This prospective study was performed to measure the macular and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Thirty-one patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were included. The macular retinal thickness and the peripapillary RNFL thickness were measured using OCT. The mean refractive error was +3.71 diopters (D) and +1.00 D, the mean macular retinal thickness was 252.5 micrometer and 249.7 micrometer, and the mean RNFL thickness was 115.2 micrometer and 109.6 micrometer, in the amblyopic eye and the normal eye, respectively. OCT assessment of RNFL thickness revealed a significantly thicker RNFL in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia (P=0.019), but no statistically significant difference was found in macular retinal thickness (P> 0.05). In conclusion, the amblyopic process may involve the peripapillary RNFL, but not the macula. However, further evaluation is needed.
Amblyopia/complications/*pathology ; Anisometropia/complications/*pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/*pathology ; Male ; Nerve Fibers/*pathology ; Optic Disk/*pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and amblyopia treatment in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: The medical records of hyperopic amblyopia patients with both spherical anisometropia of 1.00 diopter (D) or more and astigmatic anisometropia of less than 1.00 D were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the results of the amblyopia treatment, patients were divided into two groups: treatment successes and failures. Using the degree of spherical anisometropia, subjects were categorized into mild, moderate, or severe groups. Ocular, corneal, and internal HOAs were measured using a KR-1W aberrometer at the initial visit, and at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: The results of the 45 (21 males and 24 females) hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia patients who completed the 12-month follow-up examinations were analyzed. The mean patient age at the initial visit was 70.3 months. In total, 28 patients (62.2%) had successful amblyopia treatments and 17 patients (37.8%) failed treatment after 12 months. Among the patient population, 24 (53.3%) had mild hyperopic anisometropia and 21 (46.7%) had moderate hyperopic anisometropia. When comparing the two groups (i.e., the success and failure groups), ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations in the amblyopic eyes were significantly higher in the failure group at every follow-up point. There were no significant differences in any of the HOAs between mild and moderate cases of hyperopic anisometropia at any follow-up. When the amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared between the groups there were no significant differences in any of the HOAs. CONCLUSIONS: HOAs, particularly ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations, should be considered as reasons for failed amblyopia treatment.
Aged ; Amblyopia/complications/physiopathology/*therapy ; Anisometropia/complications/physiopathology/*therapy ; Cornea/*pathology/physiopathology ; *Eyeglasses ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia/complications/physiopathology/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Refraction, Ocular/*physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; *Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and amblyopia treatment in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: The medical records of hyperopic amblyopia patients with both spherical anisometropia of 1.00 diopter (D) or more and astigmatic anisometropia of less than 1.00 D were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the results of the amblyopia treatment, patients were divided into two groups: treatment successes and failures. Using the degree of spherical anisometropia, subjects were categorized into mild, moderate, or severe groups. Ocular, corneal, and internal HOAs were measured using a KR-1W aberrometer at the initial visit, and at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: The results of the 45 (21 males and 24 females) hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia patients who completed the 12-month follow-up examinations were analyzed. The mean patient age at the initial visit was 70.3 months. In total, 28 patients (62.2%) had successful amblyopia treatments and 17 patients (37.8%) failed treatment after 12 months. Among the patient population, 24 (53.3%) had mild hyperopic anisometropia and 21 (46.7%) had moderate hyperopic anisometropia. When comparing the two groups (i.e., the success and failure groups), ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations in the amblyopic eyes were significantly higher in the failure group at every follow-up point. There were no significant differences in any of the HOAs between mild and moderate cases of hyperopic anisometropia at any follow-up. When the amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared between the groups there were no significant differences in any of the HOAs. CONCLUSIONS: HOAs, particularly ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations, should be considered as reasons for failed amblyopia treatment.
Aged ; Amblyopia/complications/physiopathology/*therapy ; Anisometropia/complications/physiopathology/*therapy ; Cornea/*pathology/physiopathology ; *Eyeglasses ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia/complications/physiopathology/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Refraction, Ocular/*physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; *Visual Acuity