Discussed the former herbal investigation of Flos Lonicerae by herbal investigation and field survey. Descripted and illustrated the Caprifoliaceae or Flos Lonicerae in known ancient Chinese medical books that varied with current Lonicera japonica. At last, conformational description of Caprifoliaceae or Flos Lonicerae in Sushenliangfang was reported.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; history ; pharmacology ; Flowers ; anatomy & histology ; History, Ancient ; Literature ; history ; Lonicera ; anatomy & histology ; classification

Anatomy ; history ; France ; General Surgery ; history ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; Humans

Though it is known that the concept of anatomy was introduced in the age of Three Kingdoms, anatomy in modern sense meaning was introduced in late Chosun Dynasty by western missionary doctors. From that time on the lecture of anatomy was not given by anatomist until early 1910s. The first Korean anatomist of medical school graduates was Choi Myung Hak, graduated from Severance Union Medical College(SUMC) in 1926. He was born in 1898 at Ham Heung(Ham Gyung Nam Do Province), and entered SUMC in 1922 and graduated in 1926. He was in charge of anatomy for two years after graduation, and then he went to Kyoto Imperial University Medical College(KIUMC) and researched under the direction of Dr. Ogawa in the field of experimental embryology and histology. He returned to Korea in 1930 and then became a lecturer in January 1931. His Doctorial thesis was receipted by KIUMC on April 18th 1932. So he became the first Korean Doctor of anatomy. He promoted to professor in February 1933. His publications can be seen in Folia Anatomica Japonica. In 1934 he became a councillor of the Japanese Association of Anatomist. He resigned SUMC because of some kind of problem of the school. From that time on Chung, Il-Chun who was appointed as a lecturer in 1934, was in charge of department of anatomy.
Anatomy/*history ; Colonialism/history ; Education, Medical/*history ; English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; Korea

OBJECTIVETo identify the botanical origin of the Guijiu in Shosoin of Japan from Tang Dynasty, and trace its medicinal history.

METHODAnatomical characteristics of the underground parts of Guijiu in Shosoin were compared with those of Hosta plantaginea and H. ventricosa, and research on the medicinal history of Guijiu was made based on its original identification results and describes in herbals.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONGuijiu in Shosoin of Japan was derived from the underground parts of H. plantaginea and is one of Guijiu used in Tang Dynasty and earlier on.

China ; History, Medieval ; Hosta ; anatomy & histology ; Japan ; Pharmacognosy ; history ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology

Anatomy ; history ; Animals ; Education, Medical ; history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Singapore

The knowledge of surface anatomy in the ancient classic Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) is expounded in this article through comprehensive reading of the book and study of surface anatomy. The description and application of body surface landmarks,recording of the length of skeleton at the surface of the body,location of the viscera,palpation on arteries at the surface of the body and dynamic selection of acupoints are studied as well,which provide basis for locating and selecting of acupoints.
Acupuncture ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; Anatomy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

Xanthii Fructus is a traditional medicine for the treatment of nasal diseases in clinic, mainly come from the burs of Xanthium sibiricum with a worldwide distribution. By sorting and studying literature of Chinese medicine and comparing different figures recorded with the morphological description of several species from Xanthium (Asteraceae) in the Flora of China, combining the biological investigation in resource survey, the article pointed out that the burs or the whole herbs of X. mongolicum, as well as X. sibiricum, has been used by the traditional Chinese medicine in ancient time. It provides a reference for further studies in the future.
China ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Xanthium ; anatomy & histology ; classification

Japan received the Western medicine through Portuguese, Spanish and Netherlanders. Especially Netherlanders established House of Trade in Nagasaki. Doctors from their homeland stayed there for several years for the health care of their tradesmen, and taught Japanese Western medicine (mainly surgery). By them Anatomy books written in western languages were introduced into Japan and some Japanese had the eager to identify the real structures of human body. At last Yamawaki Toyo became the first dissector of human body in Japan(1754) and he made his own dissection records. In 1774 Sukita Kenpaku translated the Anatomy book of Kulmus into the classic Chinese. From that time on Japanese translated a lot of Anatomy books in western languages and they themselves wrote Anatomy books of their own.
Anatomy/*history ; Dissection/*history ; English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 17th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 18th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; Japan ; Publishing/*history ; Translations ; Western World

To clarify the origin and application development of the traditional Chinese medicine " Zi-hua Qianhu" and " Qianhu", the medicinal literatures of past dynasties and modern researches were analysed. The plant Angelica decursivum was used as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine "Angelica sinensis Radix" for a long historical period, it is used incorrectly for traditional Chinese medicine "Qianhu" due to origin research in modern times. The plant origin of "Qianhu" is Peucedanum praeruptorum. There are significant differences in clinical applications and chemical composition of the two drugs. The same efficacy description of "Zi-huaQianhu" and "Qianhu" could not stop "Zi-huaQianhu" used as "Qianhu" in practical application. Therefore, we need to further research for the plant A. decursivum, delimit its medicinal attribution.
Angelica ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; history ; Phytotherapy ; history

In current theory, back-shu points are categorized into the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, resulting in difficulties in interpretation and ineffective guide for clinical acupuncture. The development of acupuncture theory indicates that the relationship between back-shu points and corresponding meridians is established by manifestation and root cause of meridian, and enriched in Qianjin Yifang (A Supplement to Recipes Worth a Thousand Gold), but it has been categorized into the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang since Waitai Miyao Fang (Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library) and its influences remain so far. After analysis on this academic development and basis of understanding, it is believed that the problems of back-shu points and twelve meridians are presented with how toselect existing theories; it is proposed that the academic value of relationship between back sha points and twelve meridians should be explored and promoted to establish the theory form and structure relationship. As a result, the theory can be completed to guide the clinical treatment.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; Back ; anatomy & histology ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians