No abstract available.
Ankle Injuries* ; Ankle*

Accessory muscles are relatively rare anatomic duplications of muscles that may appear anywhere in the muscular system. Though a wide array of accessory and supernumery muscles involving the ankle have been described in the literature, this is the first reported case we are aware of that features two accessory muscles. Accessory muscles are typically asymptomatic and often picked up as incidental findings but are important to be identified in the presence of chronic persistent ankle pain and the absence of other more common aetiologies.
Ankle Injuries

Ankle injuries are commonly seen in various sports. The main aim of the present review was to highlight the normal anatomy of the ankle, mechanism of injuries related to sports, congenital abnormalities or anatomical variations related to ankle injury and discuss its effective management. A review of literature was done to determine the ankle injuries which occur as a result of various sports related activities. We documented all sports which involved injury to the ankle joint. The anatomy of various structures in the sole of foot and their involvement in injuries were discussed at length. The anatomical knowledge of ankle injury may be beneficial for future diagnosis and treatment purpose.
Ankle Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

Chronic lateral ankle instability occurs in 10% to 20% of individuals after acute ankle sprain. The management of chronic lateral ankle instability is traditionally conservative treatment in the acute phase. On the other hand, surgical intervention is considered if conservative treatment fails and the symptoms are ongoing. This review focuses on the surgical approaches to treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability, including Broström surgical techniques, with a review of the traditional procedure and newer techniques.
Ankle Injuries ; Ankle* ; Hand ; Ligaments*

The object of this study was to determine the physiological range of talar tilt angle of the Korean and to establish the basis for diagnosis and treatment of the lateral instability of the ankle. The anteroposterior inversion stress view of both ankles was taken in the 108 healthy Korean who had no history of ankle injury or disease. The sagittal stress films were also performed on 96 ankles (48 cases) of these to further define the physiological limits of the sagittal mobility of the normal talus. We compared these two values of normai mobility of talus to deterrnine the significance and relationship of the rwo. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Talar tilt over 10 degrees was seen in only 6 ankles (1.9%) and most of the ankles (279 ankles, 88.4%) showed a tilt less than 5 degrees. 2) Normal talar tilt angle was increased in 30 degrees plantarflexed position than in 90 degrees neutral position of ankle. In 12 cases the value was different between the right and the left; but there was no significant difference between the sexes. 3) The anterior displacement index over 200 was seen in only 5 ankles (5.2%). 4) There was gross positive inter-relationship between physiological. range of talar tilt angle and talar sagittal mobility.
Ankle ; Ankle Injuries ; Diagnosis ; Talus

Os subfibulare is a accessory bone arround the lateral maleolus, but it is different from many other accessory bones in foot and ankle in its development related to trauma and frequent symptoms of ankle instability. Accessory bone is a developmental anomaly which fails to unite to main secondary ossification center and usually asymptomatic. But os subfibulare is developed by recurrent ankle sprains in younger age or non-union of avulsion fracture of anterior talofibular ligament and causes instability of ankle. We experienced two cases of symptomatic os subfibulare in adolecents and report them with review of literatures.
Ankle ; Ankle Injuries ; Foot ; Ligaments

In the classical ballet dancers, ankle joints are frequently overused. Especially the Pointe and the Releve are the two basic steps of ballet dance which cause the narrowing of the posterior aspect of the ankle joint. Posterior impingement syndrome of the ankle joint is defined as impingement occuring at the anatomical interval between the posterior tibial articular surface and os calcis. The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy and etiology of this injury and to review the non-operative and operative treatments. Sixteen cases of posterior impingment syndrome had been treated between March 1994 and March 1995. Ten dancers were professional and six were students. The patients was divided 3groups by etiologic factor. Group 1 is anatomical problem factor, Group 2 is overuse factor and Group 3 is ankle sprain factor. Thirteen dancers (81.2%) improved with conservative treatment including local steroid injection. Among the other three dancers, operation was performed in one case. The other two cases stopped dancing. The result was good in one dancer after operation. In the classic ballet dancers, posrerior impingement syndrome was frequent disorder and major etiologic factors are anatomical problem and overuse. Operation was necessary in only group l. It is good result in conservative treatment and operation.
Ankle Injuries ; Ankle Joint* ; Ankle* ; Dancing ; Humans

Traumatic dislocation of the peroneus longus tendon is an often unrecognized injury which has been reported to occur most commonly during sports activity. Most acute cases with early detection can be treated by simple repair of the tendon or retinaculum using one of several procedures available. Accurate treatment through a comprehensive evaluation of the ankle injury prevents suboptimal and sometimes unrecorrectable outcomes. The authors experienced concomitantly the peroneus longus tendon dislocation associated with a trimalleolar fracture of the ankle. We report this case a brief review of the literature.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Injuries ; Dislocations ; Sports ; Tendons

Lateral ankle sprain is the most common ankle injuries. Patients who fail conservative treatments are candidates for modified Broström operation (MBO). Traditionally, the primary surgical treatment performed is the open MBO. Recently, there has been an evolution in the arthroscopic treatment of lateral ankle injury. Several reports reveal biomechanically equivalent results of arthroscopic vs . open MBO when using matched cadaver pairs. Also there was no difference in the clinical or radiologic outcomes between the arthroscopic and open MBO in randomized controlled trial. Therefore, arthroscopic MBO is reasonable and good alternative treatment for lateral ankle injury. Actually new techniques of arthroscopic treatment for ankle injury is introduced about arthroscopic syndesmotic repair and arthroscopic deltoid repair. Arthroscopic techniques for ankle injuries seem to develop further in the future.
Ankle Injuries ; Ankle* ; Arthroscopy ; Cadaver ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To investigate static posturographic characteristics during balance control under virtual moving surround (VMS) using force platform and head mount display (HMD) device in patients with chronic ankle sprain as compared with that of normal adults. METHOD: Ten patients with chronic ankle sprain and 24 healthy adults participated. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were obtained for 20 seconds using force platform as total path distance and total sway area in following conditions (1) comfortable standing with opened and closed eyes, (2) VMS delivered using HMD with four different moving patterns. The virtual moving patterns composed of close-far, superior-inferior tilting (pitch), right-left tilting (roll) and horizontal rotation (yaw) movement. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between patients with chronic ankle sprain and healthy adults on comfortable standing with both open and closed eyes. But, patients revealed significantly increased total path distance and sway area of COP on all VMS conditions. CONCLUSION: These results showed that under VMS conditions patients with the weaker balance control problem were more sensitive to balance control than simple comfortable standing conditions with opened and closed eyes.
Adult ; Ankle Injuries* ; Ankle* ; Head ; Humans