Background: Abnormal chromosome may be abnormal in number or structure of chromosomes related to normal chromosomes or sex chromosomes. One sign of abnormal chromosomes that we can observe during pregnancy is the abnormal ultrasound images. Objectives: To discover the relations between the chromosomal abnormalities and some fetal abnormalities determined by ultrasound. Subjects and method: A prospective descriptive study combined with a retrospective study on 250 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities from Aug 2006 to Aug 2008. Results: Among 250 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities determined by ultrasound taken amniocentesis, rate of late amniocentesis (over 20 weeks) was the highest (50.8%), while rate of ideal amniocentesis (16-20 weeks) only accounted for 29.6%. Abnormal chromosomal rate of multiple abnormalities of fetus statistically significant were higher than that of mono abnormal of fetus (46.8% vs. 18.5%/ p<0.0l). Conclusion: Abnormal phenotype determined by ultrasound; rate of chromosomal disorder was 27.2%.
chromosomal analysis ; fetal abnormalities

Background: Soc Son is mountainous, poorest district of Ha Noi, the rate of malnourished children was highest level (28,2% in 2003). Objectives: Description and assessment on the effectiveness of microcredit program for developing household economy and the impact of microcredit program on care for pregnant women, children and nutrition situation for children in 7 communes of Soc Son district in 3 years (2003-2006). Subjects and method: 167 poor households with malnourished child/children or pregnant women with low weight gain which were provided loans in 7 communes of Soc Son district; 169 children were born after 1/6/2001 and their mother in 167 households above. Method: cross-sectional descriptive method combine comparative analysis, using interview ballot, growth chart of National Institute of nutrition. Data processing by software EPI 6.0 and SPSS/PC 12.0. Results: The microcredit program had helped 95,0% households improve their economy remarkably, 54,5% of the households had improved income and food security. These improvements had influenced positively on practice of maternal and child care and malnutrition situation among children under 5 years old. The rate of pregnant women taking sufficient rest before birth delivery and having appropriate workload during pregnancy increased by 29,7%. Low-birth-weight newborns (<2,500 gram) had decreased by 11,5%. The rate of children with more than 3 complementary meals had increased by 8,5%. Malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years old in 7 communes had decreased by 6,9%. Conclusion: The program has contributed to lower malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years old in Soc Son district by 6,6%.
Child Nutrition Disorders/ diet therapy ; epidemiology ;

Background: hepatitis due to virus B is now one of the leading concerns in the community health care throughout the world. Vietnam was a country located in high risk areas for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with rate of HBV infection in the community ranged from 11.3 to 25.5%, the rate of HBsAg positive in pregnant women from 12-16%. Objectives: to evaluate knowledge and practice on HBV prevention among pregnant women in Hanoi in 2005-2006 period; to study on some related factors of HBsAg positive rate. Subjectives and Method: a cross sectional study (with analysis on knowledge and practice about HBV prevention) was carried out on 1.300 pregnant women above 28 gestational weeks at Hanoi Obstetrics/Gynecology Hospital in 2005. Results: the rates of women with knowledge about HBV prevention were 38.5% at good level, 24.4% at acceptable level, and 37.7% at unacceptable level. The rates of practice on HBV prevention were 58.5% at satisfied level and 41.5% at notsatified level. Knowledge was likely related to practice, age, educational level, and HBV positive rate. Practice on HBV prevention was also related to HBV infection. Conclusions: the rates of women with knowledge about HBV prevention at good level were relatively high. The rates of practice on HBV prevention at satisfied level were relatively low. Related factors of HBsAg positive rate: knowledge and practice about HBV prevention.
Hepatitis B/ prevention & ; control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ; Pregnant Women ;

