This paper summarizes the core issues, realization scheme and key technologies of electronic retina with its status and advance reviewed. On the basis of the relationship between the information processing in visual cortex and retinal nerve coding, the prospect of electronic retina is predicted, and thus our futural orientation is determined.

With known visual knowledge, the first generation of wavelet transform is employed to decompose and reconstruct images. The experiment results demonstrate that there are mechanisms of time-sharing repeat-using and time coding in visual imaging principle. Therefore relatively complete image data can be achieved when the visual cortex is stimulated by limited electrodes.

The detection of blood flow velocity has great significance for blood vessel monitoring and the research of cardiovascular pathogenesis. Blood flow velocity measurement based on ultrasonic is becoming more and more popular in doctors and patients compare to several other techniques in nowadays, as they are non-invasive, cheap and fast. Most of the traditional ultrasonic blood flow velocity measurement methods are based on the Doppler frequency shift, but theses methods have some limitations, such as angle dependence, limited spatial resolution and so on. Therefore, blood flow velocity techniques based on non-Doppler frequency shift also get rapid development in recent years. This article mainly summarizes the techniques of blood flow velocity estimation based on ultrasonic in these two aspects.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Humans ; Ultrasonography

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and the surgical experience of bronchoplasty and pulmonary artery reconstruction in the treatment of lung cancer of the left pulmonary artery affected. Methods From January, 1990 to December, 2004, 16 patients with lung cancer of the left pulmonary artery affected underwent bronchoplasty and pulmonary artery reconstruction. According to TNM classification, 16 patients were in stage ⅢA. The surgical procedures included sleeve resection of bronchus in 16 cases, sleeve resection of pulmonary artery in 11 and wedge resection of pulmonary artery in 5. Results The overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 75.0 %, 45.5 %, and 33.3 % respectively. Conclusion The results suggest that brenchoplasty and pulmonary artery reconstruction for the patients with lung cancer of pulmonary artery affected is an effective surgical technique. This method extends the surgery indications to patients with poor lung function and senility by reducing the ratio of pneumonectomy and improving postoperative quality of life. Therefore, it is clinically valuable.

Objective To Establish evaluation methods for the performance of flow cytometer .Methods Referring to the indus‐try standard YY/T0588‐2005 Flow Cytometry ,evaluating methods for the performance of BriCyte E6 flow cytometry was estab‐lished ,such as fluorescence sensitivity ,fluorescence linearity ,forward scatter sensitivity ,instrument resolution ,forward scatter/side scattering resolution ,DNA content linearity ,carry‐over rate ,accuracy of the cell surface marker ,reproducibility of the cell surface marker and instrument stability .Results The performance of BriCyte E6 met the requirements of industry standard .Conclusion The evaluation methods for the performance parameters could be reliable and could be used for the performance evaluation of flow cytometer .

Objective To elucidate the delayed neuron death and the expression of ?-amyloid protein (A?) in hippocampus after reperfusion of transiently ischemic lesion.Methods Immunohistochemical and HE technique was used to examine the delayed neuron death and expression of ?-amyloid protein at 6 h,2 d,3 d,7 d,14 d,35 d after reperfusion of transiently incomplete forebrain ischemia in rat hippocampus.Results Delayed neuron death was seen at 3 days after ischemia/reperfusin in CA 1 area of the hippocampus. A? immunoreactivity began enhanced at 2 d (A:0.082?0.011)after reperfusion, up to peak at 7 d(A:0.175?0.024), disapeared at 35 d.Conclusion Delayed neuron death was occurred after reperfusion of transiently incomplete forebrain ischemia in rat hippocampus,and at the same time, A? was up expression, which is suggested to be an important role of A? in neuron death after reperfusion of ischemic lesion.

