1.Inside the story about the research and development of COVID-19 vaccines
Shrina P. PATEL ; Gayatri S. PATEL ; Jalpa V. SUTHAR
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2021;10(2):154-170
The ongoing coronavirus threat from China has spread rapidly to other nations and has been declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). The pandemic has resulted in over half of the world's population living under conditions of lockdown. Several academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies that are in different stages of development have plunged into the vaccine development race against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The demand for immediate therapy and potential prevention of COVID-19 is growing with the increase in the number of individuals affected due to the seriousness of the disease, global dissemination, lack of prophylactics, and therapeutics. The challenging part is a need for vigorous testing for immunogenicity, safety, efficacy, and level of protection conferred in the hosts for the vaccines. As the world responds to the COVID-19 pandemic, we face the challenge of an overabundance of information related to the virus. Inaccurate information and myths spread widely and at speed, making it more difficult for the public to identify verified facts and advice from trusted sources, such as their local health authority or WHO. This review focuses on types of vaccine candidates against COVID-19 in clinical as well as in the preclinical development platform.
2.Birth of a healthy infant after bone marrow-derived cell therapy
Nayana H PATEL ; Yuvraj D JADEJA ; Niket H PATEL ; Molina N PATEL ; Harsha K BHADARKA ; Piyush N CHUDASAMA ; Harmi R THAKKAR
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 2021;48(3):268-272
Bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) therapy has numerous applications as potential biological cells for use in regenerative medicine. Here, we present an original case of endometrial atrophy associated with genital tuberculosis in a woman who achieved a live birth with BMDC. This 27-year-old woman came to our center with endometrial atrophy and primary infertility. She had a past history of genital tuberculosis and amenorrhea. Her husband’s semen quality was normal. The patient was counseled for hysteroscopy due to thin endometrium and advised in vitro fertilization (IVF) with donor eggs in lieu of poor ovarian reserve. Several attempts of IVF with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were made, but the desired thickness of the endometrium was not achieved. Uterine artery injection of BMDC through interventional radiology was given, followed by HRT for three months, which resulted in improved endometrium. This was subsequently followed by IVF with donor egg. The treatment resulted in the conception and delivery of a 3.1-kg baby boy through lower segment caesarean section with no antenatal, intranatal or postnatal complications. Recently, there has been massive interest in stem cells as a novel treatment method for regenerative medicine, and more specifically for the regeneration of human endometrium disorders like Asherman syndrome and thin endometrium, which was the reason behind using this strategy for treatment.
3.Birth of a healthy infant after bone marrow-derived cell therapy
Nayana H PATEL ; Yuvraj D JADEJA ; Niket H PATEL ; Molina N PATEL ; Harsha K BHADARKA ; Piyush N CHUDASAMA ; Harmi R THAKKAR
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 2021;48(3):268-272
Bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) therapy has numerous applications as potential biological cells for use in regenerative medicine. Here, we present an original case of endometrial atrophy associated with genital tuberculosis in a woman who achieved a live birth with BMDC. This 27-year-old woman came to our center with endometrial atrophy and primary infertility. She had a past history of genital tuberculosis and amenorrhea. Her husband’s semen quality was normal. The patient was counseled for hysteroscopy due to thin endometrium and advised in vitro fertilization (IVF) with donor eggs in lieu of poor ovarian reserve. Several attempts of IVF with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were made, but the desired thickness of the endometrium was not achieved. Uterine artery injection of BMDC through interventional radiology was given, followed by HRT for three months, which resulted in improved endometrium. This was subsequently followed by IVF with donor egg. The treatment resulted in the conception and delivery of a 3.1-kg baby boy through lower segment caesarean section with no antenatal, intranatal or postnatal complications. Recently, there has been massive interest in stem cells as a novel treatment method for regenerative medicine, and more specifically for the regeneration of human endometrium disorders like Asherman syndrome and thin endometrium, which was the reason behind using this strategy for treatment.
4.Antimicrobial profile of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetables and indigenous fermented foods of India against clinical pathogens using microdilution method.
Ami PATEL ; Nihir SHAH ; Padma AMBALAM ; J B PRAJAPATI ; Olle HOLST ; Asa LJUNGH
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013;26(9):759-764
5.A Korean Postmarketing Study Assessing the Effectiveness of OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity or Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Using a Validated Patient-Reported Outcome Measure
Kwang Jin KO ; Brenda JENKINS ; Anand PATEL ; Kyu Sung LEE
International Neurourology Journal 2019;23(1):30-39
PURPOSE: OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) associated with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB); however, real-world evidence is limited. This postmarketing surveillance study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in Korean patients with UI associated with NDO or OAB with an inadequate response or intolerance to anticholinergics. METHODS: Patients received 200 U (NDO) or 100 U (OAB) of onabotulinumtoxinA. Effectiveness (assessed using the validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form [ICIQ-SF]) and safety were assessed for 1–4 months after onabotulinumtoxinA administration. RESULTS: Overall, 686 patients (NDO, 161; OAB, 525) comprised the safety population; of these, 612 patients were analyzed for effectiveness. There was a significant decrease (P<0.0001) in the mean (standard deviation) ICIQ-SF scores in the NDO (–6.8±5.5) and OAB (–6.0±6.4) groups after onabotulinumtoxinA administration. A decrease of >5 points from baseline in the ICIQ-SF score was observed in 64.9% and 47.3% of patients in the NDO and OAB groups, respectively. Following treatment, 59.9% in the NDO group and 43.0% in the OAB group were dry. There was no effect of age on effectiveness in either group. Only 10 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 5.6% of NDO patients and 20 ADRs in 3.2% of OAB patients. Most ADRs in both groups were related to the lower urinary tract such as dysuria (NDO, 1.2%; OAB, 0.6%) and urinary retention (NDO, 0.6%; OAB, 1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in Korea in a real-world setting was demonstrated.
Cholinergic Antagonists
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Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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Dysuria
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Humans
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Korea
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Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
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Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
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Urinary Bladder, Overactive
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Urinary Incontinence
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Urinary Retention
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Urinary Tract
6.Simultaneous bilateral shoulder and bilateral central acetabular fracture dislocation: What to do?
Hardik SHETH ; Abhijeet-Ashok SALUNKE ; Ramesh PANCHAL ; Jimmy CHOKSHI ; G-I NAMBI ; Saranjeet SINGH ; Amit PATEL ; Ranu SHETH
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2016;19(1):59-62
Musculoskeletal injuries following seizures have a high morbidity and mortality. These injuries are often missed and the diagnosis is delayed due to a lack of clinical suspicion and appropriate investigations.We report a case of 72 years old male with simultaneous bilateral central acetabular fracture dislocation and bilateral posterior shoulder fracture dislocation secondary to an epileptic seizure. Present study high- lights the significance of clinical suspicion and clinico-radiological evaluation for diagnosis of a rare injury following episode of seizures. Simultaneous fracture dislocation of all four limbs treated with a holistic approach can lead to a good functional recovery. Surgical management with open reduction and internal fixation is preferred and replacement arthroplasty should be reserved for cases with implant failure and elderly patients.
Acetabulum
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injuries
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Aged
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Epilepsy
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complications
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Fracture Dislocation
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diagnostic imaging
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surgery
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Fractures, Bone
;
surgery
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Humans
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Male
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Shoulder Fractures
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diagnostic imaging
;
surgery
7.The Intricacies of Insomnia: A Comprehensive Exploration
Nimit KHARA ; Anagha APTE ; Yagnang VYAS ; Dhaval PRAJAPATI ; Ravish KSHATRIYA ; Sateesh PATEL
Journal of Sleep Medicine 2024;21(2):65-72
Insomnia is a pervasive and often debilitating sleep disorder that profoundly affects health and overall wellbeing. This comprehensive review focuses on the historical context, clinical significance, diagnostic criteria, investigative methods, and global treatment guidelines for insomnia. Historically, references to insomnia have appeared in ancient Egyptian and Greek texts, but it was not until the 19th century that they were rigorously studied and classified. Notable individuals, including Vincent van Gogh, Franz Kafka, and Marilyn Monroe, have struggled publicly with insomnia, underscoring its widespread nature. The pathophysiology of insomnia is multifactorial, involving physiological, psychological, and environmental factors. Hyperarousal, dysregulation of the sleep-wake cycle, and neurotransmitter imbalances are central to its development. Insomnia can be categorized into acute, chronic, comorbid, idiopathic, and behavioral types. Epidemiological studies have revealed that up to 30% of adults experience insomnia, with a higher prevalence among women, older adults, and those with a lower socioeconomic status. Insomnia is associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and increased mortality risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated insomnia owing to stress and lifestyle changes. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment, including sleep history, physical examination, and objective evaluations, such as polysomnography. Treatment combines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia as the first-line approach. Pharmacotherapy includes benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, antidepressants, melatonin, and orexin receptor antagonists. Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the European Sleep Research Society emphasize individualized, evidence-based treatment plans to improve sleep quality and overall health.
