High venous pressure in leg from walking in erect position can lead the development of defective valves and reflux, and superficial veins may become elongated and tortuous. Women are more prone to varicose vein due to hormonal influences and pregnancy. Besides long standing occupation and female gender, there are other risk factors including age, family history, obesity, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Recently developed health related quality of life has contributed to concern more about varicose vein and develop the treatment modalities of varicose vein. Because of the chronicity of the development of varicose vein, most patients are usually accustomed to high venous pressure of their leg and feel minor or no discomfort. Among the reasons to seek for the treatment of varicose vein, cosmetic purpose is the most common. Most patients prefer non-surgical treatment including sclerotheraphy to surgical intervention. High ligation and stripping of varicose vein has remained as the standard treatment of varicose vein with excellent long term results. Minimal invasive non-surgical treatments including radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser treatment have shown less scars and earlier mobility. Newer treatment modalities have to prove comparable long term results, not merely better cosmetic and short term results. We reviewed about the development of varicose vein and the treatment modalities including preventive measures. Correct comprehension of the patient and proper application of the treatment modality are essential for the good result without recurrence after the treatment of varicose vein.
Cicatrix ; Comprehension ; Cosmetics ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Ligation ; Obesity ; Occupations ; Pregnancy ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Sclerotherapy ; Varicose Veins ; Veins ; Venous Pressure ; Venous Thrombosis ; Walking

Objective To detect chromosomal aberrations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we performed karyo?types analyses in 632 ASD trios and then investigated whether copy number variants and neurodevelopment related genes are present in the regions of chromosomal aberrations. Methods Karyotypes analyses were performed in 632 ASD trios (1896 individuals). In addition, we investigated whether there were pathogenic copy number variants located in the rele?vant regions of detected aberrant karyotypes by using the database of the International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays (ISCA) and the Genomic Variation and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER) for ASD patients. Results We detected aberrant results in 22 of 632 patients (3.48%) by karyotypes analyses. Of these 22 aberrant karyo?types, 5 were de novo (0.79%), including the duplication, the translocation, karyotypes of Turner syndrome and the addi?tional material with unknown origin. Seventeen children affected with autism had aberrant karyotypes inherited from one of their parents. By using the ISCA and the DECIPHER database, we found that several copy number variants with high pathogenicity were located in 1q25 and 3p24. Further, these copy number variants consisted of several genes related to neurodevelopment such as TNR, ASTN1, and NMNAT2. Conclusion There are a few de novo chromosomal aberrations in some patients affected with ASD. Copy number variants of several pathogenic neurodevelopmental related genes may exist in the regions of chromosomal aberrations. Karyotypes analyses may be applied to explore the genetic etiology in some patients affected with ASD.

This study was designed to identify the severity of anorexia and the diet patterns in receiving chemotherapy. the identification of anorexia would provide useful and basic information to oncology nursing care. The subjects of this study were 102 hospitalized chemotherapy patients in a September 10, 1994. The subjects were 20 years old or above and who agreed to participate in this study and could understand the questionnaire. Three-days diet history were collected and analysed. The study subjects change, food aversions, the severity of anorexia. Data related to demographic and other medical characteristics such as age, diagnosis, and medication were collected by review of patient medical record. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) The score of anorexia was 73.7 in Anorexia Visual Analogue Scales and mean amount of fool intake per a day was 823cc. The larger the anorexia VAS score, the more severe of anorexia. 2) The food preferences of subjects were identified. Those were aversions, or dislikes the meat such as beef, pork, and chicken, and greesy or fried foods. the Caffeinated drinks such as coffee and tea were disgusted, also. The patients preferred vegetables and Korean traditional food especially kimchee and soy bean soap. 3) Those who were administered analgesics and cisplatin suffered more severe in anorexia than those who analgesics and cisplatin was not administrated. The patients with gastrointestinal cancer has more severe anorexia than those who have the other site cancer ; head and neck, genirourinary etc. The result of this study in turn provide valuable nursing practice guidelines for nutritional counseling in cancer chemotherapy patient. Nurses working with chemotherapy ward should identify the severity of anorexia and diet patterns. In conclusion, the severity of anorexia in cancer chemotherapy patients is very important problems. Health care personals recognize the potential problems of anorexia and encourage the nutritional counseling in cancer chemotherapy patients.
Analgesics ; Anorexia* ; Chickens ; Cisplatin ; Coffee ; Counseling ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Diet* ; Drug Therapy* ; Food Preferences ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Head ; Humans ; Meat ; Medical Records ; Neck ; Nursing ; Oncology Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Soaps ; Soybeans ; Tea ; Vegetables ; Weights and Measures ; Young Adult

AlphaB-crystallin (CRYAB) plays the role of molecular chaperone, it can maintain vascular endothelial growth factor levels and promote tumor neovascularization. Several recent studies indicate that CRYAB is abnormally expressed in various tumors such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and bladder cancer. It promotes tumor migration and invasion by promoting the resistance of tumor cells to apoptosis, regulating the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase and cadherin, and participating in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. The abnormal expression of CRYAB in tumor cells is significantly related to tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, overall survival and poor prognosis, and can be used as a new tumor marker.

