Local anesthesia is administered to reduce pain during dental treatments, but may itself cause pain and contribute to increased dental fear. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) is one the method to reduce patient pain during local anesthesia; it is a device that slowly administers anesthetics by using a computerized device to control the injection speed. This literature review aims to provide an objective assessment of the usefulness of CCLAD for controlling pain by reviewing papers published to date that have used CCLAD.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics ; Dental Anxiety ; Humans ; Methods

Local anesthesia is administered to reduce pain during dental treatments, but may itself cause pain and contribute to increased dental fear. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) is one the method to reduce patient pain during local anesthesia; it is a device that slowly administers anesthetics by using a computerized device to control the injection speed. This literature review aims to provide an objective assessment of the usefulness of CCLAD for controlling pain by reviewing papers published to date that have used CCLAD.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics ; Dental Anxiety ; Humans ; Methods

The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most common method of local anesthesia for intraoral surgery at the posterior mandibular region. However, unexpected complications may occur when administering the local anesthesia. One of these uncommon complications is the fracture of the needle. If the injection needle is broken during the surgery, it should be removed immediately. However, this is one of the most difficult procedures. In this report, we present two cases of needle fracture during the procedure, and its successful removal under general/local anesthesia administration.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Mandibular Nerve* ; Methods ; Needles* ; Nerve Block

Frequently local anesthesia csn be a more useful method than general anesthesia for simple operations, but numerous complications have been reported. High blood level of the drug injected causes the majority of reactions, probably 99% or better, and alIergy to the drug employed comprises a very small fraction, probably less than 1%. The authors treated 5 cases of cardiopulmonary arrest and convulsion due to generalized toxicity of local anesthetics. In 5 cases, 4 patients recovered, but one patient expired. It can be emphasized that careful administration of agents and proper treatment for convuIsion is indicated.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local* ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Methods ; Seizures

Acromioclavicular joint injuries are frequently seen with the recent increase of traffic and industrial accidents. The treatment of complete separation of the acromioclavicular joint has been, and is still, a subject of controversy. In view of a recent trend, anatomical reduction of acromioclavicular joint, and rigid internal fixation method is preferable, especially in type 3 injury. We operated on 16 cases of complete acromioclavicular separation by the technique of coracoclavicular wiring from March 1983 to Feb. 1987. The following results were obtained. 1. The functional results were excellent; 12 cases(75%), good; 3 cases(19a%), and fair ; 1 cases(6%). 2. The complications include wire reakage ; 1 case(6%), bony erosion ; 3 cases(19%) and subluxation, 1 case(6%). 3. The advantages of coracoclavicular wiring. 1) Avoids violation of acromioclavicular joint but does not restrict rotation of the clavicle. 2) The operation is simple to perform. 3) Postoperative immobilization is minimal. 4) Removal of the wire is easy under local anesthesia. 5) This method corresponds to the coracoclavicular ligment biomechanically. Therefore, coracoclavicular wiring is thought to be a good operative method in the treatment of complete acromioclavicular separation.
Accidents, Occupational ; Acromioclavicular Joint ; Anesthesia, Local ; Clavicle ; Immobilization ; Methods

Repair of inguinal hernia is widely regarded as a simple procedure, requiring no great surgical skill. Published recurrence rates are high, indicating that there is need for improvement in technique. This paper gives details of a satisfactory method which uses local anaesthesia.
Anesthesia, Local ; Hernia, Inguinal - surgery ; Humans ; Surgical Procedures, Operative - methods

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since rhinoplasty techniques require meticulous and delicate manipulation, proper anesthesia is essential. The aim of the current study is to compare patient satisfaction and complication of rhinoplasty performed under local anesthesia against general anesthesia. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Patients who underwent rhinoplasty by a single surgeon between March 2014 and January 2017 were enrolled in this study. Midazolam was utilized to sedate the patient during local anesthesia. Pain and memory of surgery under local anesthesia, satisfaction of anesthesia, and willingness to undergo the surgery with the same anesthesia method again were evaluated. Cardiopulmonary events, nausea, and vomiting were assessed as complications. Aesthetic satisfaction of patients and the doctor was evaluated 6 month after the surgery. The parameters were compared between local and general anesthesia. RESULTS: A total 120 patients were included in this study. The degree of pain was low during surgery under local anesthesia. Although most of patients remembered the process of surgery during local anesthesia, satisfaction of local anesthesia was high. The satisfaction of anesthesia and willingness to undergo surgery with same anesthesia were not signifcantly different between local and general anesthesia. No serious complications developed during local anesthesia and there were no signifcant differences of aesthetic satisfaction between local and general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction and aesthetic results of rhinoplasty performed under local anesthesia were comparable to general anesthesia, indicating that surgeons do not need to be afraid of applying local anesthesia in rhinoplasty.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Humans ; Memory ; Methods ; Midazolam ; Nausea ; Patient Satisfaction* ; Rhinoplasty* ; Surgeons ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The sight of dental injection can bring about severe anxiety in children. Therefore, an alternative method that is convenient, effective, and keeps the needle hidden making it child friendly is necessary. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of a camouflaged syringe and conventional syringe on behavior and anxiety in 6–11-year-old children during local anesthesia administration. METHODS: The study was a randomized, crossover clinical study including 30 children. Children were separated into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 children aged 6–8 years while group 2 consisted of 15 children aged 9–11 years. This study involved two sessions wherein all the children were injected using conventional and camouflaged syringes in separate sessions. Their behavior was assessed using the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) behavior pain scale and anxiety was assessed by measuring changes in pulse rate. Patient and operator preferences were compared. RESULTS: The results showed a lower mean change in pulse rate and FLACC scores in the camouflaged group, suggesting a positive behavior and lesser anxiety with camouflaged syringes than with conventional syringes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of camouflaged syringes for anesthesia was demonstrated to be effective in improving the behavior of children and decreasing their anxiety, and is therefore recommended as an alternative to the use of conventional syringes for local anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anxiety ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Needles ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Syringes

Mandibular third molar extraction is commonly performed in dental clinics. However, the optimal method of anesthesia has not been established for this procedure. The conventional inferior alveolar nerve block is the most widely used method. However, its success rate is not high and it may lead to complications, such as aspiration and nerve injury. Therefore, various anesthesia methods are being investigated. Articaine has been proven to be efficacious in a number of studies and is being used with increasing frequency in clinical practice. In this review article, we will briefly review various local anesthesia techniques, anesthetics, and a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) system, which reduces pain by controlling the speed of drug injection, for mandibular third molar extraction.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics ; Carticaine ; Dental Clinics ; Mandible ; Mandibular Nerve ; Methods ; Molar, Third

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of DentalVibe on the level of pain experienced during anesthetic injections using 2 different techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized crossover clinical trial evaluated 60 patients who required 2-session endodontic treatment. Labial infiltration (LI) anesthesia was administered in the anterior maxilla of 30 patients, while inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) was performed in the remaining 30 patients. 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine was injected at a rate of 1 mL/min using a 27-gauge needle. DentalVibe was randomly assigned to either the first or second injection session. A visual analog scale was used to determine participants' pain level during needle insertion and the anesthetic injection. The paired t-test was applied to assess the efficacy of DentalVibe for pain reduction. RESULTS: In LI anesthesia, the pain level was 12.0 ± 15.5 and 38.1 ± 21.0 during needle insertion and 19.1 ± 16.1 and 48.9 ± 24.6 during the anesthetic injection using DentalVibe and the conventional method, respectively. In IANB, the pain level was 14.1 ± 15.9 and 35.1 ± 20.8 during needle insertion and 17.3 ± 14.2 and 39.5 ± 20.8 during the anesthetic injection using DentalVibe and the conventional method, respectively. DentalVibe significantly decreased the level of pain experienced during needle insertion and the anesthetic injection in anterior LI and mandibular IANB anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that DentalVibe can be used to reduce the level of pain experienced by adult patients during needle insertion and anesthetic injection.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Mandibular Nerve ; Maxilla ; Methods ; Needles ; Visual Analog Scale