Phaffia rhodozyma is one of the organisms for production of astaxanthin, and the key process for extracting intracellular astaxanthin is cell disruption. In this work, cell disruption for extracting astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma was studied with autoclave method at low acid concentration. The optimum disrupting conditions were: autoclave pressure 0.1 MPa, 121 degrees C; hydrochloric acid concentration 0.5 mol/L; liquid to material ratio (V/W) 30 mL/g dry cell weight and disruption time 2 min. Under the optimum conditions, medium scale experiment showed that astaxanthin and total carotenoids recovery from Phaffia rhodozyma were (84.8 +/- 3.2)% and (93.3 +/- 2)%, respectively. This new method can lead to no poisonous residues and get high extraction yield, which have good prospects to be put into industrial production.
Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Carotenoids ; isolation & purification ; Cell Wall ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Xanthophylls ; isolation & purification

Objective:To develop a method for simultaneous determination of the contents of geniposide, hesperidin, baicalin, liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizic and schizandrin in Ermu-Ningsou Pills by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with wavelength switching. Methods:The analyses were carried out on an Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (4.6 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol(A)-0.05% phosphoric acid (B) in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 237 nm for geniposide, liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic, 280 nm for baicalin and hesperidin, 250 nm for schizandrin. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 2 μl.Results:The linear relation of geniposide, hesperidin, baicalin, liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizic and schizandrin were excellent within the range of 10.294-205.888, 4.552-91.036, 6.212-124.248, 8.974-179.484, 2.629-52.580, 5.371-107.416, 8.905-178.104 ng ( r≥0.999 5, n=6). Average recoveries were 98.47%, 99.04%, 100.76%, 98.27%, 100.50%, 98.79%, 99.37% ( RSD<2.0%, n=6). RSDs of precision, reproducibility and stability tests (24 h) were lower than 2.0% ( n=6). Conclusions:The method is simple, effective, accurate. It can be used for simultaneous determination of 7 active constituents in Ermu-Ningsou Pills.

【Objective】 To investigate the physical and neuropsychological development of the offspring born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 2 years of age, and to provide evidence to enhance the physical and neuropsychological development of GDM offspring. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on neonates born in the Department of Obstetrics at Qinzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 and regularly followed at the outpatient service. The neonates were categorized into two groups based on whether their mothers were diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy: the GDM group (n=243) and the control group (n=362). The general clinical data, follow-up information on physical development and neuropsychological development at 1 year and 2 years of age for all children were collected. Their height, head circumference, body weight, BMI, and Gesell developmental quotients (DQs) at 1 year and 2 years of age for both groups were analyzed. 【Results】 1) There were no significant differences in height, head circumference, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups at 1 year and 2 years of age during the follow-up period (P>0.05). 2) At 1 year of age, the GDM group exhibited higher rates of abnormal language development (8.6% vs. 3.3%, χ²=7.854), adaptive behavior(11.4% vs. 5.0%,χ²=8.605), and personal social behavior(8.2% vs. 3.0%, χ²=8.062) compared to the control group (P<0.05), and lower DQs for these Gesell subscales (language development 87.6±7.7 vs. 89.4±9.2, t=2.591; adaptive behavior: 88.4±7.8 vs. 90.5±8.9, t=2.957; personal social behavior: 89.1±7.0 vs. 91.2±7.5, t=3.495, P<0.05). 3) At 2 year of age, the GDM group also showed higher rates of adaptive behavior (8.2% vs. 4.1%, χ²=3.927) and personal social behavior (7.3% vs. 3.0%, χ²=4.093) compared to the control group (P<0.05), and lower DQs for these Gesell subscales (adaptive behavior: 89.5±6.5 vs. 91.9±6.9, t=3.878; personal social behavior: 89.9±7.1 vs. 92.1±6.9, t=3.311, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The development of adaptive behavior and personal social behavior in offspring born to mothers with GDM remains delayed. Follow-up for GDM offspring should prioritize achieving a balanced development of adaptive behavior and personal social behavior.