BACKGROUND: The Korean Journal of Anesthesiology (KJA) was first published in 1968 containing only 16 articles. In 1998, the number is 291. However, the quantitative growth does not mean a qualitative growth. There are many aspects to improving quality. One of them is statistical accuracy. I have examined the statistical methods in our field and checked the accuracy of the methods. Then, I compared the results with the methods in the 1980s and examined what kinds of changes exist. METHODS: I reviewed all the articles except case reports and review articles in KJA published from 1994 to 1998. I focused on the methods of inferential statistics because those kinds of statistics were usually mentioned in the articles. It is based on the mentioned technique in the article to decide which inferential statistics are used, even though sometimes they are not accurate. I adopted the similar statistical error criteria selected by Ko. RESULTS: Basic statistical error, for example no statistics used even though statistical methods are needed, were dramatically reduced compared to the 1980s. It is increased to use the mean comparison methods correctly, but, some statistical methods are still misused frequently, for example Chi-square test, nonparametric analysis, multiple comparison methods and improperly adopted methods based on the variable scale. CONCLUSION: Generally, based on my criteria statistical errors are reduced from about 75% in the 1980s to about 60% in the 1990s.
Anesthesiology*

No abstract available.
Anesthesiology

No abstract available.
Anesthesiology*

No abstract available.
Anesthesiology

No abstract available.
Anesthesiology*

Background: For several decades now, the use of uncuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) is the gold standard in providing airway and ventilatory support to children under anesthesia. However, there has been a change in focus from the application of uncuffed ETT to cuffed ETT among children, and this matter has been debated for years. In fact, several studies have shown that even across and within countries, the attitudes and practices of anesthesiologists on the use of types of endotracheal tubes differed. Objective: To describe the current attitudes and practices of anesthesiologists regarding the use of uncuffed or cuffed ETT for children. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies on the current attitudes and practices of pediatric anesthesiologists regarding the use of cuffed and uncuffed ETT was conducted from May to November 2020. Cochrane reviews, Medline, Pubmed, and EMBASE were searched and yielded five relevant studies. Results: The use of cuffed ETT ranged between 11%-61% in the included studies and all reported that there were no consensus or standard on whether cuffed or uncuffed ETT was better. Reported factors for cuffed ETT use included: 1) Personal choice, 2) Department protocol, 3) Availability of resources, and 4) Specific conditions such as obesity, planned or emergency procedure, and reduced lung compliance. In terms of ETT size, reported criteria were: 1) Use of a formula, 2) Use of abacus/calculator, and 3) In relation to the fifth finger's width. Conclusions The current systematic review demonstrated that there is wide variation in current attitudes and practices of anesthesiologists regarding the use of uncuffed or cuffed endotracheal tubes in children. Likewise, factors affecting choice of ETT and criteria for selection varied in the published literature. The results of this systematic review highlight the need for a standard guideline to help clinicians choose if cuffed or uncuffed ETT is better in certain scenarios and to help them decide in selecting the most appropriate ETT size.
Anesthesiology

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of and errors in citation of references in articles from the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology (KJA) from the first application of the present contribution rules (1996) to 1998 and to suggest a clue to improve the quality of our journal. METHODS: All references cited from KJA were reviewed using a computerized searching system. If any differences are found during the review, we compare it with the original article. Errors on the contribution rules were examined according to the instructions for the authors revised in 1995. RESULTS: Overall 74% of the articles had more than one reference cited from KJA. The average number of the references cited from KJA per article was 1.73. In such references, citation errors were found in 48% of articles published in 1996, 44% in 1997, and 43% in 1998. The percentages of general errors and errors involving the contribution rules were 62% and 38%, respectively. Common general errors were found in titles (164 cases), pages (102 cases), and name (60 cases). Those involving the contribution rules found in the notation of name (120 cases), pages (54 cases), and inadequate notation of the number of issue (49 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Despite numerous efforts, the incidence of citation errors was still high when the articles of KJA were cited as references. Improvement in the quality of our journal will be possible only by rigid adherence to contribution rules, thorough review of the articles, and a lucid explanation of contribution rules.
Anesthesiology* ; Incidence

No abstract available.
Anesthesiology* ; Education*

There is a very large literature on Anesthesiology in the Philippines, two thousand or so of them. Each anesthesiologist today holds in part a measure of the chronicle. The prologue to our story encompasses the past, of anesthesia's beginnings in foreign shores. Our own chapter begins, at a much later date, when a young doctor alighted from a plane 53 years ago. By following his trail we can weave the multiple strands of peoples, places and events that make the tapestry of Philippine anesthesiology today.
ANESTHESIOLOGY ; ANESTHESIA

Repeated measures designs are widely used in the field of anesthesiology because they allow the detection of within-person change over time and provide a higher statistical power for detecting differences than a single measure design while reducing the costs and efforts to conduct a study. However, the complex process of calculating the sample size for repeated measures design requires profound statistical knowledge and also programming skills in some instances. In the present article, the author describes 1) the basic statistics for repeated measures design, 2) the explanation for G Power software, and 3) how to calculate the sample size using an example.
Anesthesiology ; Sample Size*