Animal Experimentation ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; methods ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Toxicity Tests ; methods

Animal models have been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of varying diseases and to provide insight into potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Although alternatives to animal testing have been proposed to help overcome potential drawbacks related to animal experiments and avoid ethical issues, their use remains vital for the testing of new drug candidates and to identify the most effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Particularly, the study of metabolic diseases requires the use of animal models to monitor whole-body physiology. In line with this, the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) in Korea has established their own animal strains to help evaluate both efficacy and safety during new drug development. The objective of this study was to characterize the response of C57BL/6NKorl mice from the NIFDS compared with that of other mice originating from the USA and Japan in a chemical-induced diabetic condition. Multiple low-dose treatments with streptozotocin were used to generate a type-1 diabetic animal model which is closely linked to the known clinical pathology of this disease. There were no significantly different responses observed between the varying streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic models tested in this study. When comparing control and diabetic mice, increases in liver weight and disturbances in serum amino acids levels of diabetic mice were most remarkable. Although the relationship between type-1 diabetes and BCAA has not been elucidated in this study, the results, which reveal a characteristic increase in diabetic mice of all origins are considered worthy of further study.
Amino Acids ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ; Animal Experimentation ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; Animals ; Ethics ; Japan ; Korea ; Liver ; Metabolic Diseases ; Metabolomics* ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Pathology, Clinical ; Physiology ; Streptozocin

The sub-chronic toxicity of piperaquine phosphate was assessed in rabbits. Piperaquine phosphate (PQP), at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight per day for 28 consecutive days, was administered orally. The influences of PQP on rabbits' laboratory indices were observed during the PQP administration and after the treatment. Rabbits treated with PQP by oral administration were found to have normal action dinning. At the dose of 50mg/kg per day for 28 consecutive days, the body weights of rabbits was increased significantly during study period (p<0.05), but was not changed significantly at the dose of 100 mg/kg per dayx 28 days. PQP, at the dose of 50 mg/kg per day for 28 consecutive days, did not change significantly biochemical indices (SGOT,SGPT, bilirubin and protein) and some hematological indices (leukocytes, leukocyte formula and hemoglobin), but significantly increased erythrocytes and creatinine on days 14 and 28. At the treated dose 100mg/kg per dayx28days, biochemical indices (SGOT, protein) and some hematological indices (erythrocytes, leukocytes and leukocyte formula) did not change significantly during study period, but creatinine, bilirubin and SGPT were significantly changed
Animal Experimentation ; Rabbits

The BB 1O1's effects on the reproductive progress of parents (P), the first (Fl) and the second (F2) generations of mice were investigated at the National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology & Entomology (NIMPE) between February and October 2004. The mice were dosed with BB 101 50mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. BB 101 was found to cause no effects on birth progress, mating rate, fertilization. Early died fetuses and late died fetuses were similar among P, F1 and F2. The new born mice were found to have no innate defects. Their size and weight were normal.
Reproduction ; Animal Experimentation ; Mice

Study on the extract of Morinda citrifolia (MC) fruit with the ratio of 5:1 (1g extract was prepared from 5g of dried MC fruit) in order to determine the effects of extract on radiation-induced immunosuppressive mice. The results showed that: oral administration of this extract with daily dose of 6 g/kg in 9 consecutive days (3 days before and 6 days during receiving gamma ray) has increased the relative weight of spleen and thymus, total leukocyte count, number of lymphocytes, natural killers and monocytes, rate of immune rosette forming cells, hemolytic halo, and the skin test with OA antigen, compared with the mice group that has been only received gamma ray without drug
Morinda ; Animal Experimentation ; Radiation

Method of dissemination intravascular coagulation (DIC) was used on experimental rabbits by intravenous thrombin solution 15 IU. Then rabbits were divided into 3 groups: the control group (8 rabbits) received NaCI 0.9% solution 2 ml/kg W.b/24h; the study group (10 rabbits) received mixed pollution cracetin 10.5 mg/kg/24h; the compare drug group (10 rabbits) received Tanakan solution 4.8 mg/kg w.b. All 3 rabbits groups were orally received in one continuous week. On experimental model of DIC at the dose of 10.5 mg/kg W.b/24h orally within 7 days, cracetin elongated the values of the Howell time, Quick time, thrombin time, partial thrombin time. The drug cracetin increased amount of fibrinogen, restored the number of thrombosis that were consumed more in the progress of forming blood coagulation before.
Blood ; Animal Experimentation

The BB134's sub-chronic toxicity in rabbits was investigated at NIMPE's laboratory. BB134 was orally administered at the dose of 9mg/kg of body weight per day for 28 consecutive days. The influence of BB134 on rabbit's laboratory indices and cardiovascular system were observed during and after the BB134 administration. The BB134 had not change the normal indices of development as well as the biochemical and some hematological indices of the experimental rabbits. During the study time the rabbits acted and ate normally. The body weight was increased significantly. SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and creatinine as well as leukocytes, leukocyte formula and hemoglobin had no change. However erythrocytes decreased significantly by day 14. BB134 was also found not to affect significantly on rabbits' cardiovascular system (rabbits' heart rhythms and cardiovascular waves such as P, QP, QRS, T and QT of the control and treated groups were not changed significantly
Malaria ; Animal Experimentation ; Artemisinins

Introduction on the factors influence dosage that is equivalent in effectiveness between animals. They comprised drug metabolism, minimum concentration have with effect in serum, the effective time, cellular respiration, organic weight rate comparison with body weight, heat production, cytochrom C, volume of kidney and body surface.
Dosage Forms ; Animal Experimentation

The study was carried out on 100 healthy rats, weight of 12020g which were divided into 10 groups. Raw materials: BB103 pure powder and mefloquine. Results: In rats received BB103 with doses of 50 mg/kg and mefloquine 50 mg/kg in 5 days, there were no significant changes on process of conditioned reflex, speed of reflex establishment was stable, response time and extinguishing time of reflex were similar to those of the control group (p>0.05). In rats received BB103 with doses of 100 mg/kg and mefloquine 100 mg/kg in 5 days, there were significant changes on speed of reflex establishment and response time (p<0.01-0.05). There were differences on speed of reflex establishment, speed of stable reflex in rats received BB103 and mefloquine (p<0.01-0.05)
Artemisinins ; Rats ; Animal Experimentation

The tonic effect of Poliarchis dives (CT1) was studied on the change of weight of the spermatic bag in male mice. Results showed that this preparation enhanced the weight of spermatic bag by 183,33%. Testosterone-like spermatogenesis activity of the preparation was suggested
Testosterone ; mice ; Animal Experimentation