This study involved 27 patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia who were treated from November 1995 to November 1997. Among these, 13 cases received 1.5 mg/kg/day of prednisone and 14 cases received 4 mg/kg/day of cyclosporin-A. Results showed that the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin have increased in cyclosporin group, but not in prednisone group (p>0.05) during three months of treatment. After 3-month course of treatment, the cyclosporin group had better result in comparison with other group.
Anemia, Aplastic ; therapy ; erythrocytes ; therapeutics

Background: In Vietnam, the HIV/AIDS pandemic is quickly spreading, almost totally in young people and among injecting drug users.The transition phase from smoking to injecting is very important for the life of injecting drug users because it is a risk factor of disease transmission. Objectives: (1) To analyze the transition phase from smoking/sniffing to injecting of the young male heroin users in Ha Noi. (2) To describe some factors related to the transition phase in these people. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study carried out from September 2004 to September 2005 at 9 districts in Ha Noi city. The subjects were 1115 young men aged 16 to 29 years, who has been living in Ha Noi for over 6 months and smoked/sniffed heroin within the last 30 days. Results and conclusions: The average time of drug user in the 1115 subjects was 4.7 years. The majority started using drug at the age of 18.4 +/- 3.1 years. In which, 71 % consume the drugs by injection. The average time from smoking to injecting is 2.49 +/- 2.2 years. The main reasons for injecting drugs were for being faster \u2018on the height\u2019 (42%) and cheaper (40%). Some factors related to the transition phase included: age of the first heroin use, year of the first heroin use, situation for migrating into Ha Noi, knowledge level, the kind of drug used for the first time. Young people began using heroin in the year 2000 had a quicker transition phase than those using heroin before 1997 (p< 0.01).
injecting drug user ; drug user ; heroin

Purpose: To investigate the variability in urinary stone composition analysis due to sampling and suggest potential solutions. Materials and Methods: We collected 1,135 stone fragments from 149 instances that had undergone a stone removal at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from January 2022 to August 2022. Each fragment was ground into fine powder and divided into separate specimens if the amount was abundant. For composition analyzing every specimen, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed. The composition of a given fragment was the average of its belonging specimens. The variability in composition was assessed on the fragment level (i.e., between fragments of an instance). We defined an instance as “significantly variable” if the maximum difference in any composition across its belonging fragments was equal to or greater than a given threshold. Results: On average, there were 7.6±3.3 stone fragments per instance and 2.3±0.5 specimens per fragment. We found that the variability could be substantial on the fragment level. Eighty-nine (69.5%) and 70 (54.7%) out of 128 multiple-component instances were significantly variable if the threshold was set at 20% and 30%, respectively. The variability of an instance on the fragment level was correlated with the size of fragment and the number of components. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the significant variability in urinary stone composition and showed that it correlated with the size and the impurity of samples. Mapping denotation while sampling and analyzing as well as reporting the composition of individual fragments could be valuable to reduce potential variability.

Purpose: To investigate the variability in urinary stone composition analysis due to sampling and suggest potential solutions. Materials and Methods: We collected 1,135 stone fragments from 149 instances that had undergone a stone removal at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from January 2022 to August 2022. Each fragment was ground into fine powder and divided into separate specimens if the amount was abundant. For composition analyzing every specimen, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed. The composition of a given fragment was the average of its belonging specimens. The variability in composition was assessed on the fragment level (i.e., between fragments of an instance). We defined an instance as “significantly variable” if the maximum difference in any composition across its belonging fragments was equal to or greater than a given threshold. Results: On average, there were 7.6±3.3 stone fragments per instance and 2.3±0.5 specimens per fragment. We found that the variability could be substantial on the fragment level. Eighty-nine (69.5%) and 70 (54.7%) out of 128 multiple-component instances were significantly variable if the threshold was set at 20% and 30%, respectively. The variability of an instance on the fragment level was correlated with the size of fragment and the number of components. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the significant variability in urinary stone composition and showed that it correlated with the size and the impurity of samples. Mapping denotation while sampling and analyzing as well as reporting the composition of individual fragments could be valuable to reduce potential variability.

