Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of RNA molecules, transcripted by RNA polymeraseⅡ, which consists of more than 200 nucleotides and protein-coding function. Many studies have indicated that lncRNA plays an important role in epigenetics, transcription and post-translational processing. The abnormal expression of lncRNA significantly correlates with occurence,development, and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and prognosis of the patients with RCC. This paper summarizes the advances in the research on lncRNA in RCC to reveal the mechanisms of the disease at the molecular level, in order to provide new methods of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment of RCC.

ObjectiveToinvestigatetheroleofimmuneinflammatoryreactionintheformationof intracranial aneurysm. Methods The intracranial aneurysms in 40 patients of craniotomy ( intracranial aneurysm group) and the vascular specimens in 20 craniotomy patients w ith traumatic brain injury (control group) w ere col ected. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction w as used to detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-17 receptor in the arterial w al . Flow cytometry w as used to detect the Th-17 cel s in peripheral blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay w as used to measure the levels of IL-17, IL-6 in the arterial w al and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in peripheral blood. Results There w ere no significant differences in the age (62.6 ±8.7 years vs.61.4 ±7.9 years;t=0.342;P=0.681), proportions of male (60.0%vs.65.0%; χ2 =0.246, P=0.434), hypertension ( 12.5%vs.10.0%; χ2 =0.315, P=0.492), diabetes (75.0%vs.10.0%; χ2 =0.284, P=0.482), and smoking (35.5%vs.30.0%; χ2 =0.224, P=0.413) betw een the intracranial aneurysms group and the control group. The expression of IL -17 receptor in the arterial w al (0.106 ±0.032 vs.0.264 ±0.071; t=5.115, P=0.001) and the proportion of Th17 cels in peripheral blood (2.75%±0.53%vs.7.18%±1.54%; t=8.436, P<0.001) and IL-17 level ( 7.32 ±1.82 μg/L vs.22.64 ±4.51 μg/L; t= 8.357, P< 0.001 ) in the control group w ere significantly low er than those in the intracranial aneurysm group. The levels of IL-6 (1.15 ±0.24 μg/L vs. 19.64 ±4.16 μg/L; t=9.527, P<0.001) and TNF-α(1.43 ±0.31 μg/L vs.26.17 ±4.32 μg/L; t=9.816, P<0.001) in the arterial wal in the control group were significantly lower than those in the intracranial aneurysm group. Conclusions The expression of IL-17 receptor in the arterial w al , the proportion of the Th17 cels and IL-17 level in peripheral blood were increased in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Immune inflammation may be involved in the formation of intracranial aneurysm.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment characteristics in children with cerebral vascular malformation. Methods From September 2007 to December 2016,25 consecutive children with cerebral vascular malformation admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,the third people′s Hospital of Hainan Province were enrolled retrospectively. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT angiography (CTA) or DSA,including 10 males and 15 females,aged 3-15 years,with a median age of 8 (5,10) years. There were 2 children without hemorrhage and 23 had cerebral hemorrhage. The sites of hemorrhage included frontal lobe in 8 cases,temporal lobe in 5 cases,occipital lobe in 4 cases,and frontal,parietal and temporal lobes in 3 cases,thalamus in basal ganglia in 2 cases,and ventricle in 1 case. The patients were treated with hematoma removal and vascular malformation resection,endovascular embolization,and stereotactic radiotherapy. In the acute phase,15 patients were treated with emergency hematoma evacuation and vascular malformation resection due to intracranial hypertension,and 1 patient was treated with embolization, including 1 craniotomy and 1 external ventricular drainage after embolization. After the subacute phase or when the condition was stable,3 patients underwent surgical resection of vascular malformations and clearance of hematoma,3 received embolization,1 underwent simple hematoma clearance (cerebral venous malformations), and 2 underwent stereotactic radiotherapy. They were followed up at 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale ( GOS) score,and CTA and DSA were used to conduct imaging evaluation. Results (1) Twenty-four patients were diagnosed as intracranial arteriovenous malformation,including 9 patients with Sperzler-Martin gradeⅠ,11 with gradeⅡ,and 4 with gradeⅢ. There were 18 patients mainly with anterior circulation blood supply and 6 mainly with posterior circulation blood supply;1 with venous malformation. ( 2 ) No rebleeding occurred during the follow-up, 8 children had seizures,and 1 died at 8 months after operation. The first clinical follow-up was performed in 25 patients at 6 months after treatment. The GOS score was 5 in 5 cases,4 in 12 cases,3 in 4 cases,2 in 3 cases,and 1 in 1 case;they were followed up for more than 1 year. CTA or DSA reexamination showed that 3 children had residual cerebrovascular malformations at 6 months after operation,and the remaining 22 children showed no intracranial vascular malformation. The follow-up time of all the surviving children was >1 year,and DSA was completed at 12 to 38 months after treatment. There was no progress in 3 children with residual vascular malformation during the first follow-up at 6 months after operation and no cerebral hemorrhage occurred. No recurrence was found in 21 children with negative DSA. Conclusions Cerebral vascular malformations in children are mainly arteriovenous malformations,and most them go to see a doctor after spontaneous bleeding. Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment can leave nerve dysfunction as little as possible.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of the novel single-port surgical robotic surgical system in extraperitoneal urological surgery.Methods:From February to April 2022, patients was prospectively enrolled who required laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy and adrenal tumor resection in urology department. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years old; BMI 18.5-30 kg/m 2; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system grades 1 to 3; can cooperate with the completion of the visits and related examinations stipulated in the plan, and participate voluntarily clinical trials, and consent or the guardian agrees to sign the informed consent form; tumor indicators meet one of the following surgical treatment indications: kidney tumor T 1 stage, single, maximum tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm; prostate cancer, stage ≤ T 2b, preoperative PSA ≤ 20 ng /ml; Gleason score ≤ 7; adrenal tumor diameter ≤ 7 cm, for non-functioning adrenal adenoma, tumor diameter ≥ 3 cm. Exclusion criteria were: patients with other malignancies or a history of other malignancies and the investigators believe that they are not suitable for inclusion in this researcher; patients who have received the same type of urological surgery in the past and are not suitable for participating in this study as assessed by the investigators; included Those who have undergone other major surgery within the first 3 months and during the trial period, or who cannot recover from the side effects of any such surgery; syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV infection and carriers; long-term use of anticoagulants or blood system diseases; Unable to use effective contraception during the trial period and other conditions that the investigators deem inappropriate to participate in this trial. All operations were performed by a novel single-port robotic surgical operating system, and all surgical procedures were performed through an extraperitoneal approach. Surgical method: the surgical system is mainly composed of a remote console including a high-definition display, a surgical equipment trolley, a surgical execution system that accommodates a serpentine robotic arm, and a bendable serpentine robotic arm. In this study, the extraperitoneal approach was used. For radical prostatectomy, the patient was placed in a supine position, a longitudinal incision of about 3 cm was made below the umbilicus, the anterior rectus sheath was incised, the extraperitoneal space was separated, and an operating sheath was placed. A 12 mm trocar is placed between the right McBurney point and the umbilicus as an auxiliary hole. For partial nephrectomy and adrenal tumor resection, the patient is placed in the lateral position, and an 3cm incision is made 2 cm above the iliac crest on the midaxillary line as the main operating hole. The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle were incised to the retroperitoneal cavity, and a 12mm trocar was placed at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine on the anterior axillary line as an auxiliary hole. The operation was performed after connecting each robotic arm. After the operation, the specimen was placed in the specimen bag, and a drainage tube is placed in the auxiliary hole, the specimen was taken out, and the incision was closed in turn. Preoperative basic information, operation time, blood loss, incision size, postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative PSA score, eGFR index, postoperative pathological information and other perioperative information were collected. Results:A total of 17 patients were included in this study, including 6 with prostate cancer, 8 with renal tumor, and 3 with adrenal tumor. There were 9 males and 8 females, with an average age of (56.7±14.6) years and a BMI of (23.3±3.4) kg/m 2. The mean operation time of radical prostatectomy was (244.6±35.1) min, the mean operating time of the chief surgeon was (184.0±39.0) min, and the mean blood loss was (36.6±23.8) ml. Postoperative positive margin was found in 2 cases. The average operation time of partial nephrectomy was (189.6±49.4) minutes, the average operating time of the chief surgeon was (115±39.7) minutes, the average blood loss was (12.7±8.3) ml, and the average warm ischemia time was (23.1±10.8) minutes. There was no significant difference in the eGFR index before and after the operation ( P>0.05). The average operation time of adrenalectomy was (177.6±26.9) min, the average operating time of the chief surgeon was (99±20.4) min, and the average blood loss was (11.6±6.2) ml. The overall average operation time of the three surgical methods was (206.9±50.1) min, the overall average operating time of the chief surgeon was (136.5±51.1) min, the overall average blood loss was (21.0±9.2) ml, and the overall average incision size was (3.5±0.5) cm, all added a 12 mm auxiliary channel, and the overall average hospital stay was (8.1±2.7) days. All operations were successfully completed, and there was no conversion to open surgery during the operation, and no operation holes were added. There was no Clavien-Dindo≥grade 3 complication after operation. Conclusions:The novel single-port robot could safely and effectively perform radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy and adrenalectomy which are common in urology through extraperitoneal approach.