No abstract available.
Anesthetics, Local

No abstract available.
Anesthetics, Local* ; Epinephrine*

Levobupivacaine is the oure S(-)-enantiomer of racemic bupivaciane but is less toxic to the heart and central nervous system. Previous studies have shown that it is of equal potency with Bupivacaine in terms of onset of motor blockade, duration of sensor and motor blockade but a significant delay in the onset motor blackade (21 min versus 10 min). one study was done where aspirated CSF was used instead of adding sodium bicarbonate to adjust the pH-adjusted Levobupivacaine0.5% for spinal anesthesia. Thirty patients undergoing elective minor surgery received either 15mg of Levobupivacaine 0.5% isobaric or solution of 15mg of Levobupivacaine 0.5% isobaric with 1:1 mixture of aspirated CSF. Time of motor block onset and pH level were measured in both groups. Results showed faster motor block onset for pH-adjusted Levobupivacaine (1.87 +/- 0.65min versus 18.70 +/-3.26min) and pH level was also higher (7.12 +/-0.05 versus 6.04 +/-0.28). we conclude that the alkalinization by addition of CSF to Levobupivacaine 0.5% via 1:1 mixture speeds the onset motor block. Time to reach a Bromage score from 0 to 3 was shorter and pH level was more basic from the pH-adjusted Levobupivacaine, which may explain the faster onset since pH of the solution was closer to the pKa of Levobupivacaine.
Human ; LEVOBUPIVACAINE ; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL ;

No abstract available.
Anesthetics, Local ; Buprenorphine ; Peripheral Nerves

Anesthetics, Local ; Brachial Plexus ; Injections

No abstract available.
Anesthetics, Local* ; Calcium* ; Hypothermia* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion*

BACKGROUND: There are many reports showing that a thoracic paravertebral block (TPB) can be used for post-thoracotomy pain control. However, the proper concentration of local anesthetics for TPB has not been established. The aim of this study was to define the proper concentration of bupivacaine for TPB after a thoracotomy. METHODS: Sixty patients were allocated randomly into one of the following three groups: thoracic paravertebral 0.5%, 0.25%, or 0.125% bupivacaine at a rate of 0.1 ml/kg/h (kg: ideal body weight). The resting and coughing visual analogue scale (VAS) score, cumulative dose of fentanyl, and the 5 point satisfaction scale were checked. RESULTS: 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine showed lower VAS score and cumulative dose of fentanyl than 0.125%. There was no difference in the satisfaction scale between the 3 groups. There was no difference between the 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine in all parameters measured. CONCLUSIONS: 0.25% bupivacaine used for TPB is more effective when used for pain control after a thoracotomy than 0.5% and 0.125% bupivacaine.
Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine* ; Cough ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Thoracotomy*

The effect of anesthetic duration of epinephrine and morphine mixture with hyperbaric tetracaine on spinal anesthesia was studied at Tague Catholic University Hospital. Fifty-two pa- tients, ASA physical status I-II, were selected randomly and divided them into 4 groups as follows: Group A; Only 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 14 mg injection. Group B; Mixture of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 14 mg and morphine 0.15 mg injection. Group C; Mixture of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine l4 mg and epinephrine 0.2 mg injection. Group D; Mixture of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 14 mg, morphine 0.15 mg and epinephrine 0.2 mg injection. The results of motor block onset, motor block duration, sensory block onset and sensory block duration were as follows: 1) Motor block onset; There were no statistical differences between each groups. 2) Motor block duration; The duration of motor blocks were significantly longer in group C and D than group A. The duration of motor block was significantly longer in group D than group B. 3) sensory block onset; There were no statistical differences between each groups. 4) Sensory block duration, The duration of sensory blocks were significantly longer in group D than group A, B and C. These results suggested that the effect of anesthetic duration of epinephrine and morphine mixture with local anesthetics simultaneously on spinal anesthesia were more prolonged than tetracaine injeetion only and injection of tetracaine, epinephrine mixture.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local* ; Epinephrine* ; Morphine* ; Tetracaine

The objective of this review was to investigate the efficacy of dental local anesthetics, as it is well known among clinicians that local anesthesia may be challenging in some circumstances. Therefore, the focus of this review was on the efficacy of the products used in dental local anesthesia. In a Pubmed database literature search conducted, a total of 8646 articles were found to be related to dental local anesthetics. After having applied the inclusion criteria (human research, performed in the last 10 years, written in English language, and focus on dental local anesthetics) and having assessed the quality of the papers, 30 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. The conclusion of this review is that none of the dental local anesthetic amides provide 100% anesthesia. The problem appears to be more pronounced when mandibular teeth are attempted to be anaesthetized and especially if there is irreversible pulpitis involved. The authors conclude that this finding suggest exploration of more efficient techniques to administer dental local anesthesia, especially in the mandible, to establish a 100% efficacy, is needed.
Amides ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; Mandible ; Pulpitis ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has become a major alternative in the neurosurgical field. However, many patients complained of considerable discomfort during the fixation of rigid headframe. This study investigated whether our modified procedure could reduce fixation-related pain. METHODS: Sixty-six patients who underwent GKRS were enrolled in this study. Thirty-one patients (Group A) underwent the conventional subcutaneous infiltration technique, and 35 patients (Group B) did the modified procedure. In group A, the headframe was held in position by an assistant, and local anesthetics were injected subcutaneously using a 23-gauge spinal needle at pinning sites. Subsequently, pins were applied according to measurements based on spinal needle depth. In group B, with the frame held in position by an assistant, pin sites were marked with a surgical pen under the guidance of needle cap placed on the pin holes. The head frame was then removed, and local anesthetics were injected subcutaneously and periosteally at each marked pin site using a 26-gauge needle. The headframe was then repositioned 5 minutes after local infiltration, and pins were applied according to measurements based on spinal needle depth. To evaluate pain severity during procedures, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded during local infiltration and frame placement with pins. The pain scores of the two groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Group B had a significantly lower VAS score during frame placement than group A (7.26 vs. 3.61; p<0.001), and mean VAS score at local infiltration was also significantly lower in group B (4.74 vs. 3.74; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Patients in group B experienced significantly less pain than those in group A during pin placement. Pre-fixation time advanced local anesthesia might reduce pain during stereotactic procedures, and the use of a 26-gauge needle appeared in less pain during local infiltration.
Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; Head ; Humans ; Needles ; Radiosurgery