120 healthy subjects were selected and divided into two groups to study the cutaneous conductivity at 12 couples of Yuan point, group 1 including 60 subjects aged between 21 to 25 (30 males, 30 females), group 2 including 60 subjects aged between 50 to 67 (30 males, 30 females). The results: there was no difference in cutaneous conductivity at 12 couple of Yuan point of the lest and right body in both groups of ages and sexes. In female, cutaneous conductivity at 12 couple of Yuan point were diferent depending on menstrual cycle, considerably lower in the latter haft of the cycle compared to the first half of the cycle. In the same age group, cutaneous conductivity at 12 couple of Yuan point in male was lower than that in female. In the same gender group, cutaneous conductivity at 12 couple of Yuan point of the group 1 was lower that of the group 2
Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Medicine, Traditional

A random study on skin temperature change at 12 couples of Yuan point was carried out on 120 subjects. These subjects were divided into two groups: 60 subjects with duodenal ulcer and 60 healthy subjects served as control. Results: There were difference in skin temperature of bilateral Thai xung point in both male and female with gastric-duodenal ulcer (P<0.05-0.01). Temperature of 12 couples of Yuan point in this group was higher than those in control group (P<0.05-0.001)
Peptic Ulcer ; Skin

50 patients with the chronic cerebro circulation insufficiency ages of 45-78 in the health care acupuncture department of the ViÖt Nam institute of traditional medicine participated to a study. The clinical and para-clinical changes after 45 days of training of exercise of M.D. NguyÔn V¨n H­ëng were monitored. The results have shown that the exercise improved the clinical condition of the cerebro circulation insufficiency. The clinical score according to the table khadjew reduced significantly in which 62% patients with obvious remission, 35% patients with moderate remission, no patients with exacerbation of disease. The exercise improved the cerebral circulation in some biological indicators such as cerebral blood flow electroencephologram, lipemia, and respiratory function.
syndrome ; Exercise ; Cerebrovascular Disorders

Background: In Vietnam,every day on average at least 16 children died and more than 82 children were seriously injured by traffic accidents. Objectives: The study on epidemiological characteristics of traffic injuries in children.Subjects and method:A retrospective study of 539 children hospitalizedas a results of traffic injuries in National Hospital of Pediatrics, from january 2002 to december 2005. Results: Traffic injury hospitalization incidence rate is 0,42% (539/ 127706). Male/female was 1,46/1. Peak incidence occurs at ages 5 to 9 years. Rural children/ city children was 2,06/1. Crashes happened in october with highest frequency 12,8%, and weekend (34,8%). Motor vehicle crashes was 426 (79%). Motorcycle caused 70,4% crashes, and automobile 9,2%. 59% victims are child pedestrians.Conclusion: The traffic injury occurs commonly in children, especially in group 5-9 age. Motorcycle was the most principal vehicles occupant injuries.
Accidents ; Traffic ; Wounds and Injuries/ epidemiology ; Child ;

Background: Soc Son is mountainous, poorest district of Ha Noi, the rate of malnourished children was highest level (28,2% in 2003). Objectives: Description and assessment on the effectiveness of microcredit program for developing household economy and the impact of microcredit program on care for pregnant women, children and nutrition situation for children in 7 communes of Soc Son district in 3 years (2003-2006). Subjects and method: 167 poor households with malnourished child/children or pregnant women with low weight gain which were provided loans in 7 communes of Soc Son district; 169 children were born after 1/6/2001 and their mother in 167 households above. Method: cross-sectional descriptive method combine comparative analysis, using interview ballot, growth chart of National Institute of nutrition. Data processing by software EPI 6.0 and SPSS/PC 12.0. Results: The microcredit program had helped 95,0% households improve their economy remarkably, 54,5% of the households had improved income and food security. These improvements had influenced positively on practice of maternal and child care and malnutrition situation among children under 5 years old. The rate of pregnant women taking sufficient rest before birth delivery and having appropriate workload during pregnancy increased by 29,7%. Low-birth-weight newborns (<2,500 gram) had decreased by 11,5%. The rate of children with more than 3 complementary meals had increased by 8,5%. Malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years old in 7 communes had decreased by 6,9%. Conclusion: The program has contributed to lower malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years old in Soc Son district by 6,6%.
Child Nutrition Disorders/ diet therapy ; epidemiology ;

Background: Flu and avian flu in humans are events in a number of countries all over the world. In Vietnam, there were some investigations on knowledge, attitude and practice for preventing flu and avian flu on several groups of the population and pharmacists in Tra Vinh province. However, there is no research for this issue in Hanoi city while the evident need for the planning of public health programs is required. Objective: To describe knowledge and identify the requirement of flu and avian flu information among pharmacists in Hanoi city. From that, some recommendations for intervention programs are proposed. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 pharmacists in Hanoi city with a structured questionnaire of knowledge and requirement of flu and avian flu information from October, 2007 to January, 2008. Results and Conclusion: Generally, knowledge on flu and avian flu is not yet comprehensive and sufficient. Requirement for flu and avian flu information was quite in demand, especially via television, capacity building training, having more communication materials and experience exchange workshops. Several interventions need to be directed towards: comprehensive communication on flu and avian flu to pharmacists, which aims to help them understand sufficiently and comprehensive about flu and avian flu; capacity improvement for pharmacists should pay attention to several channels such as television broadcasting communication, short-term training, disseminating relevant materials and perhaps experience exchange through seminars.
avian flu ; drug-sellers ; information needs

