White-rot fungus Irpex lacteus degraded TNT significantly in proportion to the culture time. After 48 h incubation, about 95% of TNT was degraded. Two reduced metabolites were identified as 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) which was further degraded.
Aniline Compounds ; Fungi ; Trinitrotoluene

The investigation was performed with 871 users of DMPA. Among them 516 had been use and 355 defaults. DMPA was accepted because of the convenience for use (62%), the high effectiveness (56%), no side effect, no adverse reation for sexual activity. The rate of defaults was from 10-70%, depending on the province, the time.. 80.2% by the cause of side effects, in which amenorrhia 33.2% and menstrual disorder 43.4%.
Women ; Aniline Compounds/adverse effects

871 women who have using DMPA contraceptive injection from 1997 to 2001 in 3 provinces of Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa, Dong Thap (each district for province and a total of 13 communes) were assessed. 88.4% of subjects had had side effects, among them 40.1% amenorrhoae, 25.1% dysmenorrhoae, 19.5% weight gain, 22% head pain, 13.3% nausea. Two typical signs are facial skin darkening and vaginal dryness. Menstruation disorder and amenorrhoae are positively proportional and vaginal dryness and facial skin darkening are inversely proportional with age, the number of pregnancy and of pregnancy termination.
Aniline Compounds ; adverse effects ; drugs

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the amount of myopic correction on long-term changes in higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOAs) in advanced surface ablation-photorefractive keratectomy (ASA-PRK). METHODS: The 193 eyes of 101 patients who underwent ASA-PRK were divided into two groups according to the amount of myopic correction by the median value (Group 1 < or = -4.37D, 97 eyes, mean -3.26 +/- 0.77D; Group 2 > -4.37D, 96 eyes, mean -5.77 +/- 1.00D). Wavefront aberrometry was performed to measure total HOA, coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after ASA-PRK. Statistical analysis was performed to compare changes in all HOAs between the two groups. RESULTS: Each magnitude of total HOA, coma, and spherical aberration except trefoil significantly increased at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively in each group (p<0.05), and the increases were statistically significantly higher in group 2 compared to those of group 1 (p<0.05). The amount of changes in all HOAs except trefoil revealed that statistically significantly higher increases in group 2 compared to those of group 1 were determined only in the short-term period (up to 1 month, p<0.05), but not in the medium-term (1 to 6 months) or long-term periods (6 to 24 months). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative total HOA, coma, and spherical aberration significantly increased in both groups, and these increases in surgery-induced HOAs were significantly higher in group 2 (> -4.37D). Increases in ASA-PRK-induced HOAs primarily originated from short-term changes in the postoperative one-month period and did not return to the preoperative level during the postoperative two-year period.
Aberrometry ; Aniline Compounds ; Coma ; Eye ; Humans ; Lotus

From October 2001 to May 2002, the study on the introduction of DMPA in Viet Nam was conducted by Ministry of Health and DMPA in Thanh Hoa, Yen Bai and Dong Thap of 871 DMPA users. Commune health station is a good delivery point to provide DMPA service. DMPA should be provided at this level throughout the country, 96.5% of DMPA clients at commune level were satisfied with the method. Major reasons for DMPA acceptance are its convinience and easy use (62%), high effectiveness (58%), no health effect (55%) and no impact on sexual relationship (39%). However, DMPA discontinuation rate is still high between 10-70% according to specific site and duration of use. Reason for discontinuation is mainly adverse effect (80.2%), of which amenorrhea and menstrual disorder account for the most with 33.2% and 43,4% respectively.
Aniline Compounds ; Drugs ; therapy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Humans ; Poisoning ; therapy

PURPOSE: To report the distribution of ocular higher-order aberrations in candidates for refractive surgery measured by Zywave(R) II aberrometer. METHODS: The present study included 232 eyes of 116 subjects. Ocular aberration data were obtained by measurements per eye using Zywave(R) II aberrometer. The mean Zywave spherical equivalent (SE) and higher order aberrations (HOAs) calculated in the central 6-mm zone and expressed as root mean square (RMS) values were analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between ocular HOAs and gender, age, SE refractive error, or central corneal thickness (CCT) and investigate the aberration symmetry between right and left eyes. RESULTS: The average SE was-4.67 +/- 1.83 diopters (D). The mean RMS values of total HOA, 3rd, 4th or 5th summated HOAs, coma, trefoil and spherical aberration (SA) were 0.421 +/- 0.201 microm, 0.346 +/-0.206 microm, 0.202 +/- 0.105 microm, 0.087 +/- 0.048 microm, 0.241 +/- 0.172 microm, 0.225 +/- 0.154 microm and 0.136 +/- 0.102 microm, respectively. There was no significant differences of the mean total HOA, summated HOAs, coma, trefoil and SA between genders, age and refractive errors, but the 3rd order trefoil was strongly related with myopia (r = -0.900, p = 0.008). There was symmetry of ocular aberrations between both eyes and the ocular aberrations were not correlated with CCT. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we report the normative distribution of ocular aberrations in the myopic Korean population measured by Zywave(R) II aberrometer. The 3rd order trefoil and myopia were correlated and mirror symmetry was observed between right and left eyes.
Aniline Compounds ; Coma ; Lotus ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Refractive Surgical Procedures*

Accidents, Occupational ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

Aniline Compounds ; blood ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Adult ; Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged