Objective:To optimize the extraction technique for practolol oral liquids. Methods:An orthogonal test was adopted in the study. The content transfer rate of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re, and the extraction rate were used as the indices, the com-prehensive scoring method was applied central to optimize the experimental data, and SPSS 17. 0 statistical software was employed to process the data. The extraction process was optimized. Results:The optimized technology was as follows:8-fold amount of 70% etha-nol, and extracting three times with 60min for each. Conclusion: The preferred process is scientific, reasonable, economical and practical, and suitable for the industrial production.

Objective　To summarize and analyze human rabies epidemic situation in the last five years in China and to explore the possible factors causing the rising of epidemics to provide reference for the prevention and control of rabies in the future. Methods　Collecting and analyzing data of rabies epidemics in the last five years in whole nation. Results　Human rabies is continuing going up in the last five years in China with an increase of 44.65%, 1.74% and 45.93% in 1997, 1998, 1999. Human rabies incidence was also seen an increase from 0.013　4/100 000 in 1996 to 0.027　08/100 000 in 1999. The provinces of rabies increase were mainly located in south China. Among them, Jiangsu province reported 40 human cases in 1999, which increased 207.69% than the corresponding period in 1998. The cases in these high epidemic provinces took up 75% of the whole nation's cases. Number of reported rabies case was also rising. Conclusion　Facts as increasing number of dog raising, having not been injected with rabies vaccine and antirabies serum timely or full course after exposure, unstrictly controlling the quality of rabies vaccine as well as lacking good cooperation in different official department on rabies control might serve as factors responsible for the recurrent increase of human rabies.

Objective:To understand outcome of heroin addicts after abstinence and analyze the factors related to relapse. Methods:A follow-up of 149 heroin addicts in a correction camp was carried out at 6th months after their discharge. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, addiction severity and psychiatric comorbidity were compared between those who relapsed and those who remained abstinent. Results: 22.8% of the subjects were abstinent, 46.3% relapsed, 29.5% in probation or in treatment,1.3% died. Relapse was related to the presence of drug addiction in family members, lack of abstinence intention, antisocial personality disorder, lack of rehabilitation therapy, intravenous heroin use and ASI scores in heroin abuse, composite family/social and legal factors. Conclusion:The outcome of heroin dependence after correction was poor. Relapse was related to family environment, abstinence intention, the heroin addiction severity,antisocial personality disorder.

BACKGROUND:Inflamed dental pulp stem cells are a new kind of dental pulp stem cells, and there is no systematic review on the cells by now. OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the research progress in inflamed dental pulp stem cells. METHODS:A computer-based online search in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases was performed for related articles published from the establishment of the databases to February 2014. The keywords were“(pulptis or inflam*dental pulp*or human dental pulp with irreversible pulpitis) and stem cel*”in English and Chinese, respectively. Hand searching was also done to obtain further information or papers about the studies. The results were qualitatively analyzed to comprehensively summarize the progress in the research of inflamed dental pulp stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 11 papers were involved in result analysis that comprehensively review the research progress in inflamed dental pulp stem cells at the fol owing aspects:the research of history, material origin, cellculture, cel-surface markers, proliferation ability, multi-directional differentiation potential, animal models and clinical use. Researches of inflamed dental pulp stem cells are stil in the initial stage, and cultivating conditions and the establishment of animal models are stil in the exploratory phase. Controversies stil exist in the capacity of proliferation and multi-directional differentiation of the inflamed dental pulp stem cells. And fewer studies have been done in the characteristics of immunity, subpopulation and clinical use of the inflamed dental pulp stem cells.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of 15 cases of Poland's syndrome and to explore the suitable treatment strategies. Methods A retrospective study of 15 adult patients with Poland's syndrome was conducted and the related literature was reviewed. According to the development of pectoralis muscles and breast, chest deformities were classified into 2 grades: mild and severe. Mild form was limited to absence of partial pectoralis major muscle, with variable hypoplasia of other minor components (such as the size of breast and the size and position of the nipple-areola complex), leading to a mild chest wall asymmetry. Severe form was characterized by absence or severe hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle and mammary gland with an evident chest wall asymmetry. Combined with gender, adult patients were divided into 4 types: female mild, female severe, male mild, and male severe. Each type had its own treatment strategies based on its anatomic features: silicone implant insertion for female mild type;latissimus dorsi muscular flap transposition and silicone implant insertion for female severe type;fat injection for male mild type;latissimus dorsi muscular flap transposition for male severe type of the patients. From 2003 to 2008, 15 adult cases were admitted to our ward, aged from 16 to 34 years.The case number of each type was 6, 6, 2 and 1, respectively. One severe female patients rejected any surgical interventions;the others were all treated as the above. Results Follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 4 years. This series had got satisfactory results with good breast symmetry and natural texture. All the latissimus dorsi muscular flaps survived well. No postoperative complications, such as implant capsular contracture or implant displacement, were observed. Conclusion The manifestations of Poland's syndrome are extremely varied. This classification method is simple but useful, which could effectively direct the individualized treatment for the complete and adequate rehabilitation. Latissimus dorsi muscular flap, pedicled or free transplanted, pulsing silicone implant in females, are the first choices for severe chest deformations of this syndrome.