Purpose: To investigate the variability in urinary stone composition analysis due to sampling and suggest potential solutions. Materials and Methods: We collected 1,135 stone fragments from 149 instances that had undergone a stone removal at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from January 2022 to August 2022. Each fragment was ground into fine powder and divided into separate specimens if the amount was abundant. For composition analyzing every specimen, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed. The composition of a given fragment was the average of its belonging specimens. The variability in composition was assessed on the fragment level (i.e., between fragments of an instance). We defined an instance as “significantly variable” if the maximum difference in any composition across its belonging fragments was equal to or greater than a given threshold. Results: On average, there were 7.6±3.3 stone fragments per instance and 2.3±0.5 specimens per fragment. We found that the variability could be substantial on the fragment level. Eighty-nine (69.5%) and 70 (54.7%) out of 128 multiple-component instances were significantly variable if the threshold was set at 20% and 30%, respectively. The variability of an instance on the fragment level was correlated with the size of fragment and the number of components. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the significant variability in urinary stone composition and showed that it correlated with the size and the impurity of samples. Mapping denotation while sampling and analyzing as well as reporting the composition of individual fragments could be valuable to reduce potential variability.

Purpose: To investigate the variability in urinary stone composition analysis due to sampling and suggest potential solutions. Materials and Methods: We collected 1,135 stone fragments from 149 instances that had undergone a stone removal at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from January 2022 to August 2022. Each fragment was ground into fine powder and divided into separate specimens if the amount was abundant. For composition analyzing every specimen, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed. The composition of a given fragment was the average of its belonging specimens. The variability in composition was assessed on the fragment level (i.e., between fragments of an instance). We defined an instance as “significantly variable” if the maximum difference in any composition across its belonging fragments was equal to or greater than a given threshold. Results: On average, there were 7.6±3.3 stone fragments per instance and 2.3±0.5 specimens per fragment. We found that the variability could be substantial on the fragment level. Eighty-nine (69.5%) and 70 (54.7%) out of 128 multiple-component instances were significantly variable if the threshold was set at 20% and 30%, respectively. The variability of an instance on the fragment level was correlated with the size of fragment and the number of components. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the significant variability in urinary stone composition and showed that it correlated with the size and the impurity of samples. Mapping denotation while sampling and analyzing as well as reporting the composition of individual fragments could be valuable to reduce potential variability.

Introduction: The need for gama \u2013 globulin, especially gama - globulin - anti \u2013 HBs, is huge in Vietnam. A number of patients cannot to afford use them due to the high price as they are imported. Meanwhile, Vietnam has high quality input sources for producing gama \u2013 globulin. \r\n', u'Objectives: To study the production process of gama - Globulin from Human Plasma and Standard gama - Globulin with Rich of Anti \u2013 HBs. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: 168 samples of human plasma from voluntary blood donors, which had been screened with for transfusion transmittable infections (TTLs), were chosen as plasma with rich of anti - HBs. The plasma with anti - HBsAg was precipitated with ethanol 25%, pH 6,9 to gain gama - globulin with rich anti - HBs, which was dried by Dutch Ly - 3 - TTE machine. Activation of anti - HBs gama - globulin was identified by a standard method of the degree of antibody specific for anti - HBsAg kit of BIORAD, \r\n', u'Results: The purity of the gama - globulin achieved was 93%, which was almost equal with the results of some foreign researchers (7.8), the activation of anti - HBs was 1:128 dilution degree. The productivity of gama - globulin gaining from 1 litter plasma was 6.0 gram. This new issue was first demonstrated in Vietnam. \r\n', u'Conclusion: We can domestically produce anti-Bs gama - globulin with high degree of activeness (1:128) from human plasma by the precipitating method with ethanol, pH and low temperature. \r\n', u'
Human plasma ; gama - globulin - anti - HBs ; Precipitation of ethanol ; pH and low temperature

