N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a group of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which are in close contact with the synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the cerebral cortex or the hippocampus. This article reviewed the recent development in this field.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of three-dimensional video-assisted thyroidectomy (3D VAT). Methods During January to April of 2014, 10 cases with unilateral or bilateral thyroid benign diseases , thyroid cancer, or parathyroid lesions were enrolled .The 3D VAT was carried out by using a 10-mm 3D stereoscopic endoscope .Local excision or lobectomy was performed via a 2-4 cm curve skin incision one finger above the sternal notch .In two patients , lobotomy combined with systematic lymphadenectomy was performed when papillary thyroid microcarcinoma was identified during operation . Results All the procedures were accomplished successfully under 3D video-assisted system, without intra-operative abnormal blood loss or conversion to conventional thyroidectomy .The operative time was 30-90 min (61.8 ±22.4 min);the intra-operative blood loss was 1.3-93.0 g (median, 5.2 g).All the patients were followed up for 1-4 months.Neither intra-nor post-operative complications about recurrent laryngeal nerve , superior laryngeal nerve , or parathyroid were observed . Conclusions Preliminary impression emerging from this study seems to suggest that 3D VAT is safe and effective.Compared with 2D surgery, a good perception of depth and easy recognition of anatomic structures are noticeable .

Objective To evaluate the toxicological safety of Shanze weight-reducing food in order to provide some toxicological data for its application. Methods According to the national standard of safety evaluation, the following experiments of acute toxicity test through mouth in rats, the genetic toxicity test, thirty days feeding test and teratogenicity test in mice were performed. Results LD 50 was more than 20.0 g?kg -1, equivalent to 467 times of the recommended dosage, in acute toxicity test through mouth in both male and female rats, which fell into the scale of non-toxicity. Under the dosage range of 1.05 g?kg -1 to 4.20 g?kg -1, equivalent to 100 times of the recommended, the negative results were observed in the genetic toxicity test of micronucleus test of bone marrow cells, sperm shape abnormality test in mice and the Ames test. The negative impacts on the growth, development, hematology, biochemistry, histology and the ratio of organ to whole body were not found on the experimental rats of thirty days feeding. Under the same dosage range, no teratogenic effects were found in the experiments of teratogenicity test. Conclusions Shanze can be used as a kind of health weight-reducing food with toxicological safety under the experimental dosage range of 1.05 g?kg -1 to 4.20 g?kg -1.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemorrhage in transurethral resection of prostate ( TURP) and cystospasm and psychonosema of the patients with hyperplasia of prostate. Methods All clinic data of 322 patients with hyperplasia of prostate who have had TURP from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. These patients were divided into four groups according to the volume of hemorrhage( H):H<400 mL, 400≤H<600 mL, 600≤H<800 mL, H≥800 mL. The quantity of cystospasm and psychonosema was measured by three catego-ries:no symptom, light symptom without treatment, severe symptom with treatment. The differences of the four groups were compared through statistical methods. Results The incidence rates of cystopasm and severity degree of psychonosema were increased with the raise of hemorrhage . Conclusion There is a positive correlation between the incidence rates of cystopasm and psychonosema and the volume of hem-orrhage in the patients with hyperplasia of prostate who have had TURP.

The second class is not only a useful supplement to the first class but also an effective way to improve the comprehensive quality and ability of students.Through the deliberate research training and laboratory work,the second class of scientific research facilitates the medical students' developing scientific thinking,expanding professional knowledge,enhancing the ability to do scientific research and cultivating the spirit of teamwork.

Objective To make specific clear labels which can lead us to easily distinguish tube category,function,the drainage of fluid properties and so on,and to improve the safety of patients tube management.Methods Using BarTender software to create labels format,and printing out all kinds of the labels by bar code printer,pasting around at suitable locations.Results Labels designed and printed by Bar-Tender software could be more efficient,accurate and clear to mark patients’drain,which avoided illegible writing.Conclusion Labels de-signed and printed by BarTender software can help doctors and nurses identifying the tube and handover management.