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is severe complication of the patients with liver cirrhosis, can also develop renal hepatic syndrome or hepatic encephalopathy. Objective: To study clinical signs and the frequency of SBP according to the severity of liver disease and the change of biochemical parameters, characteristics of ascitic fluid. Subjects and method: 37 patients with liver cirrhosis having SBP diagnosed or by an ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) leukocyte count of > 250 cells per mm3 and/ or microbial positive culture ascites. The conventional method of culture ascites by plating out a loop of fluid on agar plates in the microbiology laboratory. All patients were treated at Bach Mai Hospital. Results:78.4% SBP in patients with Child - Pugh C 64.9% in patients having abundant ascites fluid, 72.9% having ascitic protein < 10g/l, the very low frequency of culture - positive ascitic fluid (5.4%). The frequency clinical signs were abdominal pain (67.6%) and diarrhea (73.0%). Conclusions: Considering the SBP preventive treatment for patients with liver cirrhosis having low - protein ascites < 10g/l) and setting up ascitic fluid culture with a larger volume of ascites into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles at the beside improves the sensitivity of detection of an organism.
Fibrosis ; Peritonitis/ diagnosis

Background: hepatitis due to virus B is now one of the leading concerns in the community health care throughout the world. Vietnam was a country located in high risk areas for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with rate of HBV infection in the community ranged from 11.3 to 25.5%, the rate of HBsAg positive in pregnant women from 12-16%. Objectives: to evaluate knowledge and practice on HBV prevention among pregnant women in Hanoi in 2005-2006 period; to study on some related factors of HBsAg positive rate. Subjectives and Method: a cross sectional study (with analysis on knowledge and practice about HBV prevention) was carried out on 1.300 pregnant women above 28 gestational weeks at Hanoi Obstetrics/Gynecology Hospital in 2005. Results: the rates of women with knowledge about HBV prevention were 38.5% at good level, 24.4% at acceptable level, and 37.7% at unacceptable level. The rates of practice on HBV prevention were 58.5% at satisfied level and 41.5% at notsatified level. Knowledge was likely related to practice, age, educational level, and HBV positive rate. Practice on HBV prevention was also related to HBV infection. Conclusions: the rates of women with knowledge about HBV prevention at good level were relatively high. The rates of practice on HBV prevention at satisfied level were relatively low. Related factors of HBsAg positive rate: knowledge and practice about HBV prevention.
Hepatitis B/ prevention & ; control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ; Pregnant Women ;

Background: Burn patients are at high risk of occasional infection because microorganism can penetrate through the wound easily. Objective: To identify bacteria species that most often cause occasional infections in burn patients and evaluate the rate of resistance to antibiotics of the isolated bacteria species. Subject and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 126 patients treated at the National Institute of Burns from 4/2007 to 3/2008. Result: Rates of bacteria species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45.98%), after that was S.aureus (25.29%); Abaumannii (9.2%); E.coli (3.45%) and Kpneunwniae (2.87%). Rate ofresistance to antibiotics of P.aeruginosa among aminoglycoside ranged from 22.54% to 80.56%; quinolone from 39.44% to 41.1%; Cephems from 68.49% to 80.56% and penicillin from 67.61% to 78.87%; Imipenem was 27.4%. Anti-biotics resistance of Abaumannii among aminoglycoside ranged from aminoglycoside from 25.0% to 87.5%; quinolone was 81.25%; cephems was 93.33% and penicillin was 86.67%; lmipenem was 50% and Aztreonam was 93.75%. S.aureus were sensitive to Vancomycin was 1000%, but resistant to lmipenem (72.73); Gentamicin (71.43); Kanamycin (83.33); Tobramycin (83.33%); Ticarcillin / Clavulanic acid (75.61%) and Ceftazidine (75.61%).Conclusion: Isolated bacteria species, which caused occasional infections in burn patients, are mainly P.aeruginosa, S.aureus and A.baumannii. Those species resist many kinds of antibiotic.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Multidrug resistance ; burn ; bacteria

Background: Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) is the major cause of human typhoid fever outbreaks. In fact, there were various typhoid fever outbreaks that occurred in China, and India that was caused by S.typhi strain without Vi antigen. Objective: To determine whether the S.typhi strains with mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen exists in Vietnam and the rate of mutation (if they exists). Subject and methods: 450 S.typhi isolates were collected in the Northern, Central and Southern Region of Vietnam during 1995 and 2005. The isolates were analyzed by the PCR method in order to detect mutants by using 2 primer pairs of tviB and DE. Results and Conclusion: There was no clear evidence on the relationship between the widely used Typhi Vi vaccine in Vietnam and the existence and spread of the mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen of S.typhi. 30 out of 450 isolates mutated losing the gene encoding of Vi antigen, making it 6.67%. These isolates were spread out between 1995 and 2005 throughout the Northern, Central and Southern Regions of Vietnam, with a peak in 1999. A noteworthy point was the rate of mutation of S.typhi losing the gene encoding of Vi antigen in Vietnam during the period of study. However, the mutation rate of S.typhi in Vietnam was still higher than the ratio of similar mutations being published in the other countries worldwide and higher than the recommended level of the World Health Organization.
gene mutation ; Salmonella typhi