8.The Intricacies of Insomnia: A Comprehensive Exploration
Nimit KHARA ; Anagha APTE ; Yagnang VYAS ; Dhaval PRAJAPATI ; Ravish KSHATRIYA ; Sateesh PATEL
Journal of Sleep Medicine 2024;21(2):65-72
Insomnia is a pervasive and often debilitating sleep disorder that profoundly affects health and overall wellbeing. This comprehensive review focuses on the historical context, clinical significance, diagnostic criteria, investigative methods, and global treatment guidelines for insomnia. Historically, references to insomnia have appeared in ancient Egyptian and Greek texts, but it was not until the 19th century that they were rigorously studied and classified. Notable individuals, including Vincent van Gogh, Franz Kafka, and Marilyn Monroe, have struggled publicly with insomnia, underscoring its widespread nature. The pathophysiology of insomnia is multifactorial, involving physiological, psychological, and environmental factors. Hyperarousal, dysregulation of the sleep-wake cycle, and neurotransmitter imbalances are central to its development. Insomnia can be categorized into acute, chronic, comorbid, idiopathic, and behavioral types. Epidemiological studies have revealed that up to 30% of adults experience insomnia, with a higher prevalence among women, older adults, and those with a lower socioeconomic status. Insomnia is associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and increased mortality risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated insomnia owing to stress and lifestyle changes. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment, including sleep history, physical examination, and objective evaluations, such as polysomnography. Treatment combines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia as the first-line approach. Pharmacotherapy includes benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, antidepressants, melatonin, and orexin receptor antagonists. Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the European Sleep Research Society emphasize individualized, evidence-based treatment plans to improve sleep quality and overall health.
9.The Intricacies of Insomnia: A Comprehensive Exploration
Nimit KHARA ; Anagha APTE ; Yagnang VYAS ; Dhaval PRAJAPATI ; Ravish KSHATRIYA ; Sateesh PATEL
Journal of Sleep Medicine 2024;21(2):65-72
Insomnia is a pervasive and often debilitating sleep disorder that profoundly affects health and overall wellbeing. This comprehensive review focuses on the historical context, clinical significance, diagnostic criteria, investigative methods, and global treatment guidelines for insomnia. Historically, references to insomnia have appeared in ancient Egyptian and Greek texts, but it was not until the 19th century that they were rigorously studied and classified. Notable individuals, including Vincent van Gogh, Franz Kafka, and Marilyn Monroe, have struggled publicly with insomnia, underscoring its widespread nature. The pathophysiology of insomnia is multifactorial, involving physiological, psychological, and environmental factors. Hyperarousal, dysregulation of the sleep-wake cycle, and neurotransmitter imbalances are central to its development. Insomnia can be categorized into acute, chronic, comorbid, idiopathic, and behavioral types. Epidemiological studies have revealed that up to 30% of adults experience insomnia, with a higher prevalence among women, older adults, and those with a lower socioeconomic status. Insomnia is associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and increased mortality risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated insomnia owing to stress and lifestyle changes. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment, including sleep history, physical examination, and objective evaluations, such as polysomnography. Treatment combines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia as the first-line approach. Pharmacotherapy includes benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, antidepressants, melatonin, and orexin receptor antagonists. Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the European Sleep Research Society emphasize individualized, evidence-based treatment plans to improve sleep quality and overall health.
10. Screening of antiproliferative activity mediated through apoptosis pathway in human non-small lung cancer A-549 cells by active compounds present in medicinal plants
Nutan V. BADGUJAR ; Kinnari N. MISTRY ; Dharamshibhai N. RANK ; Chaitanya G. JOSHI
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018;11(12):666-675
Objective: To explore the antiproliferative activity and apoptosis in cells caused by active compounds present in plants using different techniques. Methods: We investigated the antiproliferative effects of methanolic extracts from different parts of seven plants on A-549 (lung cancer) cells and primary cell culture (chick embryo fibroblast cells, as normal cells) using MTT assay and the potent plant was fractioned further. All these fractions were screened again for anti-proliferative activity. DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining were used to study apoptosis. Quantitative real-time was used to investigate the expression of apoptotic-related genes. LC-MS and