PURPOSE: This study was to explore the effects of breast cancer education for college students on their mother's breast cancer screening promotion. METHODS: This study used a one-group pretest and posttest design. Data were collected from September to November, 2007 from a sample of 80 college students and their mothers using a survey questionnaire, which asked about demographic variables, concerns over health and breast cancer, communication, stage of change and attitude (pros and cons) related to breast cancer, and confidence in breast self-examination. The college students received education about breast cancer for 50 minutes and then they educated their mothers about breast cancer. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean age of the college students was 22.0 years, and that of their mothers 49.4 years with a range from 43 to 58 years. After receiving education on breast cancer, there were significant changes in the mean scores of concerns about health and breast cancer, communication, pros in mammography, and confidence in practicing breast self-examination. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that education on breast cancer to mothers through their college-age daughters is effective and can be utilized to promote breast cancer screening for women.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast Self-Examination ; Breast* ; Education ; Female ; Health Education* ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening* ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To evaluate the effect and clinical value of open surgery combined ultrasound-guided Mammotome in the treatment of multiple breast lumps. Methods Four hundred and forty-four patients in our hospital from Jan. 2006 to Jun. 2008 were divided into 3 groups, who underwent classical open surgery, ultrasound-guided Mammotome operation, or combined therapy respectively and followed by post-operation visits reguarly. The operation effects were compared between the 3 groups. Results Compared with the classical open surgery, combined therapy had no difference in time of procedure and procedural bleeding, but had lower incidence of local skin, better incision condition and higher satisfaction of patients. Compared with ultrasound-guided Mammotome operation, combined therapy took less time in procedure, and in the same time had less procedural bleeding, lower post-operation complication and higher patients satisfaction. Conclusions Combined therapy has high complete removal rate, low post-operation complication as well as cosmetic effect. It has special advantages over the other two kinds of surgery, so it has wide clinical application.

Objective To summarize and explore the clinical value of Mammotome technology in the diagnosis and treatment of breast neoplasms. Methods Nine hundred and eighty-seven breast neoplasms of 710patients were biopsied and excised with the aid of ultrasound-guided Mammotome system. The malignant neoplasms,according to the histological report,were radically removed during the operation without delay. All patients enrolled into the study were followed up closely on the complcations and satisfaction degree. Results All the operations except one were successful and got the sufficient specimen to perform the pathological examination,the biopsy achievement rate was 99. 8% . Both the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 100% in 16 breast tumors. Complete resection rate was 99%. The incision length was about 3 mm,showing good cosmetic outcome. Complcations were mild,mainly composed of haematoma and ecchymosis. The patients' general satisfactory rate was 93%. Conclusions This technique can help achieve biopsy of breast neplasm and excision of benign lesions at the same time with cosmetic result Further attention should be paid to reduce the lesion residue and hemorrhagic complications.

PURPOSE: A Phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of infertile women who had an unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempt and the structure of these experiences was identified in a socio-cultural context. METHOD: In-depth interviews were done with five participants from Nov. 1997 to Feb. 1998. Data was recorded and analyzed by Colazzi's method. RESULT: Significant statements were extracted from the data resulting in 4 themes and 11 concepts. The concepts were: 'lack of information', 'unable to anticipate the outcome', 'reaffirmation of need', 'financial strain', 'emotional suppression', 'change of social relationships', 'physical fatigue', 'blaming oneself or God', 'trying different ways', 'famous place shopping', and 'praying to God'. The significant themes of the participants' experiences with IVF emerged as: "uncertainty", "burden", "blaming" and "vigorous desire". CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the care of infertile women with an unsuccessful IVF attempt should be based on a deep understanding of their personal experiences. Also, information on alternative choices should be offered and supported.
Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Life Change Events

Medullary pyramid is the one place where corticospinal fibers are isolated as the pyramidal tract, and the result of such lesions has been a flaccid hemiplegia. Medial medullary syndrome may occur bilaterally, resulting in flaccid quadriplegia with facial sparing, bilateral lower motor neuron signs of the tongue, and complete loss of position and vibratory sensation affecting all for extremities. Occasionally, only the pyramid is damaged, resulting in a pure motor quadriplegia without other medullary signs. We report a 78-year-old man who suddenly developed flaccid quadriplegia without any other medullary signs. Brain MRI showed bilateral medial medullary infarctions that was probably due to anterior spinal artery occlusion.
Aged ; Arteries ; Brain ; Extremities ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Neurons ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Quadriplegia* ; Sensation ; Tongue

