Female ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Male ; Music ; Noise ; adverse effects

INTRODUCTIONNoise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a preventable condition, and much has been done to protect workers from it. However, thus far, little attention has been given to leisure NIHL. The purpose of this study is to determine the possible music listening preferences and habits among young people in Singapore that may put them at risk of developing leisure NIHL.

METHODSIn our study, the proportion of participants exposed to > 85 dBA for eight hours a day (time-weighted average) was calculated by taking into account the daily number of hours spent listening to music and by determining the average sound pressure level at which music was listened to.

RESULTSA total of 1,928 students were recruited from Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore. Of which, 16.4% of participants listened to portable music players with a time-weighted average of > 85 dBA for 8 hours. On average, we found that male students were more likely to listen to music at louder volumes than female students (p < 0.001). We also found that the Malay students in our study listened to louder music than the Chinese students (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONWe found that up to one in six young persons in Singapore is at risk of developing leisure NIHL from music delivered via earphones. As additional risks due to exposure to leisure noise from other sources was not taken into account, the extent of the problem of leisure NIHL may be even greater. There is a compelling need for an effective leisure noise prevention program among young people in Singapore.

Adolescent ; Audiometry ; Female ; Habits ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; MP3-Player ; Male ; Music ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Risk ; Singapore ; Students ; Young Adult