analyzed by independent sample t-test or rank sum test. Results:The PIP alv, PIP, oxygen flow rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation volume delivered by TPR were significantly lower than those by SIB [(17.18±1.61) vs (24.05±4.29) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), t=－6.87; (17.91±1.35) vs (29.97±4.50) cmH 2O, t=－14.06; (3.65±0.25) vs (6.88±1.59) L/min, t=－11.33; (15.90±1.81) vs (24.02±4.29) ml/min, t=－10.99; (664.71±88.94) vs (1 069.49±205.68) ml/min, t=－9.89; all P<0.001]. However, compared with SIB, the PEEP in pulmonary alveoli, Ti, duration of ventilation, inspiratory to expiratory ratio were increased when using TPR [(4.76(4.69-5.57) vs 0.19(0.12-4.10) cmH 2O, T=1 190.00; (0.59±0.15) vs (0.43±0.09) s, t=5.01; (1.46±0.23) vs (1.36±0.11) s, t=2.15; 0.71±0.22 vs 0.47±0.13, t=5.14; all P<0.05]. Conclusion:TPR could deliver more stable and safer PIP, PEEP and tidal volume than SIB and keeping MAP at a stable level during positive pressure ventilation on artificial lungs.