Background: s/Aims: Hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis are frequent pathologies and unfortunately, with the current treatment strategies, the recurrence incidence is still high. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic choledochotomy using cholangioscopy via the percutaneous-choledochal tube for the treatment of hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in Vietnamese patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy using intraoperative cholangioscopy via percutaneous-choledochal tube at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, 108 Military Central Hospital, from June 2017 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were analyzed. Most patients were females (56.0%) with a median age of 55.56 years. Among them, 41.8% of patients had previous abdominal operations, with 33.4% having choledochotomy. All patients underwent successful laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by T-tube drainage without needing to convert to open surgery. Most patients (64.3%) had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic stones. The rate of stones ≥ 10 mm in diameter was 64.3%. Biliary strictures were observed in 19.1% of patients during cholangioscopy. Complete removal of stones was achieved in 54.8% of patients. Intraoperative complications were encountered in two patients, but there was no need to change the strategy. The mean operating time was 121.85 ± 30.47 minutes.The early postoperative complication rate was 9.6%, and all patients were managed conservatively. The residual stones were removed through the T-tube tract by subsequent choledochoscopy in 34/38 patients, so the total success rate was 95.2%. Conclusions Laparoscopic choledochotomy combined with cholangioscopy through the percutaneous-choledochal tube is a safe and effective strategy for hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis, even in patients with a previous choledochotomy.

Background: s/Aims: Hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis are frequent pathologies and unfortunately, with the current treatment strategies, the recurrence incidence is still high. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic choledochotomy using cholangioscopy via the percutaneous-choledochal tube for the treatment of hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in Vietnamese patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy using intraoperative cholangioscopy via percutaneous-choledochal tube at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, 108 Military Central Hospital, from June 2017 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were analyzed. Most patients were females (56.0%) with a median age of 55.56 years. Among them, 41.8% of patients had previous abdominal operations, with 33.4% having choledochotomy. All patients underwent successful laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by T-tube drainage without needing to convert to open surgery. Most patients (64.3%) had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic stones. The rate of stones ≥ 10 mm in diameter was 64.3%. Biliary strictures were observed in 19.1% of patients during cholangioscopy. Complete removal of stones was achieved in 54.8% of patients. Intraoperative complications were encountered in two patients, but there was no need to change the strategy. The mean operating time was 121.85 ± 30.47 minutes.The early postoperative complication rate was 9.6%, and all patients were managed conservatively. The residual stones were removed through the T-tube tract by subsequent choledochoscopy in 34/38 patients, so the total success rate was 95.2%. Conclusions Laparoscopic choledochotomy combined with cholangioscopy through the percutaneous-choledochal tube is a safe and effective strategy for hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis, even in patients with a previous choledochotomy.

Background: s/Aims: Hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis are frequent pathologies and unfortunately, with the current treatment strategies, the recurrence incidence is still high. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic choledochotomy using cholangioscopy via the percutaneous-choledochal tube for the treatment of hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in Vietnamese patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy using intraoperative cholangioscopy via percutaneous-choledochal tube at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, 108 Military Central Hospital, from June 2017 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were analyzed. Most patients were females (56.0%) with a median age of 55.56 years. Among them, 41.8% of patients had previous abdominal operations, with 33.4% having choledochotomy. All patients underwent successful laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by T-tube drainage without needing to convert to open surgery. Most patients (64.3%) had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic stones. The rate of stones ≥ 10 mm in diameter was 64.3%. Biliary strictures were observed in 19.1% of patients during cholangioscopy. Complete removal of stones was achieved in 54.8% of patients. Intraoperative complications were encountered in two patients, but there was no need to change the strategy. The mean operating time was 121.85 ± 30.47 minutes.The early postoperative complication rate was 9.6%, and all patients were managed conservatively. The residual stones were removed through the T-tube tract by subsequent choledochoscopy in 34/38 patients, so the total success rate was 95.2%. Conclusions Laparoscopic choledochotomy combined with cholangioscopy through the percutaneous-choledochal tube is a safe and effective strategy for hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis, even in patients with a previous choledochotomy.