Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with complex kidney stones.Methods:From March 2017 to February 2019 in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Province, 150 patients with complex kidney stones were selected. The patients were divided into group A, group B and group C by sortition method with 50 cases each. Group A was treated with modular flexible ureteroscopy, group B was treated with standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and group C was treated with modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The operation time, transoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, calculi clearance 1- and 3-month after operation, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) 2 h before operation and 1 and 3 d after operation were compared among 3 groups.Results:The operation time, transoperative bleeding and hospitalization time in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B: (65.25 ± 7.90) min vs. (99.73 ± 8.52) and (96.11 ± 9.92) min, (33.22 ± 3.70) ml vs. (41.54 ± 3.62) and (45.17 ± 3.30) ml, (3.90 ± 0.90) d vs. (4.77 ± 1.17) and (5.70 ± 1.19) d, the calculi clearance 1- and 3-month after operation was significantly higher than that in group A and group B: 94.00% (47/50) vs. 80.00% (40/50) and 82.00% (41/50), 98.00% (49/50) vs. 84.00% (42/50) and 86.00% (43/50), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in PCT and CRP 2 h before operation among 3 groups ( P>0.05); the PCT and CRP 1 and 3 d after operation in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in all indexes between group A and group B ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy can effectively improve calculi clearance, reduce surgical trauma, shorten operation time, promote recovery, and have significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of complex kidney stones.

The standardized workflow of computer-aided static guided implant surgery includes preoperative exami-nation,data acquisition,guide design,guide fabrication and surgery.Errors may occur at each step,leading to irrevers-ible cumulative effects and thus impacting the accuracy of implant placement.However,clinicians tend to focus on fac-tors causing errors in surgical operations,ignoring the possibility of irreversible errors in nonstandard guided surgery.Based on the clinical practice of domestic experts and research progress at home and abroad,this paper summarizes the sources of errors in guided implant surgery from the perspectives of preoperative inspection,data collection,guide de-signing and manufacturing and describes strategies to resolve errors so as to gain expert consensus.Consensus recom-mendation:1.Preoperative considerations:the appropriate implant guide type should be selected according to the pa-tient's oral condition before surgery,and a retaining screw-assisted support guide should be selected if necessary.2.Da-ta acquisition should be standardized as much as possible,including beam CT and extraoral scanning.CBCT performed with the patient's head fixed and with a small field of view is recommended.For patients with metal prostheses inside the mouth,a registration marker guide should be used,and the ambient temperature and light of the external oral scan-ner should be reasonably controlled.3.Optimization of computer-aided design:it is recommended to select a handle-guided planting system and a closed metal sleeve and to register images by overlapping markers.Properly designing the retaining screws,extending the support structure of the guide plate and increasing the length of the guide section are methods to feasibly reduce the incidence of surgical errors.4.Improving computer-aided production:it is also crucial to set the best printing parameters according to different printing technologies and to choose the most appropriate postpro-cessing procedures.