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of single,fractioned and continuous low dose rate radiation on CL187 colorectal cancer cell line.Methods CL187 cells were exposed to 6 MV X-rays at a high dose rate of 4 Gy/min and 125Ⅰ seed at a low dose rate of 2.77 cGy/h with three groups:single dose radiation group (SDR),fractioned dose radiation group (FDR) by 2 Gy/f,and continuous low dose rate radiation group (CLDR).The radiation doses were 0,2,4 and 8 Gy.Total cell number and cell viability were determined by trypan blue.Clone forming assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation ability.The percentage of apoptosis cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PHLPP2,PTEN and Bax.Results Compared with SDR and FDR groups,the total cell number and survival fraction of CLDR group decreased.The relative biological effect (RBE) for 125Ⅰ seeds compared with 6 MV X-rays was 1.41.The percentage of apoptosis cells of CLDR group was significantly increased (t =-15.08,-11.99,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of Bax increased in CLDR group,while no obvious changes were observed on PHLPP2 and PTEN among three groups.Conclusions The expression level of PHLPP2 increaseS in SDR,FDR and CLDR group,while it seems that it was not influenced by dose rate.The expression level of Bax increased in three groups,while more colorectal CL187 cells in CLDR group may be killed due to the increase of Bax expression.

Objective To investigate the combination effect of cetuximab and irradiation on colorectal carcinoma CL187 cell line and underlying molecular mechanism.Methods CL187 cells with or without cetuximab treatment were irradiated by 0,4 and 8 Gy X-rays,then cell death percentage was determined by MTT 24 and 48 h post-irradiation.Clone forming assay was used to evaluate the cell reproliferation ability.Cell cycle distribution,apoptosis,and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of DNA-PKcs,Ku70 and Ku80.Results The cetuximab enhanced the percentage of radiation-induced cell death,while descreased the cloning formation capacity and increased radiosenvtivity (t =-6.14、-6.53,P ＜0.05).The SER of cetuximab on CL187 cell line approached to 1.38.In addition,cetuximab also increased radiation-induced G0/G1 phase arrest (t=-4.64,P＜0.05) and the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis (t=-9.16,P ＜0.05),but it descreased the expression levels of DNA-PKcs,Ku70 and Ku80 proteins.Conclusions The cetuximab treatment might enhance the inhibitory effect of irradiation on colorectal carcinoma CL187 cell line by influencing cell cycle distribution,cell apoptosis,and the expression of DNA repair proteins.

Objective To compare the perinipple round-block technique with the conventional periareolar round-block technique in areolar reduction operations.Methods A total of 37 patients who underwent areolar reduction operations in our department were randomly allocated into two groups:Group A (19 patients) received a conventional periareolar round-block technique,while group B (18 patients) through a new perinipple round-block technique.In the latter approach,an intraareolar donut of pigmented skin was deepithelialized,and the exposed areolar dermis was then telescoped inward and stretch-anchored to an imaginary circular line situated beneath the breast skin areola junction.The roundblock technique was then utilized to approximate the skin edges,resulting in a minimal scar,totally inconspicuous,confined to the immediate perinipple area.The operative time,perioperative complications,scars,absorption time of the skin folds,the sensation of the nipple-areolar complex and the patients' satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results The mean operative time of group A and group B was 40.5 min and 45.8 min,respectively (P＜0.05).No perioperative complications were found in these two groups.No patient had experienced permanent nipple sensory changes.The skin folds absorption time of group A was 4.34 months,while the time of group B was 8.78 months (P＜0.01).The perinipple round-block technique produced a more inconspicuous scar with a better aesthetic results.Conclusions The traditional periareolar round-block technique leaves a sharply demarcated areola by a circular scar which has a totally unnatural and artificial look.As for the perinipple round-block technique,the incision as well as any residual cutaneous wrinkling or puckering is well concealed by the dome of the nipple and the areolar,but it needs a longer skin folds absorption time.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-19 on the migration ability of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods The expressions of miR-19 in lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549-Luc were detected by qRT-PCR.The A549-Luc cell line which over-expressed miR-19 was established. The expression levels of miR-19 in A549/RFP+/H2B and A549/RFP+/m19 were identified by qRT-PCR. The morphology of A549/RFP+/m19 was observed,and the migration ability of A549/RFP+/m19 was detected by transwell migration assay. Results The expression levels of miR-19 differed significantly between BEAS-2B cells and A549-Luc cells (t = -20.954, P < 0.001). The lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549/RFP+/m19 which over-expressed miR-19 was successfully established. Changes in A549/RFP+/m19 cell morphology were found. As compared with A549/RFP+/H2B cells, A549/RFP+/m19 had an increased migration ability (P <0.01). Conclusions miR-19 enhances the migration ability of lung adenocarcinoma A549-Luc cells.