As an income redistribution mechanism, the design of Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance ( URBMI) should reflect the inclination to take care of vulnerable populations, such as people with chronic diseases and low incomes. Therefore, whether the healthcare services of vulnerable populations have been improved, is the most important indicator to determine the effectiveness of the URBMI. Using the DID model, this paper analyzes healthcare service utilization of invulnerable and vulnerable populations before and after the establishment of URBMI ( including both outpatient and inpatient) , based on the idea that these two populations have different socio-economic and health status. Then, based on the gap between the healthcare service utilization changes of different groups, we can measure the equity in URBMI. The results show that the establishment and implementation of URBMI has indeed narrowed the gap of invulnerable and vulnerable populations with different socio-economic and health status; health-care service utilization of vulnerable populations has increased significantly, and health status has significantly im-proved. From vertical and horizontal perspectives, the results prove that the establishment of URBMI has improved the equity of healthcare service utilization among different populations across China.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of cervical vertebral reconstruction using titanium mesh and nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) mesh as two different kinds of artificial vertebrae. Methods From January 2008 to June 2009 had surgically treated 37 cases of cervical spondylosis with anterior corpectomy for decompression, and artificial vertebrae implanted combined platescrews fixation for cervical reconstruction and fusion. As a vertebral substitution, titanium mesh were implanted in 25 cases ( group A ), and the others (12 cases, group B) were implanted with n-HA/PA66 mesh. The height of fusion space immediately postoperatively and the implanted condition were observed. The fusion rate and the JOA score were recorded to compare the clinical outcomes. Results Two groups received 6-20 ( 15.4 ±4.2 )months follow-up. When follow-up to the end grafts were already fusion. The preoperative JOA score in group A,B [(8.40 ±0.96) scores vs. (8.33 ±1.07) scores(P ＞ 0.05)] were increased to (14.36 ±0.86)scores and (14.83 ±0.71) scores after postoperatively (P＞ 0.05),but there were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative each group (P＜0.05). There were 6 cases artificial vertebrae in group A and 1 case in group B subsided asymptomaticly with 100% choiceness rate. Conclusion These two kinds of artificial vertebrae could show similar outcomes in cervical vertebral reconstruction, but the n-HA/PA66 mesh has a lower subsidence rate.

Objective To discuss the effects of Modic II changes on clinical outcomes of discectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with low back pain associated with unilateral sciatica. Methods Sixty-five cases of LDH with low back pain associated with unilateral sciatica received single segment discectomy during January 2007 to January 2009.There were 30 cases with Modic Ⅱ changes in group A, 35 cases without Modic Ⅱ changes in group B. Assessed the clinical outcomes by using MacNab analyzing system and visual analog scale (VAS). Results Two groups of the postoperative clinical symptoms had significant relief, the follow-up of 12 - 36 months, average (20.6 ± 7.5) months. MacNab efficacy evaluation by group A of optimal 10 cases (33.33%), good 17 cases (56.67%), general 3 cases (10.00%). Group B optimal 28 cases (80.00%), good 5 cases (14.29%), general 2 cases (5.71%), there was significant difference in fine rate (P<0.05). Preoperative group A VAS was ( 8.67 ± 0.30) scores, group B was (8.60± 0.32 ) scores (P>0.05). Postoperative group A VAS was (2.63 ± 1.30) scores,group B was (1.09 ±0.50) scores (P< 0.05). Conclusion Modic Ⅱ changes may be one of the reasons which cause the residual low back pain after the discectomy for LDH.

Objective To explore the clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and stromal tumor beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Methods Expression of CD117, CD34, SMA, Desmin and S-100 protein in 53GIST were detected using immunohistochemical S-P method, and then analyzed. Results Of 53 cases, 38 cases were detected as spindle type, 6 as epithelioid type and 9 as mixture type; 9 cases were benign,20 were borderline and 24 were malignant. Of the 9 benign cases, 8 originated in stomach, while only one originated in intestine and beyond the gastrointestinal tract. The rate of immunohistochemical expression was showed as follows: CD117 92.45% and CD34 77.36%. Conclusion GIST has its unique morphological characteristics. To detect CD117 and CD34 simultaneously may be helpful to the diagnosis. The malignant potential of stromal tumor in intestine and beyond the gastrointestinal tract is higher than that in stomach. The estimation of benignancy and malignancy depends on the site, the size and nuclei mitoses of the tumor.