Objective To investigate the effect of C225 on DNA repair and molecular pathways in CL187 colorectal cancer cells after irradiated by 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds.Methods In the experiment involved were four groups:control group,100 nmol/L C225 treatment group,125Ⅰ radioactive seeds continuous low-dose rate irradiation group and C225 combined with 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds continuous lowdose rate irradiation group.Cells were collected at 48 h after 4 Gy irradiation,and γH2AX foci/cell and γH2AX foci positive cells were counted with immunofluorescence.At the same time,DNA repair proteins were detected by Western blot.Cells were lyzed immediately after 4 Gy irradiation,and changs in EGFR downstream signaling molecules were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with 125Ⅰ seeds irradiated cells,cells treated with C225 and 125Ⅰ seeds irradiation showed more γH2AX foci per cell (t =8.0,P =0.05),and more γH2AX foci positive cells (t =6.8,P ＜ 0.05) and less expression of Ku70 (t =6.6,P ＜ 0.05) and DNA-PKcs (t =5.6,P ＜ 0.05).Combined with 125Ⅰ-CLDR irradiation,C225 reduced cellular EGFR level(t =4.9,P ＜0.05) and inhibited the activation of Akt(t =5.5,P ＜0.05).Conclusions In the condition of 125Ⅰ seeds irradiation,C225 reduced the expression of Ku70 and DNA-PKcs,inhibited the activation of Akt and attenuated the DNA damage repair capacity in CL187 colorectal cancer cells.

Objective To study the impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B specific Bw4 epitope on disease progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Methods Eighty-six cases of HCV infection through paid blood donation were enrolled in the study.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect HCV IgG and IgM,real-time reverse transcriptation polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect HCV RNA,and sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) to analyze HLA type was performed.Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square test,and measurement data were compared by independent sample t test.Results Among the 86 HCVinfected individuals,there were 29 (33.7 ％) cases of Bw4/4 homozygote,38 cases (44.2 ％) of Bw4/6 heterozygote and 19 (22.1％) cases of Bw6/6 homozygote.The HCV RNA levels in Bw4/4 group,Bw4/6 group and Bw6/6 group were (3.98±0.32),(5.22±0.29),(5.04±0.38) lg IU/mL,respectively.The HCV RNA level in Bw4/4 group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups (t=2.821,P=0.0063 ; t =2.106,P =0.0407,respectively).The spontaneous clearance rates of Bw4/4 group,Bw4/6 group and BW6/6 group were 58.6％,26.3％ and 21.0％,respectively.The spontaneous clearance rate of Bw4/4 group was significantly higher than those of Bw4/6 group and Bw6/6 group (x2 =7.135,P =0.008; x2 =6.583,P =0.010,respectively).HCV infected individuals with homozygous epitopes of Bw4/4 had 4.351 times higher probability of spontaneous viral clearance than that of Bw4/6 heterozygote or Bw6/6 homozygote (OR=4.351,95％CI:1.676-11.294).Conclusions Homozygosity for HLA-Bw4-bearing B alleles is associated with significant lower HCV viral load and higher spontaneous clearance rate.The HLA-Bw4 epitopes have a protective effect against HCV infection.

