Objective: To observe the feasibility of acellular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM) oriented scaffold combined with chondrocytes to construct tissue engineered cartilage.

Objective: To determine the contents of five flavonoids in Spirodelae Herba from different growing areas, and evaluate its anti-oxidant activity. Methods: Contents of orientin, vitexin, cynaroside, apigenin-7-glucoside, and luteolin in 17 batches of Spirodelae Herba from eight origins were determined by HPLC with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase, and DPPH method was used to compare their anti-oxidant activities, together with cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the quality of Spirodelae Herba was evaluated. Results: The contents of five flavonoids in Spirodelae Herba from different growing areas exist certain differences, which can be divided into three different categories by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The contents of orientin, vitexin, and cynaroside were significantly higher in samples from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces than those from other origins, as well as their oxidation clearance rates were relatively high. The correlation analysis showed there was a significant positive correlation between the rate of oxidative elimination and flavonoid content. Conclusion: Spirodelae Herba from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces has higher contents of flavonoids with strong antioxidant capacity. The analytical method is stable and reliable, which can provide the reference for enhancing the quality control of Spirodelae Herba.

Objective To investigate the effect of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN)-loaded nanoparticles (NP) on the human orbital rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft in nude mice, so as to assess the feasibility of nanoparticles as a gene vector. Methods The model of human orbital rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft was established in nude mice, and the tumors were injected with c-FLIP ASODN NP, c-FLIP ASODN or normal saline (NS). The tumor volume and histopathological changes of tumor were observed. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical analysis were used to examine the expression of c-FLIP in tumor tissues of each group. Apoptosis of tumor cells was detected using TUNEL method. Results The growth of human orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in nude mice was significantly inhibited in ASODN NP group compared with the other two groups. Western blotting analysis showed that c-FLIP protein expression in ASODN NP and ASODN groups was significantly decreased compared with NS group (P<0. 05). Immunohistochemical study showed that c-FLIP expressionwas found in the endochylema, and the c-FLIP positive cells in ASODN NP group was significantly less than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). Tumor cell apoptosis was observed in both ASODN NP and ASODN groups, with more found in the former, and only a few apoptotic cells were found in the NS group. Conclusion c-FLIP ASODN NP can effectively inhibit the growth of human orbital rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft in nude mice, indicating that nanoparticles may serve as a safe and effective vector for ASODN.

OBJECTIVE: To design and synthesize desmosdumotin C derivatives on B-ring and investigate their antitumor activities in vitro.

Objective: To study and optimize the preparation method of test solution from Panax notoginseng. Methods: The effects of extraction solvent, liquid-material ratio and extraction temperature on the optimization of the preparation method of test solution of notoginsenoside and ginsenosides in P. notoginseng were investigated by Box-Behnken response surface methology. The content of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Rb1 was simultaneously determined by HPLC. Results: The optimum method was as follow: 75% methanol was used for once reflux extraction, the ratio of liquid-material ratio was 1:40, the extraction temperature was 100 ℃. Conclusion: The optimum preparation of test solution is simple and feasible, and the extraction rate of components is high, which provides a reference for the preparation of test solution from P. notoginseng.

AIM:To analyze the postoperative refractive error(RE)and its related factors of patients with age-related cataract(ARC)and idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane(IMEM)after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation combined with 23G vitrectomy(PPV).

METHODS: From February 2017 to September 2019,25 cases(25 eyes)of arc patients with IMEM who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation combined with vitrectomy were selected as the observation group, and 25 cases(25 eyes)of simple arc patients treated with cataract phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were selected as the control group. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA ), spherical equivalent(SEQ), corneal refractive power(CRP), anterior chamber depth(ACD), axial length(AL)and macular central foveal thickness(CFT)of the two groups before and after the operation were compared.

RESULTS:At 3mo after operation, BCVA(0.284±0.177, 0.016±0.085)in observation group and control group were significantly improved compared with those before operation(0.572±0.199, 0.568±0.191), ACD was significantly increased(all P<0.001), but CRP and AL had no significant changes in both groups(P>0.05), and there was no difference in ACD, CRP and AL between the two groups(P>0.05). At 3mo after operation, the actual SEQ value in the observation group(-0.426±0.146D)was significantly higher than that before operation(-0.122±0.037D)and that of the control group(-0.127±0.050D)(all P<0.001). The refractive error of the observation group was -0.304±0.142D; the CFT value of the observation group(331.1±67.2μm)was significantly lower than that before operation(444.8±72.1μm), but higher than that of the control group(224.7±16.6μm)The change of CFT in observation group was 113.7±32.2μm. Correlation analysis showed that the refractive error was positively correlated with the change of CFT at 3mo after operation in the observation group(r=0.447, P=0.025).

CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between myopic RE and CFT after Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation combined with 23G vitrectomy(PPV).

OBJECTIVE: To study the activity of TQHXD on the learning and memory ability of rats with vascular dementia(VD) and its effects on the content of Ach in cerebral cortex. And to investigate the action mechanism of TQHXD on VD in rats. METHODS: VD model was made by common carotid artery injection of a co-thrombus inducer. The 8-arm radial maze experiment was adopted to evaluate the times of working memory errors and reference memory errors. The changes of the pathological area in hippocampus CA1 were observed by optical microscope. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentration of Ach in rats cerebral cortex. RESULTS: High and middle dose of TQXHD significantly reduce the times of working memory errors and reference memory errors (P<0.01), definitely improved the anormalies of pathological area in hippocampal CA1, and significantly increased the content of Ach in cerebral cortex (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: TQHXD can significantly ameliorate the learning and memory ability of in VD rats. The mechanism may be related to the improvement of the vertebral body cells anomalies in the hippocampal CA1 region and increasing the content of the Ach in cerebral cortex. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective: To establish the culture technique for culturing γδ T cells in vitro and evaluate the basic characteristics, security and anti-tumor effect of the cultured γδ T cells. Methods: Phytohemagglutinin, zoledronic acid, interleukin-2 and interleukin -7 were used to induce the abundant expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Flow cytometry assay, in vitro killing assay and mouse model of human lung cancer were also adopted to assess the characteristics and the anti-tumor effect of cultured γδ T cells. Additionally, the contamination of exogenous agents and the acute toxicity of γδ T cells were determined. Results: After culturing 14-16 days in vitro, the total number of γδ T cells was more than 1.0×10¹⁰. Among these γδ T cells, CD3⁺ γδ TCR⁺ cells accounted for more than 90%. None of contaminations of bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma and virus were observed. At effect target ratio (E/T ratio) of 50/1, killing efficiency of γδ T cells cultured in vitro to SK-MES-1, Ho8910, A549 and K562 reached more than 65%. In vivo experiments showed that the tumor volume of γδ T-treated mice was (828.99±61.05) mm^3, significantly lower than (1 723.51±84.30) mm³ of the control mice (P<0.05). Meanwhile, no acute toxicity effect was observed in γδ T cells treated mice. Conclusion The number, purity and activity of γδT cells cultured in our institute can reach the requirement of clinical application, and the γδT cells also display strong cytotoxic activity against tumor cells such as lung cancer, ovarian cancer and leukemia.

AIM: To explore the dynamic expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)in scar tissues after glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and to further reveal the role and possible mechanism of HMGB1 in scarring after glaucoma surgery.METHODS: A total of 60 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group(n=20), model group(n=20, silicone implantation under conjunctival sac)and model with drug administration group(n=20, silicone implantation under conjunctival sac combined with 5-fluorouracil injection). The conjunctival tissues were collected at 4 and 8 wk after surgery. HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the proliferation and distribution of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in conjunctival tissues. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the distribution and changes of HMGB1, transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, Smad3 and α-smooth muscle actin(SMA)in conjunctival tissues. RT-PCR and Western blot were adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in conjunctival tissues.RESULTS: HE staining and Masson staining showed that the proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group at both 4 and 8 wk. Meanwhile, the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the model with drug administration group was significantly lower than that in the model group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA protein was observed in the conjunctival tissues of the model group both 4 and 8 wk, with brown and significantly deeper staining of the model group at 8 wk. Meanwhile, the positive staining in the model with drug administration group at both 4 and 8 wk was significantly lower than that in the model group. There was positive correlations between the number of fibroblasts stained with HE and the expression of HMGB1 in the conjunctival tissue of the model group at both 4 and 8 wk(r=0.602, 0.703, all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group at both 4 and 8 wk(all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in the model with drug administration group were significantly lower than those in the model group(all P<0.05). There was positive correlations between mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and TGF-β1, Smad3 in the model group and the model with drug administration group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of HMGB1 increased at a time-dependent manner after glaucoma valve implantation. HMGB1 acts an indispensable role in the initiation and progression of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, which may be involved in the regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Objective To reveal the anatomical structure of the atlantooccipital region and to provide accurate anatomical data for clinical operation. Methods Eight cadavers were selected for cranial base tissue blocks, these blocks were plastinated and cut into serial sections. After staining, these sections were examined under an optical microscope. Results The odontoid tip was mainly spongy bone, the lower part of odontoid process was mainly compact bone substance. The apical ligament of dens was a small bundle of cord fibers connecting the apex of dens and the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. The tectorial membrane was a tough film which descends from the occipital slope, after the upper and lower longitudinal fascicles of the cruciate ligament, closely associated with the axis. The front of the spinal dura mater was covered with the tectorial membrane, and the rear was arachnoid. The spinal dura mater joins with the tectorial membrane from the clivus and moves down warded to the lowest part of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum to separate and continue their respective downward course. At the position of the dens, the spinal dura mater joined with the tectorial membrane again and travelled down to C2 vertebral body to separate. The tectorial membrane covered the posterior longitudinal ligament at the level of the odontoid tip. Conclusion The Barkow ligament may not be present and may not be used as a marker during clinical surgery.