OBJECTIVE:To improve hospital dispensing system and reduce dispensing error. METHODS: The causes of 65 cases of dispensing error occurred in outpatient pharmacy were analyzed by employing total quality management (TQM) method from 5 aspects: human,machine,material,method and environment. RESULTS: Among the 5 kinds of factors,the "human" factor took the lead,which accounted for 83% of the dispensing errors. Quality control carried out aimed at the primary factor contributed to the reduction of dispensing error cases,down from previous annual average 16 cases to 1 case of the first 10 month in 2008. CONCLUSION: TQM method contributed to the reduction of dispensing error rate in hospital outpatient pharmacy.

[Objective] To study the bone metabolic biochemical index of the aged patients with hip fracture,for better predicting the future risk of the old people' s hip fracture.[Method]50 cases of sufferers(over 60 years old) with hip fracture(28 males,and 22 females) and 30 cases of healthy aged people(15 males,and 15 females) were selected to analyze Ⅰ Collagen crosslinked c-telopeptide(ICTP),deoxypyridino line(Dpd) in urine,and serum bone glaprotein(BGP).[Result](1)The mean level of ICTP and Dpd in urine in aged hip fracture group was higherthan that of the control group(P0.05).[Conclusion]Bone absorbability in the aged hip fracture patients is higher than in the aged healthy people.The analysis of ICTP and Dpd in urine may /might give some reference value in preventing and treatlng aged hip fracture patients.

BACKGROUND: The skill to culture osteoblasts primarily has been well developed, however, variousdigestive enzymes can affect membrane protein of osteoblasts when they are used on primary tissue separately.OBJECTIVE: To avoid the damage from enzyme to cell as best possible,digest cranial osseous tissue with collagenase in DMEM containing fetal bovine serum and carry out in vitro culture of osteoblasts, then observe the effect of collagenase in DMEM containing fetal bovine serum on the digestion of osteoblasts.DESIGN: Control experiment.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March to December 2004. Two Japanese white rabbits with big ears that were pregnant for 28 days were used in the experiment.METHODS: Type I collagenase with the same batch number was prepared into 0.1% collagenase with fetal bovine serum and 0.1% collagenase without fetal bovine serum by using culture medium containing 0.15 volume fraction of fetal bovine serum and DMEM solution respectively, serving as the enzyme digestive juice A and B for experimental group and control group respectively. Abdominal delivery was performed to take ont the fetal rabbit which was at embryonic 28 days under aseptic condition.Then, craniums of fetal rabbits were dissected, rinsed and chipped into pieces. 5 mL solution A and 5 mL solution B were added into the experimental group and control group at 37℃, respectively. Culture solution containing 0.15 volume fraction of fetal bovine serum was gradiently diluted into 0,1,2 and 4 folds in each group, and continued to digest and culture osteoblasts. The cellular survival rate was measured with trypan blue staining, and the osteoblast and its purity were identified with alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining. Cellular growth was observed under the microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Cellular survival rate of two groups was detected with trypan blue staining. ② Cellular purity of two groups was detected with ALP staining in the cells. ③Cellular growth was distinguished by observing cellular morphology under the microscope.RESULTS: ① Results of trypan blue staining: Through cell counting, the rate of cells, which refused to be stained, of the experimental group reached 98%, and the cellular survival rate was high; that of control group reached 95%, and the cellular survival rate was also very high. ② Results of ALP staining in the cells: The area of ALP staining positive of experimental group was not less than 95%, and cellular purity was very high; but that of control group was not more than 75%, and cellular purity was very low. ③ Observation results under the microscope: Cells of experimental group were well stacked, convex and stereoscopic, they grew prosperously and had enough nutrition; while those of control group were not significantly in comparison with experimental group.CONCLUSION: Collagenase containing fetal bovine serum is used to digest the osseous tissue of cranium of fetal rabbits, and the cultured osteoblasts have typical properties of osteoblasts with simple component and high survival rate.

Objective　To manufacture adriamycin-porous tricalcium phosphate (A-PTCP) ceramic drug delivery system (DDS)as a possible method for bone defect treatment after bone tumor operation. Methods　A-PTCP DDS was made from putting adriamycin into PTCP. Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into group A(24 rabbits) and group B(6 rabbits). A-PTCP was implanted in the greater trochanter of the right femur in group A. Adriamycin were injected into veins in group B. Muscle around A-PTCP and plasma were taken out at different period. Adriamycin concentrations in muscle and plasma were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results　A-PTCP could gradually release adriamycin over 10 weeks. Adriamycin concentrations in the muscle were higher than that in plasma. Conclusion　A-PTCP may be a new method for repairing bone defects after bone tumor operation.

Background and purpose:The screening of the genes being related closely with the mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis was a difficult point in the realm of orthopaedics.We screened differential expression gene of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines with different metastatic capabilities with cDNA microarray,and studied the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis.Methods:Total RNA of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines A1 and A2 was extracted,purified to mRNA and then reversely transcripted to cDNA probe respectively.The cDNA probe of A1 was labelled with Cy3 and the cDNA probe of A2 was labelled with Cy5.The two samples were hybridized with the cDNA microarray.The hybridization signals were scanned by Agilent Scanner and obtained data were analyzed using Ima Gene 3.0 software and Genespring software.Results:222 differential expression genes were found between cell sublines A1 and A2 by analyzing gene expression profile.There were 119 upregulated genes and 103 downregulated genes in cell sublines A1.All differential expression genes belonged to six main function groups and 49 genes of these had very obvious differentce in expression.Conclusions:There were many differently expressed genes between A1 and A2 cell sublines and only part of them were closely associated with mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis.The technology of cDNA microarray could analyze effectively gene expression profile of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines, and supply a new approach to study the mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis

