The capillaroscopy is a method to early diagnose the symptoms of capillary spasm in the vibration. Beside of usual microscope M- 70 A of Soviet Union, any microscope can be used to illuminate and take the photograph of the capillary of finger transnail skin fold.
Microscopic Angioscopy ; Fingers

No abstract available.
Angioplasty ; Angioscopy ; Lasers, Excimer ; Stents

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) in diagnosing Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and in differentiating primary RP from secondary RP comparing with nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC). METHODS: Microvascularity in the nailfold and finger tip of ten healthy controls and 36 patients with primary RP (n=16) or secondary RP (systemic sclerosis, n=20) was evaluated using PDU before and after cold challenge, respectively. Also, NFC was performed in all persons. The results of PDU were compared with the findings of NFC. RESULTS: According to the change of microvascularities before and after cold challenge, the findings of PDU are classified into 3 patterns such as normal, primary RP, and secondary RP. PDU yielded a correct classification in 87.5% of the persons analyzed (normal=100%, primary RP=87.5%, secondary RP=75%) and confirmed presence of RP in all patients with clinically diagnosed RP. There was good correlation between PDU and NFC examination for differentiating primary RP from secondary RP (Kappa=0.611, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The PDU technique is a useful and reliable method to diagnose RP and to discriminate between primary RP and secondary RP and the results of PDU is well correlated with those of NFC examination.
Classification ; Fingers ; Humans ; Microscopic Angioscopy* ; Sclerosis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler*

This paper introduces the recent study and development of an aided endoscopic surgical robot system, and discusses its future trends--teleoperative robot system and telesurgery system. In addition, their key technologies are analyzed here in the paper.
Angioscopy ; Endoscopy ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Robotics ; instrumentation ; trends ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; Thoracoscopy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between thrombosis and stability of atherosclerotic plaque within criminal vessels in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) by coronary angioscopy, to explore the clinical pathological basis for acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

METHODSSixty-eight patients with UAP were enrolled, the patients with post-infarction angina pectoris and variant angina pectoris were excluded. There were 48 males and 20 females, aged from 40 to 73 (average 62.4 +/- 8.6) years. The criminal vessels of there patients were observed by coronary angioscopy during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy.

RESULTSThere were 68 criminal vessels in 68 patients. Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in all criminal vessels. Among criminal vessels, thrombi and intimae lesions were detected in 63 cases and 46 cases, respectively. Among 68 cases with atherosclerotic plaques, there were 48 cases of yellow plaques (70.5%), 18 cases of light yellow plaques (26.5%) and 2 cases of white plaques (2.94%). Sixty-three thrombi cases were mural and on-occlusive, which included 11 cases of red or mixed thrombi (17.5%) and 52 cases of white or pink thrombi (82.5%). All intimae lesions were accompanied by thrombosis, which included 11 cases of red or mixed thrombi (23.9%) and 35 cases of white or pink thrombi (76.1%).

CONCLUSIONThe study has shown that the rupture of unstable yellow plaque and its thrombosis were the pathological basis of UAP. Therefore, stabilizing yellow plaque before its rupture may play critical role in prevention and treatment of ACS.

Adult ; Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; pathology ; Angioscopy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Thrombosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

The significant morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease has spurred the development of intravascular imaging devices to optimize the detection and assessment of coronary lesions and percutaneous coronary interventions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) uses reflected ultrasound waves to quantitatively and qualitatively assess lesions; integrated backscatter and virtual histology IVUS more precisely characterizes plaque composition; angioscopy directly visualize thrombus and plaque; optical coherence tomography using near-infrared (NIR) light with very high spatial resolution provides more accurate images; and the recently introduced NIR spectroscopy identifies chemical components in coronary artery plaques based on differential light absorption in the NIR spectrum. This article reviews usefulness of these devices and hybrids thereof.
Absorption ; Angioscopy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Mortality ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Thrombosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is characterized by reversible digital vasospasm triggered by exposure to cold or emotional stress. It manifests with unique 'triphasic' (pallor, cyanosis, erythema) or 'biphasic' (white, blue) color change. Clinically, RP is classified as primary RP, which does not have an underlying associated cause with a relatively benign course, and secondary RP, which predates various cause such as systemic connective tissue disease (CTD). Therefore, RP must be differentiated for detection of emerging CTD such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus, and mixed conective tissue disease, ect. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a non-invasive morphological study used routinely with antinuclear antibodies for parallel of secondary RP. A recent study showed NFC to be the best predictor of transition from a primary RP to secondary RP. The well-established role of NFC for early diagnosis of SSc, and potential for monitoring disease progression and predictive clinical complication makes NFC an important tool in research and clinical practice. In this paper, I present a recent update with emphasis on its possible role as a reliable diagnostic tool and biomarker in secondary RP.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Cyanosis ; Disease Progression ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Microscopic Angioscopy* ; Raynaud Disease ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Stress, Psychological

Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a non-invasive morphological study that routinely used to differentiate between a primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Secondary RP is a manifestation of an underlying rheumatic disease that occurs in 80-95% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 75% of patients with mixed connective tissue disease and in 20-25% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. These RP frequently precedes the underlying disease by many years. The well-established roles of NFC are the early diagnosis of SSc, and potential for predicting clinical complication, as like digital ulcers. The following review will present a technique about how to perform NFC and optimal assessment with emphasis on its possible role as a reliable diagnostic tool.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Microscopic Angioscopy* ; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease ; Rheumatic Diseases* ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Treatment Outcome* ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate of virtual angioscopy was implemented using MR(magnetic resonance) angiography image of carotid artery. METHODS: The endoscopy system provides a 3D volume rendered image as a navigation map and has the multi planar reformation image along the path and a 2D axial image as a reference image. We segmented the common carotid artery and internal, external carotid artery from the MR angiography image. We used the coordinates as a navigation path for virtual camera that were calculated from medial axis transformation. We used the perspective projection and marching cube algorithm to render the surface from volumetric MR angiography image data. RESULTS: The virtual angioscopy is highly recommended as a diagnosis tool with which the specific place of stenosis can be identified and the degree of stenosis can be measured qualitatively. CONCLUSION: Virtual angioscopy is one of the powerful tool for non-invasive carotid artery and many in-vitro, in-vivo studies have shown the artery stenosis detection. Inside of the carotid artery is one of the body region not accessible by real optical endoscopy but can be visualized with virtual endoscopy.
Angiography* ; Angioscopy* ; Arteries ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Body Regions ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Artery, External ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy

PURPOSE: The major source of acute peripheral arterial occlusion has been embolization from the heart. However overall improvement in medical care have increased life spans, resulting in significant increase in the incidence of systemic atherosclerosis and thrombotic occlusion of peripheral vessels. Recently, occlusion from in situ thrombosis has surpassed occlusion from embolization as the major cause of acute arterial occlusion. The introduction of the balloon catheter technique in 1963 dramatically simplified the technical aspect of surgical therapy for acute arterial occlusion and it became the main modality of the therapy. Recently, numerous reports have documented increased identification of intraluminal defects after arterial surgery using angioscopy as compared with those using intraoperative arteriography, and for this reason, the use of intraluminal angioscopy has grown in popularity. METHODS: We analyzed clinical characteristics and treatment results in patients with acute arterial occlusion. The variables studied include location, etiology, time interval from occurrence of occlusion to performance of thromboembolectomy. RESULTS: There were 41 men and 4 women and most prevalent age group was in 7th decades. The causes of acute arterial occlusion were embolism in 21 cases (46.7%), thrombosis in 24 cases (53.3%). The primary source of embolism was heart in 20 cases as a result of ischemic heart disease (n=11, 52.4%) and atrial fibrillation (n=9, 42.9%). Two patients in embolic group died of cardiogenic shock and were in shorter duration group (<24 hours). Iliac arterial occlusion group was associated with highest amputation rate (23.1%). Amputation rates were 12.5% for thromboembolectomy performed within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, and 17.4% when performed after 48 hours. We used angioscopic technique in limited cases of 5 patients to detect residual thrombus, intimal flap and other intraluminal defects. CONCLUSION: To improve outcome, early diagnosis and early treatment are essential. Direct visualization of the arterial lumen with angioscopy during thromboembolectomy procedure would provide a more reliable method of assessing luminal morphologic characteristics than angiography alone.
Amputation ; Angiography ; Angioscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Catheters ; Early Diagnosis ; Embolism ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Phenobarbital ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Thrombosis