Background: Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) is the major cause of human typhoid fever outbreaks. In fact, there were various typhoid fever outbreaks that occurred in China, and India that was caused by S.typhi strain without Vi antigen. Objective: To determine whether the S.typhi strains with mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen exists in Vietnam and the rate of mutation (if they exists). Subject and methods: 450 S.typhi isolates were collected in the Northern, Central and Southern Region of Vietnam during 1995 and 2005. The isolates were analyzed by the PCR method in order to detect mutants by using 2 primer pairs of tviB and DE. Results and Conclusion: There was no clear evidence on the relationship between the widely used Typhi Vi vaccine in Vietnam and the existence and spread of the mutation of gene encoding Vi antigen of S.typhi. 30 out of 450 isolates mutated losing the gene encoding of Vi antigen, making it 6.67%. These isolates were spread out between 1995 and 2005 throughout the Northern, Central and Southern Regions of Vietnam, with a peak in 1999. A noteworthy point was the rate of mutation of S.typhi losing the gene encoding of Vi antigen in Vietnam during the period of study. However, the mutation rate of S.typhi in Vietnam was still higher than the ratio of similar mutations being published in the other countries worldwide and higher than the recommended level of the World Health Organization.
gene mutation ; Salmonella typhi

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States, and is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease caused worldwide. Objective: To research the epidemiology of COPD in the population of Bac Giang city and finding out the risk factors of COPD. Subjects and method: Cross-sectional survey of general population sample of 2,104 men and women with the age \ufffd?0 years in 30 wards of 11 communes of Bac Giang city. Data on respiratory symptoms, diseases, and risk factors were collected. Lung function tests were performed with Spiroanalyzer snoo, Japan. Results and conclusions: The incidence of COPD was 2.3%; in men 3.0% and in women 1.7%. The incidence of simple chronic bronchitis was 6.4%. People who smoked had higher rate of COPD than the others (OR = 2.8). The incidence of smoking in COPD was 55.9%. The three most important risk factors of COPD was the age \ufffd?0; smoking >15 pack/year and medical history of asthma.
Pulmonary Disease ; Chronic Obstructive/ epidemiology

Background: Standard treatment for pleural infection includes of drainage and antibiotics. Chest tube drainage often fails if the fluid is loculated by fibrinous adhesions. Intrapleural fibrinolysis may facilitate pleural drainage. Objective: To evaluate the role of Streptokinase (STK) in the treatment of empyema and exudative pleural effusions. Subjects and method: A study included 34 patients (21 patients with exudative pleural effusions, 13 patients with empyema), aged 15-77 years. All patients received intrapleural STK daily with dose of 300.0000-500.000 UI for empyema and 300.000 UI for exudative pleural effusions. Response was assessed by clinical outcome, pleural fluid drainage, chest radiography, pleural ultrasound. Results: Mean pleural fluid drainage after STK instillation was higher in all patients. Pleural fluid drainage was 640 \xb1 494 ml before STK instillation and 823 \xb1 755 ml after STK instillation for empyema; 765 \xb1 691 ml before STK instillation and 1,033 \xb1 757 ml after STK instillation for exudative pleural effusions. The success rate of clinical outcome was 100%. Only 2 patients required decortications. Fever occurred in 3 patients (8.8%) and allergy in 1 patient (3%). Conclusions: Intrapleural STK was safe and effective in the treatment of empyema and exudative pleural effusions. STK prevents pleural adhesions and reduces the risks for surgery.
Streptokinase/ therapeutic use ; Empyema ; Pleural/therapy ; Pleural Effusion/ therapy

Background: Human Heparansulphate interacting protein (hHip) has been shown to participate in biological processes of cells. Several studies indicated that hHip transcript is up regulated in several of cancer tissues including those of thyroid, colon, breast and prostate. Antibody against hHIP is necessary for methods to evaluate protein level of HIP in cancer tissues. Objectives:The aims of study was to induce anti hHIP antibody in rabbit and purify and conserve purified anti hHIP antibody. Subjects and method: The study included 9 adult and healthy rabbits with the weight 2 - 2.5kg. Immunization hHIP peptide-KLH in rabbit. Purify anti hHIP antibody using affinity chromatography. Results: The results shown synthesize hHIP peptide and conjugate it with carrier protein. Sensitive rabbit better meet with hHIP-KLH antibody. The Ig concentration obtained in sensitive rabbit was rather high and equal. Immunization hHIP-KLH successfully in rabbit. Obtainment valuable amount of anti hHIP antibody. Conclusion: Successfully induce and purify anti hHIP antibody from rabbit. Establish a standard protocol for polyclonal antibody against small peptide in rabbit.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Carrier Proteins/ administration & ; dosage ; chemistry ; Rabbits

Background: Pediatric closed abdominal trauma is a common disease in surgical practice, in which spleen is the most vulnerable organ. As adults, diagnosis of pediatric splenic trauma is not difficult but treatment attitude of splenic trauma in children having more important differences compared with in adults, tending to conservative treatment without surgery. Objectives: To assess the results of pediatric splenic trauma treatment in Hue Central Hospital from 2001 to 2005. Subjects and method: To study on 43 pediatric patients (23 male, 20 female), mean age 11.35\xb13.51 years, were diagnosed with splenic trauma due to closed abdominal trauma, treated in Hue Central Hospital from September, 2001 to September, 2006. Results: 72.1% hospitalized patients with maximum blood pressure in normal limitation. There was not a statistic significant association between hypotension and indicated surgery. The rate of patients with splenic trauma due to traffic accidents, living accidents and sport activities were 62.8%, 32.6% and 4.7%, respective. 2 patients with combined traumatic brain injury without surgery (4.65%), 3 patients with combined hand fracture (6.97%). 3 patients in conservative treatment group changed to surgery (8.33%). A total of 76.7% patients treated with successful conservation. Conclusion: More than 60% patients with splenic trauma caused by traffic accidents and having stable hemodynamic index during hospitalization. The difference between position of splenic trauma and rupture degree of spleen both in surgical treatment group and successful conservative treatment group is statistically significant.
Spleen/ injuries ; Child ;

Background: Can Gio mangrove forest is bio-diversified area. There is few studies on medical arthropod in Can Gio mangrove forest until now. Objective: To study bio-diversified feature and identify species with disease transmitting role. Subject and Method: In 2007, medical arthropod surveys were conducted at 3 sites located in the natural conserve zone- Can Gio mangrove forest. A cross-sectional study was used. Results and Conclusions: A total of samples of 6178 individuals of medical arthropod belonging to 65 species have been collected, including 3 species of flea (Siphonaptera), 1 species of ticks (Ixodidae), 6 species of chiggers (Trombiculidae), 6 species of mites (Gamasoidea), 25 species of flies (Muscoidea) and 24 species of mosquitoes (Culicidae). They belong to 37 genus, 17 families, 3 orders (Siphonaptera, Acarina and Diptera), and 2 classes (Insecta and Arachnida). 20 species having epidemiological role were found in Can Gio mangrove forest. The rate of Anopheles epiroticus biting human at night indoor, outdoor and daytime indoor is rather high, especially at the end of dry season at centre of the forest.
Mangrove forest ; medical arthropod ; species ; genus

Papiliotrema huenov was previously reported to be highly tolerant of a range of extremely toxic heavy metals. This study aimed to identify the potential of P. huenov to remove manganese and copper from aqueous solution. Physical conditions which affect removal of Mn(II) and Cu(II) were determined. Optimal temperature for adsorption of both metal ions was 30°C, and optimal pH for maximum uptake of Mn(II) and Cu(II) were 5 and 6, respectively. Under these conditions, living cells of P. huenov accumulated up to 75.58% of 110 mg/ L Mn(II) and 70.5% of 128 mg/L Cu(II) over 120 h, whereas, the removal efficiency of metal ions by dead cells over 1 h was 60.3% and 56.5%, respectively. These results indicate that living cells are more effective than dead biomass for bioremediation, but that greater time is required. The experimental data extends the potential use of P. huenov in biosorption and bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals to copper and manganese, two of the most common industrial contaminants.