Objective:After construction and identification of HBsAg gene recombinant backbone adenoviral vector,it is to prouduct HBsAg gene recombinant adenoviruses by packing PAd-Easy-1-HBs in 293 cells.Methods:The gene of interest was amplified from plasmid pEcob-6 PCR, the gene of interest which contained HBsAg gene was cloned into on adenoviral shuttle vector pAd-track-cmv. The pAd-track-cmv-HBs was linearized by digesting with restriction endonuclease Pme-1, and subsequently cotransformed into E.coli BJ-5183 cells with an adenoviral backbone vector pAd-Easy-1, Homologous recombinants were performed in bacterial cells. Finally, the linearized backbone adenoviral vector was transfected into adenoviruses packing cells lines,e.g. 293 cell by lipofectamine transfection. Transfections and viral productions can be minotored by green fluorescent protein(GFP). The expression of HBsAg in supermatant was investigated by ELISA. It was a certain HBsAg vaccine to amplify recombinant adenoviruses by repeating the infevtion cell to collect the viral supermatant.Results:GFP expression was visible by fluorescence microscopy after transfection. Adenoviral titer was monitored by GFP expression. GFP expression was visible after repeating the infection cell using the viral supernatant in more than 90 percent of the cells.The HBsAg also expressed in supermatant.Conclusion:HBsAg gene recombinant adenoviral backbone vector has been constructed successfully. HBsAg gene recombinant adenoviruses have been producted by packing in 293 cells. The study provides the possibility of further researches on the development of new anti-HBV vaccines.

[Objective]To analyse the imaging findings of thoracic and lumbar fibrous dysplasia and evaluate the imaging characteristics.[Method]Among 5 cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of thoracic and lumbar spines,4 were imaged with CT scaning,2 with MRI and 5 with X-ray.All materials were analysed.[Result]Each X-ray revealed a round or oval radiolucent lesion surrounded by a distinct and thick rim of sclerosis.CT showed a round or oval low-density lesion with a high-density borderline between the lesion and normal vertebral bone tissue.Bone cortex remained intact in all cases.The lesion showed homogeneous long T1 signal on T1WI and hypo-or isointensity signal on T2WI.There was a characteristic hypointensity loop surrounded the lesion on T1WI,T2WI and PdWI.The lesion was demonstrated obviously in the contrast enhancement of scanning.[Conclusion]Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of thoracic and lumbar spine shows distinctive imaging characteristics that are different from dysplasia of limb bone or skull.These characteristics are decisive in the diagnosis of the lesion.

[Objective]To investigate the relationship between degeneration of cartilage and the expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7(MMP-7),Matrix Metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9),Matrix Metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13)and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1)in osteoarthritis.[Method]The histological changes of cartilages by hematoxyllin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7(MMP-7),Matrix Metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9),Matrix Metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13)and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1)in osteoarthritis.were studied in 20 osteoarthritis cases and 2 normal controls.All data were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and correlation analysis.[Result]The osteoarthritis cartilage underwent fibroplasias and tearing.The quantity of chondrocyte increased and the clustered and hypertrophic cells came into being.Little immunostaining of MMP-7 and MMP-13 was observed in normal cartilage,while their expressions increased in degenerated cartilage(P0.05),superficial layer of the moderate and end-stage osteoarthritis.However,it significantly increased in deep layer(P

[Objective]To prove the feasibility of using the distance between sagittal plane of the spinal process and the enter point to individualize the placing of pedicle screw.[Method]Thirty spine specimen were collected and divided into two groups,data were measured,such as the width of the pedicle,distance between the enter point and anterior border of the vertebra,distance between sagittal plane of the spinal process and the enter point,angle from the longitudinal axis of the pedicle to sagittal axis of the vertebra,angle from the longitudinal axis of the pedicle to vertical line of the operating table.In group one the pedicle screws were placed with the help of the distance between sagittal plane of the spinal process and the enter point,the other by the method advised by Ebraheim.CT scan was applied to evaluate the place of the screws,according to the perforation extent,they were classified into 4 grades:A=totally in the pedicle;B=perforation extent4mm.[Result]The individualized group showed much lower perforation rate than the traditional method group in T3~10,and similar in T1,T2,T11,12.[Conclusion]It can obviously improve the accuracy of the pedicle screw placement to use the distance between sagittal plane of the spinal process and the enter point to localize the enter point,especially when anatomic landmark such as articulationes zygapophysiales and transverse process change.

[Objective]To explore the effect of tacrolimus on expression of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)in rat spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury.[Method]Fifty male rats were randomly divided into normal group,injury group and treatment group.Models of peripheral nerve injury were established by transection of bilateral sciatic nerve at 0.5 cm distal to piriform muscle.Then treatment group received subcutaneous injection of tacrolimus(1 mg/kg)at the back of the neck,while injury group received 0.9 % saline.The L4~6 spinal cords were harvested at various time points after surgery.Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the level and position of HGF in the spinal cord.[Result]HGF-positive neurons were located in anterior horn,intermediate zone and posterior horn of gray matter in normal spinal cord.There was no significant difference in the expressions of HGF between injury group and normal group,while the expression of HGF was significantly higher in treatment group than that in injury group at 7 and 14 days after surgery.[Conclusion]Peripheral nerve injury does not up-regulate the expression of HGF in spinal cord,while tacrolimus can induce high expression of endogenous HGF after injury to protect neurons and promote axonal outgrowth.