BACKGROUND:Negative pressure wound therapy has been widely recognized, the currently published papers are limited in academic value and lack of scientific, objective, qualified index to confirm the therapy effectiveness. OBJECTIVE:To systemical y evaluate the clinical effect of negative pressure wound therapy, provide more evidence for its clinical application, and guide clinical research.
METHODS:Fifteen articles were screened out of peer-reviewed publications (Cochran library, Embase, PubMed-Medline and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database). Scientific data were col ected and evaluated by two researchers. The data were statistical y analyzed with RevMan software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Only 15 random-control ed trials were final y preserved, including 10 as B-grade moderate bias risk and focused on the effect of negative pressure wound therapy on chronic wounds, and 5 as C-grade high bias risk and focused on the effect of negative pressure wound therapy on acute wounds. There were significant differences in the main outcome measures between negative pressure wound therapy and conventional wound therapy. As for chronic wound patients, no significant difference was observed in the operation-preparing period, reducing wound area, promoting wound granulation, and amputation rate between two therapies. As for acute wound patients, the differences were significant in the operation-preparing period, promoting wound granulation, wound infection rate, and cost materials between two therapies. However, no difference was significant in the healing of wound and hospitalization time. Our findings indicate that, negative pressure wound therapy is an effective means for both acute and chronic wounds, it can shorten operation-preparing period, promote wound granulation, and reduce amputation rate and infection rate, thus providing evidence for clinical application. The wel-designed study is needed to develop high-quality random control ed trails.

BACKGROUND:Negative pressure wound therapy has been extensively used, but most people only knew the superiority of negative pressure wound therapy based on clinical experiences or subjective judgment.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of negative pressure wound therapy on the wound on the body surface, and to compare with contemporaneous conventional method.
METHODS:A total of 45 patients with wound on the body surface treated in the Peking Union Medical Col ege Hospital from January 2006 to December 2011 were enrol ed in this study, including 25 patients undergoing negative pressure wound therapy and 20 patients undergoing conventional change dressing method. Al clinical data were recorded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Negative pressure wound therapy was better than conventional method (P<0.05), on terms of preoperative preparation period, wound granulation, bacterial scavenging, labor intensity of working staff and incidence of postoperative complications. However, no significant difference in therapy cost was detectable (P>0.05). These results suggested that compared with conventional method, negative pressure wound therapy positively contributed to the healing, obviously shortened preoperative preparation, accelerated the diminution of wound, decreased the incidence of complications of reconstruction, lessened patient’s distress, reduced their economic cost, and diminished labor intensity of working staff. Negative pressure wound therapy has been proven an excellent tool of to promote wound healing.

Purpose To explore the biological significance of BCL-6 and ZEB2 in invasion,metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer.Methods The expressions of BCL-6,ZEB2 protein and mRNA were detected respectively in 228 cases of breast cancer and 80 cases of breast benign lesions by immunohistochemical SP two-step staining and situ hybridization.Result The expression levels of BCL-6,ZEB2 protein and mRNA in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than in breast benign lesions (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of BCL-6 was positively correlated with tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,histological grade,TNM staging and HER-2 expression (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of ZEB2 was positively correlated with tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,TNM staging and HER-2 expression (P ＜ 0.05).The overall survival and relapse-free survival of BCL-6 and ZEB2 positive expression were significantly less than the negative expression (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The BCL-6 and ZEB2 are closely correlated with the evolution process of breast cancer,which may become important means for monitoring and warning the metastasis,invasion,and prognosis of breast cancer.