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine womens' perceptions regarding influenza vaccination during pregnancy among Korean childbearing women. METHODS: Data was collected using focus group interviews from June to September, 2010. Forty Korean women participated in 13 focus groups. After obtaining permission from participants, each session of the focus group was audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The responses were analyzed utilizing qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Forty women ranging from 26 to 43 participated in the study. The major themes were safety concerns; effects of fetal protection and infection prevention; lack of perceived needs; and encouragement as well as concerns from others. Participants raised questions on whether the vaccine was safe and effective, and concerns about the potential harmful effect of influenza vaccine to their bodies and the fetus. The major reason for influenza vaccination during pregnancy was to protect self and fetus. Also, clinician's recommendation was the facilitating factors for influenza vaccination during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that concerns associated with influenza vaccination should be considered when educating childbearing women about the influenza vaccine during pregnancy.
Female ; Fetus ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Pregnancy ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation that exists between quality of life and self-efficacy of schizophrenic patients, focusing on the influence of related factors on these varables. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 151 schizophrenic patients. The data were collected using questionnaires. The instruments used for this study were the general self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer & Maddex (1982), the specific self-efficacy scale modified and complemented by these co-researchers on the basis of the past studies and modified SIP by Voruganti (1996). The period of data collection was from July. 2000 to Jan. 2001. Data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULT: 1. The level of self-efficacy showed a mean score of 60.0 and the level of quality of life, a mean score of 47.0. 2. The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of schizophrenic patients were staying with family (p=0.05) and employment (p=0.00). 3. The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of schizophrenic patients were staying with family (p=0.04), employment (p=0.05) and duration of illness (0.03). 4. A positive correlation was identified between self-efficacy and quality of life (r=-0.469, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The study suggests that nursing intervention strategy should be worked out to develop a psychiatric rehabilitation program that can promote self-efficacy and thus enhance the quality of life of schizophrenic patients.
Complement System Proteins ; Data Collection ; Employment ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Schizophrenia ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the burn characteristics of female patients hospitalized in a burn center. METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The subjects were 222 female patients aged over 19 years old having burn injuries from work sites between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Data were collected using electronic medical records about the burn-related characteristics. The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Many of the subjects were in their forties and fifties. Most subjects showed burns with an area of less than 10% of the body surface with a severity of second degree. Scalding burns were the most frequent. Contact burns were usually of third-degree severity and occurred on hands and wrists. Flame burns affected the largest body surface area and frequently occurred on the face and mainly caused by explosion of a stove or kitchen gas. Chemical burns frequently occurred on the lower limbs. CONCLUSION: Female workers are exposed to the hazards of burn injuries in industrial accidents. Types of burn differ depending on the workplace conditions. Therefore, preventative measures for burn injuries should be established in accordance with the characteristics of each industry to which female workers belong.
Accidents, Occupational ; Body Surface Area ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Burns, Chemical ; Electronic Health Records ; Explosions ; Female* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist

PURPOSE: Nursing research is recognized as an essential basis for the continuous development of the scientific nursing knowledge and practice. An understanding of the barriers and attitudes to research among nurses is important to improve clinical nursing research activities. METHOD: Data were collected from nurses at a general hospital, located in D city, using a self-reported questionnaire, from March 15th to April 4th, 2003, and 133 questionnaires were used for the analyses. A 5 pointscale instrument was used to measure barriers and attitudes towards nursing research, with a Cronbach's alpha of .85 and .89, respectively. RESULTS: Nurses had limited experience in research and were not well prepared to conduct it. Lack of experience, training and time were the major barriers for conducting research. However, the nurses had positive attitudes toward research. There was a difference in barriers (t=2.68, p=.02) and research attitudes (t=-2.74, p=.00) according to the nurses' position. Also, the nurses' research experience influenced research attitudes (t=-3.27, p=.00). The degree of research preparation (F=6.98, p=.00) had an effect on the attitudes toward nursing research but not on the barriers. CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to promote both the ability and environment for clinical nurses to actively participate in research. As the majority of nurses had little experience and low confidence in research and perceived many barriers, this promotion can be accomplished by enhancing their confidence in research through continuing education and by gradually eliminating the barriers to research.
Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; *Nursing Research ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Analysis of Variance

Accurate and prompt diagnosis in patients with scrotal lesions remains a challenge to both urologists and radiologists. Recently scrotal micro-ultrasonography using small parts real time scanner has been used to assess these patients. Herein we examined the effectiveness of diagnostic ultrasound in 43 patients with scrotal lesions. The results were as follows: l. Out of total 43 patients, 37 were unilateral and 6 were bilateral scrotal lesions. Total 49 cases` were examined. 2. Of 5 cases with acute scrotum, ultrasonography detected 4 cases with acute epididymitis and one case with spermatic cord torsion. 3. Of 32 cases with subacute scrotal mass, surgical exploration was done in 19 cases. 18 cases were same as postoperative diagnosis (94.7 % accuracy). One case with sperm granuloma was confirmed to epididymal hematoma by exploration. 4. Of 6 cases with testicular trauma 2 had testicular rupture, 3 had testicular contusion and one revealed testicular atrophy after previous orchiopexy. 5. Accurately localized the site of testis in 3 out of 6 impalpable, undescended testis. We conclude that scrotal ultrasound is a quick noninvasive, easily applied and accurate method to diagnose various scrotal pathologic conditions. But it should be confirmed by exploration whenever ultrasonic diagnosis is in doubt or not compatible with clinical findings.
Atrophy ; Contusions ; Cryptorchidism ; Diagnosis ; Epididymitis ; Granuloma ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiopexy ; Rupture ; Scrotum ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Spermatozoa ; Testis ; Ultrasonography