Cancelling drug price addition is one of public hospital reform content, under the condition of insufficient financial input, public hospitals should enhance the drug cost management, taking measures to reduce drug proportion, to deal with all kinds of hospital operation problems produced by hospital income decline due to the cancellation of drug addition. Through years of exploration and practice, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University has controlled the rising of drug cost effectively and received better effect, which built a good foundation of public hospital reform.

Objective By culturing the osteoclasts together with the osteoblasts directly to investigate the effect of osteoblasts on the formation of mature osteoclasts.Methods The bone marrow mononuclear cells of rats were treated with 30?g/L M-CSF and 50?g/L RANKL and cultured for 6 days.Subsequently,the primary osteoblasts which were of the same quantity as the osteoclasts were co-cultured directly.In the co-culture system,we added the liquid containing 1,25-(OH)2D3 1?10-8mol/L and PGE2 1?10-6mol/L.The morphological observation,TRAP staining and pit staining were adopted to identify osteoclasts.Results When the osteoclasts were co-cultured with primary osteoblasts,the growth of osteoblasts had more preponderances.After staining,we could see more osteoblasts than osteoclasts.Conclusion The relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is related to the relative quantities of the two cells.When osteoblasts outnumber osteoclasts,osteoblasts would inhibit the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts.

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a typical type Ⅲ hypersensitivity with a large number of immune complexes (IC) and complement deposits in the synovial tissue , but its specific pathogenesis is not yet clear.This article was to explore the expression of the antigenic profile of serum ICs in RA.Methods ICs were isolated from the serum of 55 patients with RA (41 cases of anti-CCP antibody [+] and 14 cases of anti-CCP antibody [-]), 41 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and another 41 healthy controls by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, separated by immunoprecipitation, digested with trypsin in gel, and then subjected to mass spectrometry for identification.The levels of total proteins were compared among different groups using Vennny 2.1.0.The protein expression was considered to be up-regulated when the total protein level of the RA group was >2 times and down-regulated when it was <0.5 times that of the control.Further functional analysis was performed on the differential proteins in RA using the STRING software.Results Totally, 277 proteins were identified in the serum ICs of the RA patients, including 162 in the anti-CCP (+) and 248 in the anti-CCP (-) RA group.Compared with the SLE and healthy control groups, only 129 proteins were found in the RA patients, including 38 in the anti-CCP (+), 109 in the anti-CCP (-) RA group, and 18 in both the two groups.Among the proteins identified in the RA patients and healthy controls, 2 and 11 were up-regulated while 17 and 21 down-regulated in the anti-CCP (+) and anti-CCP (-) RA group, respectively.Conclusion More differentially expressed proteins were identified in the anti-CCP (-) than in the anti-CCP (+) RA patients.The identification of differentially expressed proteins provides a new idea and direction for the investigation of the pathogenesis and new biomarkers of RA.

Objective To analyze the five years change of bacterial infection adn drug resistance in PICU and to provide evidence for use of na tibiotics rationally.Methods Al the pathoeg nic bacteria from patients in PICU of our hospital from January 1 2009 to Deec mber 31 2013 were analyzed retrospectiev ly. T hey were divided into five subgroups according to differetn years.Pathogenic batc eria and drug resistance in different years wre e collected na d the changes of such bacterial infection and drug resistance were compared and summarized.Results A total of 2 201 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from 14 361 specimens of five-year patients in PICU.The rate of gram negative bacteria in 2009 to 2013 were 83.2%,71.0%, 59.8%,58.9%, 52.5% respe ctively.The rate of gram positive bacteria in 2009 to 2013 were 16.8%, 29.0%,40.2%, 41.1%, 47.5% respectively.Top five pathogenic bacteria were staphylocco cus aureus (16.6%,366 strains),Escherichia coli (16.2%,357 strains),klebsiella pnue moniae (15.2%,334 strains), streptococ us pneumoniae (9.2%,202 strains),haemophilus influenzae (6.8%,149 strains).The infection rate of staphylococcus aureus increased year by year(6.4% to 27.0%).Drug sensitivity tets indicated that the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases ( ESBL) positive escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were 28.3%and 38.3%,respectivle y.The rate of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) was 26.0%.Based on non-meningitis criterion,rate of penicillin resistance streptococcus pneumonia and multiple-drugresistance streptococcus pneumonia was 19.3%and 58.9%,respectively.There were no obvious changes in resistance rate of above-mentioned bacteria during the recent five years.Conclusion In the recent five years,gram negative bacteria is still the prevalent strain in PICU of our hospital,however the rate of gram positive bacteria increases year by year and staphylococcus aureus has become one of the five most common bacteria.The rate of ESBL positive escherichia coli,ESBL positive klebsiella pneumonia and MRSA has no obvious changes.Analysis of pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistance surveillance are of vital importance to guide treatments for critically ill patients and reduce drug-resistant bacterial strains.

Objective To dynamic monitor the level of D--dimer after transfusion treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and the possibility of thrombosis. Methods To retrospective analyze and compare of the level of D-dimer of 10 cases with postpartum hemorrhage, while the one in 20 eases of normal confinement in our hospital of year 2008. Results The level of D-dimer in the ease of postpartum hemorrhage was significantly higher than the one in the ease of normal confinement, and this difference indicated important significance(P<0.01).Dynamic monitoring 10 eases of emergency treatment of patients with plasma D-dimer levels with the effective condition improved after treatment and gradually decreased. Conclusion D-dimer is the main mark of secondary fibrinolysis, and the results reflect the function of D-dimer in vascular endothelial injury and blood coagulation, anti-coagulation and fibrinolytie. Furthermore, it has important significance in the understanding of the body's blood coagulation status and the prediction of mierothrombus formation, bleeding tendency, or the occurrence and development of disseminated intravaseular coagulation(DIC), development

[Objective]To analyze the chemical components of the compound essential oil for mosquito repellent,which was composed of Menthae haplocalyx Briq.,Spirodela polyrrhiza(L.)Schleid,Acorus tatarinowii Schott and Rosmarinus offiicinalis L.,and to evaluate its repellent effect.[Methods]The chemical components of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the repellent activity of the essential oil against adult Aedes albopictus was evaluated according to the"Efficacy Test and Evaluation of Space Repellent Products(Y-tube Method)".[Results]Fifty-eight main volatile components were identified,accounting for 98.28％of the total components of essential oil,eighteen terpenes(44.99％),nine alkenes(20.27％),five esters(14.07％),eight aromatic hydrocarbons(12.00％),seven alkanes(3.48％),nine alcohols(2.78％),two ketones(0.69％).The percent repellency(PR)of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil against Aedes albopictus was more than 90％on average.[Conclusion]There were many chemical components in the compound mosquito repellent essential oil.There may be a variety of chemical components such as menthol,menthone,α-pinene,etc,which had a repellent effect on Aedes albopictus,and the average repellent effect reached the A level.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the detailed failure mechanisms of revision hip arthroplasties and related risk factors.

METHODSFrom November 1988 to July 2008 revision of total hip arthroplasties was performed in 327 patients. The medical history, clinical and imaging material and operation records were investigated.

RESULTSRegarding revision as the end point of the study, the reasons for 327 revision arthroplasties were aseptic loosening in 226 hips (69.1%), infection in 52 hips (15.9%), periprosthetic fracture in 22 hips (6.7%), instability in 17 hips (5.2%), stem fracture in 5 hips (1.5%) and liner dissociation in 5 hips (1.5%).

CONCLUSIONSThe main failure mechanisms of primary hip arthroplasties are aseptic loosening and infection of implants, which could be attributed to improper selection of operation indications and implants and limitations to surgical philosophy and technique.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Prosthesis Failure ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surgical Wound Infection ; Treatment Failure

OBJECTIVETo establish a culture method for a large amount of highly purified osteoclast-like cells in vitro. To investigate the gene expression of some osteoclast marker enzymes. To lay the foundation for the further study of the signal path on the differentiation and formation of osteoclast-like cells.

METHODSThe bone marrow mononuclear cells of rat were treated with 30 ng/mL macrophagecolony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and 50 ng/mL receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and cultured for 6 days. After culturing, cells were evaluated by morphology observation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Giemsa staining, pit staining, and the gene expression of some osteoclast marker enzymes.

RESULTSThe TRAP-positive mononuclear cells were more frequently observed than the multinucleated cells and pit staining could be seen on the dentine slice. The transcription expression of TRAP, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), membrane-type1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and cathepsin K were detected by RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe cooperation of M-CSF and RANKL could induce a large amount of highly purified osteoclast-like cells formation in rat bone marrow culture. The typical characteristics of osteoclast-like cells were demonstrated and the enriched osteoclast-like cells expressed TRAP, MMP-9, MT1-MMP and cathepsin K.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cathepsin K ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; In Vitro Techniques ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Osteoclasts ; RANK Ligand ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B

OBJECTIVETo screen a variety of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) common outer membrane proteins with two-dimensional liquid phase fractionation (PF2D) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) and provide candidate target antigen for the design of vaccines with cross protection against a variety of Pg.

METHODSThe outer membrane proteins of Pg301, PgATCC33277 and PgW83 were extracted through ultracentrifugation, and then they were separated by ProteomeLab PF2D protein fractionation system. After separation, the outer membrane proteins were obtained through comparison, and the primary structure of the proteins was identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and database.

RESULTSNinety-nine protein samples out of 3 strains of Pg were obtained after the high performance chromato focusing (HPCF) separation process. B7 fractions of 3 strains of Pg were separated by the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPCL) separation process. After comparison of peak and retention time of chromatogram, the 8 common protein peaks of 3 strains of Pg were confirmed. The protein samples were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, and one of them was known protein arg-gingipain A.

CONCLUSIONSPF2D protein fractionation system is of good reproducibility and high resolution. A combination of PF2D and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS can be used to identify the common outer membrane proteins of Pg.

Antigens, Bacterial ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; Membrane Proteins ; analysis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; immunology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Vaccines

INTRODUCTIONThe proteins found in tears play an important role in maintaining the ocular surface and changes in tear protein components may reflect changes in the health of the ocular surface. Proteomics provides a comprehensive approach for cataloguing all the proteins of the tear proteome, which will help to elucidate disease pathogenesis, make clinical diagnoses and evaluate the influence of medications on the structure, composition and secretion of tear proteins. In this study, an alternative proteomic strategy was investigated to explore the human tear proteome.

MATERIALS AND METHODSTear samples were obtained from patients who had pterygium and were collected on the first day and third day after pterygium surgery. Tears pooled from 6 patients were used in the analysis. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatograph (RPHPLC) was used as the first step to separate intact proteins into 21 peaks. Each fraction was then tryptic-digested and analysed by nanoLC-nano-ESI-MS/MS to characterise the protein components in each fraction.

RESULTSIn total, 60 tear proteins were identified with high confidence, including well-known abundant tear proteins, and tear-specific proteins such as lacritin and proline-rich proteins. Among them, proline-rich protein 5 was found for the first time in tear fluid. A large number of plasma proteins were also observed in tear fluid.

CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that the proteomic strategy used in this study was successfully applied to analyse tear proteome.

Eye Proteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Proteome ; Tears ; chemistry