Diffuse lung disease is amenable to diagnosis by means of clinical evaluation, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, and lung biopsy. The recently introduced technique of thoracoscopic wedge biopsy provides the potential advantages of greater selection of biopsy sites and reduced postoperative pain compared with those associated with standard open lung biopsy. Video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed in 22 patients for the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease during the period from August 1994 to December 1996, and the following results were obtained: 1. The patients were 14 men and 8 women. The average age was 54.6 years. 2. 13 lung biopsy specimens were obtained from the right lower lobe, 4 from the right upper lobe, 3 from the right middle lobe, 3 from the left upper lobe, and 3 from the left lower lobe. 3. A comparison of pulmonary function tests between preoperative and postoperative values showed no significant differences in FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC(p>0.05). 4. All patients were pathologically diagnosed and the most common disease was usual interstitial pneumonia(8/22). In conclusion, thoracoscopic lung biopsy was a safe and effective diagnostic method of diffuse lung disease.
Biopsy* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Lung* ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Thoracoscopy

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that brief periods of calcium depletion and repletion (calcium-free preconditioning, CP) have cardioprotective effects as seen in ischemic preconditioning(IP) which enhances the recovery of post-ischemic contractile dysfunction and reduces the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmia or infarct size after a prolonged ischemia. In the present study, we tested this paradoxical phenomenon in isolated rabbit hearts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Hearts isolated from New Zealand white rabbits(1.5~2.0 Kg body weight) were perfused with Tyrode solution using the Langendorff technique. After stabilizing the baseline hemodynamics, the hearts were subjected to 45 minutes of global ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion with IP(IP group, n=7) or without IP (ischemic control group, n=7). IP was induced by a single episode of 5 minutes global ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion. In the CP group(n=7), the hearts were subjected to perfusion with Tyrode solution with calcium depletion for 5 minutes and repletion for 10 minutes, and 45 minutes of ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion. Left ventricular function including developed pressure, dP/dt, heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and coronary flow was measured. Infarct size was determined by staining with 1% triphenyltetrazolium chloride and planimetry. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULT: In comparison with the ischemic control group, IP significantly enhanced the recovery of the left ventricular function including the left ventricular developed pressure, contractility, and coronary flow; in contrast, these functional parameters of the CP group tended to be lower than those of the ischemic control group. However, the infarct size was significantly reduced by IP or CP(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model, CP(induced by single episode of 5 minutes calcium depletion and 10 minutes repletion) could not improve.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Calcium ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Incidence ; Ischemia ; New Zealand ; Perfusion ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective:To observe the difference of the human telomeres RNA component (hTERC) genes’amplification in the cervical tissue by applying the environment-friendly fixative poly hydroxy acrylic acid and the transparent dewaxing solution Van-clear separately or jointly to replace the traditional fixative 4% (volume fraction)neutral buffered formalin and the conventional transparent dewaxing solu-tion xylene in the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)for detection.Methods:In the study, 255 cases of cervical tissue specimens submitted by the Department of Gynecology in Zhongshan Boai Ho-sipital were collected from Mar.2013 to Apr.2015.Four samples were taken from the same lesion site. All the cases were divided into 4 groups and named group A,B,C,and D.Group A used 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed and xylene dewaxing to make slices.Group B used poly hydroxy acrylic fixed and xylene dewaxing to make slices.Group C used 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed and Van-clear trans-parent to make slices.Group D used poly hydroxy acrylic fixed and Van-clear transparent dewaxing to make slices.The amplification of hTERC genes in the four groups of cervical specimens was also detected by FISH technique.Results:When the hTERC genes were detected by FISH method under the fluore-scence microscope,it was obvious that the tissue profile and the background of group A,B,C and D were all clear.The probe was fixed in the accurate position so that the bright red or green fluorescence signals were easily found in these four groups.Compared with the positive rate of group A,there was no statistical significance in that of group B,C and D (P>0.05).At the same time,the coincidence rate of the FISH results was high,which showed that the new environment-friendly reagent had no significant difference in the detection of cervical hTERC genes by FISH technique.Conclusion:It is possible for the environment-friendly reagent poly hydroxy acrylic acid and Van-clear to replace 4%neutral buffered for-malin and xylene separately or jointly to detect the cervical hTERC genes by adopting FISH technique.

Background and purpose: Adequate tissue ifxation, transparent dewaxing is an important step of hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and lfuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in detection of breast cancerHER-2 gene. The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between poly hydroxyl acrylic acid which is an environmen-tally friendly ifxation liquid and 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde in tissue ifxation for HE staining and FISH to detect theHER-2 gene in the breast cancer tissue sections. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of replacing 4% buffered formaldehyde, a traditional ifxation liquid, with the poly hydroxyl acrylic acid, an environmentally friendly ifxation lfuid.Methods:This project was performed on tissue samples collected from 69 cases of breast cancer, 41 cases of breast ifbroadenoma, 40 cases of uterine leiomyoma, 25 cases of cervical tissue, 25 cases of placenta obtained from the outpatient and inpatient departments of Zhongshan Boai Hospital from Mar. 2011 to Jan. 2015, from each of which two samples were drawn and two blocks of each specimen were divided into two groups randomly. Then one group was ifxed with 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde and made into 200 sections by HE while the other group was ifxed with poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and made into another 200 sections. The slice level of the two groups was determined by the staining condition of the sections, and SPSS 19.0 was employed to compare the excellent and good rate of HE staining. Additional 69 sections were produced with two groups of breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues, and SPSS 19.0 was used to detect the ampliifcation ofHER-2 gene by FISH.Results:First, the number of best-quality slices stained with HE ifxed separately by poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde was 155 and 166, respectively. The number of excellent pieces was 41 and 33, respectively, while the number of mediocre pieces was 3 and 1 with bad pieces being 1 and 0, respectively. The excellent and good rates of HE staining were 98% and 99.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=1.33,P>0.05).Second, the positive rates of the tis-sue slices by FISH ifxed separately by poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and 4% neutral buffered were 26.09% and 23.19%, respectively. There was no signiifcant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.50,P>0.05).Conclusion:The results obtained with HE staining and FISH using poly hydroxyl acrylic acid as a ifxation liquid are not signiifcantly different from those using 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde. Therefore, poly hydroxyl acrylic acid meets the requirements of environmental protection, and thus has the potential to be promoted and widely used.

ObjectiveTo study the dynamic express of CD57 on T cell of PBMC and clinical significance in acute HIV infection.MethodsSeventeen patients with acute HIV infection were enrolled study randomly diagnosed from 2006.11 to 2009.12 and 15 healthy donors as control group.The PBMCs from 1th,3th and 6th during acute infection were collected.The proportion of CD3+CD57+T lymphocytes,CD3+ CD8+CD57 +T lymphocytes and CD3 + CD4 + CD57 + T lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis with three or double color staining.The relationship between the proportion of CD57+ T phenotypes and virus load and CD4+T cells count was analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of CD57+T lymphocytes in PMBC in 1th,3th and 6th during acute HIV acute was 15.24％ ±1.49％,13.51％ ±2.45％ and 14.65％ ±1.83％,respectively,and was higher than normal control group and the difference was significantly(P＜0.0001 ).The proportion of CD8+ CD57+T lymphocytes was 7.79％ ±2.10％ and 9.88％ ±2.36％ in 1th and 3th month during acute infection,respectively.The proportion of CD8+ CD57+T lymphocytes in 1th and 3th month during acute infection were positive relationship with virus load in corresponding time,and R2 was 0.3700 and 0.3768,and P value was 0.0096 and 0.0088,respectively.The proportion of CD8+CD57+T lymphocytes in the 1th and 3th month during acute infection was negative relationship with CD4+T lymphocytes count.The R2 was 0.3768 and 0.4235,and P value was 0.0215 and 0.0017,respectively.In 6 rapid progressors and 11 no rapid progressors on the 1th month after HIV infection,CD8+ CD57+T lymphocytes percentage was 11.20％±2.21％ and 6.16％ ±1.09％,respectively,and CD4+CD57+T lymphocytes percentage 2.79％ ±0.31％and 1.40％ ±0.30％,respectively.Both CD8+CD57+T and CD4+CD57+T in rapid progressors were higher than no rapid progressors,and P value was 0.0338 and 0.0106,respectively.ConclusionCD57+ T lymphocytes percentage in peripheral blood increase in acute HIV infection patients,in which the increasing CD8+CD57+T lymphocyte may mirror the dynamic of HIV replication and CD4+T cell count.The CD57 high express on T lymphocyte on the early HIV acute infection predicts rapid progression.

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for deep vein thrombosis, and he had experienced two episodes of left leg swelling: one happened after an 11 hour-air trip from Europe in June 2007, and the other developed 3 days after an operation for a herniated lumbar disc in July 2007. We treated him for a deep vein thrombosis of the deep femoral vein after admission. However, we arrived at the final diagnosis of angioleiomyosarcoma after the operation for the tentative diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. We removed the firmly engorged deep femoral vein on the second operation. We report here on a case of angioleiomyosarcoma that arose from the deep femoral vein.
Aged ; Europe ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Leg ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis