By using distraction osteogenesis technique, 3 cases of mandibular hypoplasia were treated by home-made and German-made jaw distractors: including one patient suffered from bilateral ankylosis of temporo-mandibular joint and 2 patients from deficiency of mandible. The duration of distraction osteogenesis was one month. The bone distractor was removed 3 months after operation. Satisfactory results were obtained in all 3 cases. Distraction osteogenesis can successfully be used in mandibular functional reconstruction and has much more advantages than traditional technique.
Ankylosis/etiology ; Ankylosis/surgery ; Bone Transplantation ; Mandible/*abnormalities ; Mandible/*surgery ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; *Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Temporomandibular Joint

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Tooth Ankylosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Tooth Extraction ; methods ; Tooth Root ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications

Ankylosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; injuries ; Mandibular Fractures ; complications ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; injuries ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; etiology

This article summarized the advances in treatment and research of temporomandibular joint surgery in the last 5 years which was presented in "The 2nd Condyle Fracture and Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Symposium". The content includes 5 parts: non-surgical treatment of children condyle fracture and long-term follow-up, the improvement of operative approach for condyle fracture and key techniques, the importance and the method for the simultanesous reduction of disc in condylar fracture treatment, the development of traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis similar to hypertrophic non-union and the improved safety and accuracy by applying digital surgery in joint surgery.
Ankylosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; injuries ; Mandibular Fractures ; complications ; therapy ; Temporomandibular Joint ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; etiology

By using distraction osteogenesis technique, 3 cases of mandibular hypoplasia were treated by home-made and German-made jaw distractors: including one patient suffered from bilateral ankylosis of temporo-mandibular joint and 2 patients from deficiency of mandible. The duration of distraction osteogenesis was one month. The bone distractor was removed 3 months after operation. Satisfactory results were obtained in all 3 cases. Distraction osteogenesis can successfully be used in mandibular functional reconstruction and has much more advantages than traditional technique.
Adolescent ; Ankylosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Mandible ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Temporomandibular Joint

OBJECTIVETo explore the optimal method for the treatment of the elbow joint stiffness accompanied with neural injury after electrical injury.

METHODSThirty adult cadaver elbows were fixed and dissected to observe the attachments of the ligaments and the muscles around the joint, and its relationship with the major nerves. Ten patients with electric burns with stiffness of the elbow joint were treated by means of loosening the anterior and posterior fascicles of radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, at the same time down shifting the insertion of flexor muscles, replacing the ulnar nerve anteriorly, in order to reconstruct flexor and extension functions of the elbow. The effect was evaluated with biomechanics criteria.

RESULTSThrough anatomical study, it was revealed that contracture of the posterior fascicles of the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and triceps brachii muscle would result in stiffness of the elbow joint, and contracture due to disuse of the two anterior fascicles of the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and M.biceps brachii would produce flexion deformity of the elbow joint. Postoperatively, the functions of the elbow joints of all the 10 patients recovered satisfactorily. Follow-up from 1 to 3 years showed no change in the range of flexion and extension movements of the elbows, and on the contrary, mobility of the elbow joints was improved.

CONCLUSIONLoosening of the anterior and posterior fascicles of the two collateral ligaments and replacement of insertions of biceps and triceps are pivotal in the treatment of stiffness of the elbow joint. Meanwhile lowering the origins of forearm flexor muscles on epicondylus and replacing anteriorly the ulnar nerve can further improve the flexion, function of the joint and relieve compression of the nerve.

Adult ; Ankylosis ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Burns, Electric ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Elbow Joint ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

This case demonstrates a rarely reported bilateral scapulohumeral bony ankylosis. A young woman developed extensive heterotopic ossifications (HOs) in both shoulder joints after being mechanically ventilated for several months at the intensive care unit in a comatose status. She presented with a severe movement restriction of both shoulder joints. Surgical resection of the bony bridges was performed in 2 separate sessions with a significant improvement of shoulder function afterwards. No postoperative complications, pain, or recurrence of HOs were noted at 1-year follow-up. Mechanical ventilation, immobilization, neuromuscular blockage, and prolonged sedation are known risk factors for the development of HOs in the shoulder joints. Relatively early surgical resection of the HOs can be performed safely in contrary to earlier belief. Afterwards, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or radiation therapy can be possible treatment modalities to prevent recurrence of HOs.
Adult ; *Ankylosis/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/etiology/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Respiration, Artificial/*adverse effects ; *Shoulder Joint/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo figure out the incidence and etiology of knee extension limitation and then to find out the proper methods of arthroscopic assisted diagnosis and treatment.

METHODSWe reviewed 303 cases of arthroscopic assisted operation from January to October 2003, 95 cases of which suffered from knee extension limitation before operation, including 54 male and 41female and the mean age was 36.2 years old. The direct reasons of knee extension limitation were identified by routine arthroscopic examination and operations were carried out according to results of the examination.

RESULTSIncidence of knee extension limitation in this group of patients was 31.4%. Trauma, mainly meniscus and ligament injury accounted for 67.4%, which was the most common reason of knee extension limitation. Acute or chronic arthritis like degenerative arthritis, non-specific synovitis, synovial chondromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, gouty arthritis and acute pyogenic arthritis formed another common reason. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 20 months, average 13.3 months. 82 cases gained full extension immediately after operation, 9 cases gained full extension after 3 weeks rehabilitation post-operation, 4 cases did not gain full extension 1 year after operation, recurrence was observed in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONSArthroscopy is the best method for diagnosis of knee extension limitation at present. Satisfactory results can be expected after early arthroscopic assisted treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankylosis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Ankylosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hip ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; complications ; Paraplegia ; complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the patterns of condylar fractures associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) and treatment methods and results based on the different types of ankylosis.

METHODSForty-two joints of ankylosis in 31 patients with were categorized to four groups according to Sawhney's classification and undergone surgical treatment as follows: a joint release and disc reposition for Type I ankylosis, a dissection of bony block and disc reposition for Type II; a dissection of full-joint and employment of the temporal myofascial flap as interposition for Type III; a radically dissection of full joint followed by ramus distraction osteogenesis and genioplasty for Type IV. All of patients were followed up for 9 to 54 months with an average of 30 months. The range of mouth opening and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function were assessed. Condylar fractures were retrospectively investigated on the patterns and the course of ankylosis development. Macroscopical visualization on the osseously ankylosed sites and disc displacement were analyzed in comparison with the radiological findings.

RESULTSCondylar sagittal and comminuted fractures were most susceptible to TMJA. Early fibrous ankylosis occurred usually at the 4th or 5th month post-traumatically with an average month opening of 18.3 mm. The articular discs were found displaced in all cases and early bony bridge formed at a limited area where there was no disc as cushion. During fellow-up, considerable improvement in mandibular movement was attained with a stable joint function and mouth opening range of over 30 mm except for two cases in which ankylosis relapsed.

CONCLUSIONSCondylar sagittal and comminuted fractures are most likely to cause ankylosis. Early surgical intervention could reduce the disc and avoid the later ankylosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankylosis ; classification ; etiology ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle ; injuries ; surgery ; Mandibular Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; injuries ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; classification ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult