No abstract available.
Androgens*

No abstract available.
Androgens*

No abstract available.
Androgens* ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Humans

Sexual arousal is an important factor for the success of sexual behavior, and regulated by the central nervous system, its underlying mechanism is very complicated. Androgen is the most important endocrine hormone in men, which is deeply involved in the whole process of male sexual response, but how it regulates male sexual arousal has not been fully clarified and remains one of the hotspots in current andrological research. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the advances in the studies of the related role and mechanism of androgen in male sexual arousal. In the central nervous system, androgen regulates the release of dopamine neurotransmitters by binding androgen receptors or metabolizing neurosteroids, thus activating the brain reward system. Besides, androgen regulates the neuronal plasticity and spinous process formation in the neural circuit of sexual arousal to ensure successful activation and conduction of the neural circuit. However, the specific regulating mechanism of sexual arousal remains to be further explored.
Androgens ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Arousal

Gynecomastia is the most common condition affecting the male breast due to enlargement of both ductal and stromal tissue. Growth of the male breast can be manifested at any age, but 40% of cases present in adolescent boys. The condition depends mainly on the balance between serum estrogens and androgens. Gynecomastia represents a source of embarrassment, and optimal correction is difficult to achieve. Numerous methods of gynecomastia repair are available. Our method is a combination of liposuction and the pull-through technique. The purpose of this treatment is to resect excess tissue and restore the normal chest contour with minimal scarring. We report a case of gynecomastia treated with a combination of tumescent liposuction and the pull-through technique.
Adolescent ; Androgens ; Breast ; Cicatrix ; Estrogens ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Male ; Thorax

Androgens remain the most effective and widely abused ergogenic drugs in sport. Although androgen doping has been prohibited for over 3 decades with a ban enforced by mass spectrometric (MS)-based urine testing for synthetic and exogenous natural androgens, attempts continue to develop increasingly complex schemes to circumvent the ban. A prominent recent approach has been the development of designer androgens. Such never-marketed androgens evade detection because mass spectrometry relies on identifying characteristic chemical signatures requiring prior knowledge of chemical structure. Although once known, designer androgens are readily detected and added to the Prohibited List. However, until their structures are elucidated, designer androgens can circumvent the ban on androgen doping. To combat this, in vitro androgen bioassays offer powerful new possibilities for the generic detection of unidentified bioactive androgens, regardless of their chemical structure. Another approach to circumvent the ban on androgen doping has been the development of indirect androgen doping, the use of exogenous drugs to produce a sustained increase in endogenous testosterone (T) production. Apart from estrogen blockers, however, such neuroendocrine active drugs mostly provide only transient increases in blood T. Finally the ban on androgen doping must allow provision for rare athletes with incidental, proven androgen deficiency who require T replacement therapy. The Therapeutic Use Exemption mechanism makes provision for such necessary medical treatment, subject to rigorous criteria for demonstrating a genuine ongoing need for T and monitoring of T dosage. Effective deterrence of sports doping requires novel, increasingly sophisticated detection options calibrated to defeat these challenges, without which fairness in sport is tarnished and the social and health idealization of sporting champions devalued.
Androgens ; administration & dosage ; Biological Assay ; Designer Drugs ; Doping in Sports ; Humans

One of the main current trends of andrology is the paradigm shift from disease-oriented to health-oriented andrology. One of the major tasks we are faced with now is to establish an holistic concept of male reproductive health, then, starting from the needs and demands of male reproductive health, to identify the scope of andrology, as well as to develop a new research priorities and agenda. The progress and perspective of three main areas in the field of health-oriented andrology, namely, molecular andrology, andrology for aging and environment and male reproduction, were briefly reviewed and discussed.
Aging ; physiology ; Androgens ; deficiency ; Andrology ; Environment ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Reproduction

Partial androgen deficiency in aging males can be defined as a clincal condition characterized by a partial deficiency of androgen in blood and/or a decrease genomic sensitivity to testosterone or its active metabolites in target tissues. This state of hypogondism leads to a decline of physical energy, an altered state of well-being, a sexual dysfunction and various metabolic alterations. Testosterone supplement therapy can improve all these symptoms.
Aging ; physiology ; Androgens ; blood ; deficiency ; Humans ; Male ; Testosterone ; pharmacology

MicroRNAs are a kind of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that negatively regulate the gene expression by binding to imperfect complementary sites in the 3' untranslated region of targeted mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Aberrant expressions of some miRNAs like miR-221/222, miR-146a and miR-125b have been found to be significantly associated with androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer. By analyzing the aberrant expressions and regulation mechanisms of miRNAs in cell lines, tissues and peripheral blood samples, we hope to provide a new theoretic base for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Androgens ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism

Androgen plays an important role in singing of songbirds. Recent studies have shown that androgen levels in vivo not only affect the external morphology of songbirds, but also affect their singing behavior. Androgens (including derivatives) affect singing behavior and singing system in many ways. Based mainly on the results from our research group in the zebra finch, this review summarizes the effects of androgen on singing behavior, excitability and synaptic transmission of projection neurons of singing system, and the interaction of androgen with other neurotransmitter receptors in the brain of songbirds.
Androgens ; physiology ; Animals ; Brain ; physiology ; Songbirds ; physiology ; Vocalization, Animal