1. Evaluation of fluid intake and its relationship between preterm delivery in pregnant women
Tergel N ; Tumenjargal T ; Enerel B ; Anand B ; Odkhuu E
Innovation 2014;8(3):38-40
BACKGROUNDAccording to WHO statistics of 2013, daily 371,124[1] births, annually 135.5 million [1] births occur worldwide which tends to increase in the following years. In Mongolia, studies that evaluaterelationship between fluid intakes of pregnant women and preterm delivery risk have not been conducted so far to our knowledge. Thus, we aimed to determine this relationship by evaluating first and second trimester fluid intakesof pregnant women in Mongolia.METHODS35 and above years old pregnant women of 24-32 gestational weeks have been included in the study where body measurements and fluid intake were collected via questionnaireand examination.RESULTSWhen we studied the relationship between average fluid intake and preterm delivery risk, having inadequate fluid intake in the first trimester increased the risk of preterm delivery by 5.98 (CI95% 0.89-40.08, p<0.01) fold whereas having inadequate fluid intake in the second trimester increased the risk of preterm delivery by 4.03 (CI 95% 1.06-15.21, p<0.01) foldrespectively.CONCLUSIONSOur results show that low fluid intake in first and second gestational trimesters results in increased risk of preterm delivery significantly in Mongolia.
2.Clinical experience with BIAsp 30: Results from the Philippine cohort of the global a1chieve study.
Lim-Abrahan Mary Anne ; Jain Anand B ; Yu-Gan Susan ; Sobrepena Leorino M ; Racho Veronica A
Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine 2014;52(3):1-10
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) parameters of A1chieve study participants in the Philippine cohort, who were treated with BIAsp 30.
METHODOLOGY: A1chieve is a non-interventional, six-month, observational study of 66,726 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including both insulin users and non-insulin users, started on insulin detemir, insulin aspart, or BIAsp 30 in 28 countries across four continents. The present study evaluates the safety, effectiveness and HRQoL in 1,252 subjects from the Philippine cohort of the A1chieve study who were treated with BIAsp 30.
RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age, duration of diabetes and mean BMI were found to be 55.5±11.7 years, 7.2 ± 5.6 years and 25.4 ± 5.3 kg/m2, respectively. Seventy-eight percent (78%) of subjects were insulin naïve and 22% were prior insulin users. At baseline, glycemic control was poor (HbA1c = 9.9%) in the entire cohort. Overall there was a 2.7% reduction in mean HbA1c and 44.2% subjects achieved the HbA1c target of <7.0%, after 24 weeks of therapy with BIAsp 30. There were significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure after 24 weeks of therapy with BIAsp 30. There was no increase in the incidence of hypoglycemia among insulin-naïve subjects, while there was a marked reduction in hypoglycemia (4.93 to 2.53 events/person-year) among prior insulin users at 24 weeks.
CONCLUSION: BIAsp 30 is safe and efficacious for initiating and intensifying insulin therapy for Filipino T2DM patients.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Insulin Aspart ; Insulin ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Cholesterol, Ldl ; Triglycerides ; Insulin, Isophane
3.Antimicrobial profile of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetables and indigenous fermented foods of India against clinical pathogens using microdilution method.
Ami PATEL ; Nihir SHAH ; Padma AMBALAM ; J B PRAJAPATI ; Olle HOLST ; Asa LJUNGH
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013;26(9):759-764
4.In-Silico Analysis of Chromatin Modifiers and Profiling of Histone Deacetylases (HDAC’s) in Human Oral Cancer
Anand K. SAJNANI ; Sanket G. SHAH ; Mudasir RASHID ; Abhiram NATU ; Poonam B. GERA ; Sanjay GUPTA
Chonnam Medical Journal 2021;57(3):176-184
Histone modifications have been demonstrated to play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epigenetic regulation. An in-silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of various histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggested that HATs do not differ between normal and tumor samples whereas HDAC2 and HDAC1 change maximally and marginally respectively between normal and tumor patients with no change being noted in HDAC6 expression. Hence, this investigation was carried out to validate the expression states of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 mRNAs in buccal mucosa and tongue SCC samples in an Indian cohort. Buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues with intact histopathology were processed for RNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis which was then subjected to q-PCR for HDACs. The average RNA yield of the tongue tissue sample was ∼2 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratios were between 2.03 and 2.06. The average RNA yield of buccal mucosa tissue sample was ∼1 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratio were between 2.00 and 2.08. We have demonstrated that HDAC2 was overexpressed in tongue and buccal mucosa samples. Over-expression of HDAC2 imply potential use of HDACi along with standard chemotherapeutic drug in oral cancer treatment.
5.In-Silico Analysis of Chromatin Modifiers and Profiling of Histone Deacetylases (HDAC’s) in Human Oral Cancer
Anand K. SAJNANI ; Sanket G. SHAH ; Mudasir RASHID ; Abhiram NATU ; Poonam B. GERA ; Sanjay GUPTA
Chonnam Medical Journal 2021;57(3):176-184
Histone modifications have been demonstrated to play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epigenetic regulation. An in-silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of various histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggested that HATs do not differ between normal and tumor samples whereas HDAC2 and HDAC1 change maximally and marginally respectively between normal and tumor patients with no change being noted in HDAC6 expression. Hence, this investigation was carried out to validate the expression states of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 mRNAs in buccal mucosa and tongue SCC samples in an Indian cohort. Buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues with intact histopathology were processed for RNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis which was then subjected to q-PCR for HDACs. The average RNA yield of the tongue tissue sample was ∼2 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratios were between 2.03 and 2.06. The average RNA yield of buccal mucosa tissue sample was ∼1 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratio were between 2.00 and 2.08. We have demonstrated that HDAC2 was overexpressed in tongue and buccal mucosa samples. Over-expression of HDAC2 imply potential use of HDACi along with standard chemotherapeutic drug in oral cancer treatment.
6.Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Management of COVID19-Associated Lung Injury: A Review on Publications, Clinical Trials and Patent Landscape
Anand KRISHNAN ; Senthilkumar MUTHUSAMY ; Francis B. FERNANDEZ ; Naresh KASOJU
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2022;19(4):659-673
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic situation forced the scientific community to explore all the possibilities from various fields, and so far we have seen a lot of surprises, eureka moments and disappointments. One of the approaches from the cellular therapists was exploiting the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), more so of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)—particularly exosomes, in order to alleviate the cytokine storm and regenerate the damaged lung tissues. Unlike MSCs, the EVs are easier to store, deliver, and are previously shown to be as effective as MSCs, yet less immunogenic. These features attracted the attention of many and thus led to a tremendous increase in publications, clinical trials and patent applications. This review presents the current landscape of the field and highlights some interesting findings on MSC-derived EVs in the context of COVID-19, including in silico, in vitro, in vivo and case reports. The data strongly suggests the potential of MSC-derived EVs as a therapeutic regime for the management of acute lung injury and associated complications in COVID-19 and beyond.
7.Cytokine expression pattern in milk somatic cells of subclinical mastitis-affected cattle analyzed by real time PCR.
Vaibhav D BHATT ; Prasad S KHADE ; Sagar B TARATE ; Ajai K TRIPATHI ; Dev S NAURIYAL ; Dharamshi N RANK ; Anju P KUNJADIA ; Chaitanya G JOSHI
Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 2012;52(4):231-238
The expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines viz. interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in response to subclinical mastitis in indigenous cattle breed Kankrej (n = 6), Gir (Bos indicus) (n = 12) and crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) (n = 7) were investigated using quantitative real time PCR. Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between total bacterial load and somatic cell count (SCC) in all three breeds of cattle. All the cytokines were observed to be up-regulated compared to cows with healthy quarters, however, level of their expression varied among three breeds of cattle. In Kankrej most cytokines were found to be transcribed to higher levels than in other two breeds; the milk had higher load of bacteria but not so high SCC, implying that Kankrej has a higher inherent resistance against mastitis. The results of present study indicated that mammary glands of crossbred cattle are more sensitive to bacterial infection than indigenous breed of cattle as they elicit immune response at lower bacterial load and result into higher SCC. Research on identification of factors responsible for differentially expressed cytokines profiles and use of cytokines as immunomodulatory tools can pave way for formulating control strategies against bovine mastitis.
Animals
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Bacteria
;
Bacterial Infections
;
Bacterial Load
;
Cattle
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Cell Count
;
Cytokines
;
Female
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Granulocytes
;
Interferon-gamma
;
Interferons
;
Interleukin-12
;
Interleukin-8
;
Interleukins
;
Mammary Glands, Human
;
Mastitis
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Mastitis, Bovine
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Milk
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
8.Study results of the prevalence for thyroid disorders
Tsegmed S ; Norolkhoosuren B ; Otgonbayar S ; Tsientcogzol D ; Lkhagvajav B ; Buanzaya B ; Enkhtuya N ; Anand U ; Bolormaa N ; Narantuya D ; Unursaikhan S
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2022;199(1):15-23
Introduction:
Among the endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disease and thyroid disorders occupy a significant place. According to the World Health Organization, 8-18% of the world’s population suffer from thyroid disorders. In our country, no research on the prevalence of the disorders has been conducted before, and this research methodology was discussed by the Scientific committee of the National Center for Public Health and was approved by resolution No.156 of the Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health on 2020.
Materials and Methods:
In order to determine the prevalence
of thyroid disease in the country, we collected the actual number of thyroid disorders registered in 9 districts of the capital city and 330 soums of 21 aimags for a total of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was mapped using Arc view and GIS software.
Results
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease account for 2.3% of all outpatient cases. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disease accounted for an average of 168.3 per 10000 population over the past 10 years, and thyroid disorders accounted for 45 or 26.7% of endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases. Thyroid disorders are highest in people aged 40-49 years.
Thyroid toxicity is the most common type of thyroid disease in Mongolia, accounting for 56.2%, with an average of 17.2 per 10000 population in 2011-2020. However, iodine deficiency-related thyroid disease accounts for 5.5% of all thyroid disorders, with an average of 2.5 per 10000 population in 2011-2020. In 2011, it decreased by 2.2 per 10000 population, and by 2020, it decreased by 0.2 per thousand to 2.0, but in the last 5 years, it has increased by an average of 2.4 per 10,000 population, and in the last 5 years it has increased by 0.2 per thousand, or 2.6 per 10,000 population. Morbidity is high in the Khangai and Central regions.
9.In vitro safety evaluation and anticlastogenic effect of BacoMind on human lymphocytes.
Dlpanwita Dutta DEB ; Preeti KAPOOR ; R P DIGHE ; R PADMAJA ; M S ANAND ; P D'SOUZA ; M DEEPAK ; B MURALI ; Amit AGARWAL
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008;21(1):7-23
<b>OBJECTIVEb>BacoMind (BM) is a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri, which belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is a creeping annual plant found throughout the Indian subcontinent. It has been used by Ayurvedic medicinal practitioners in India for almost 3000 years and is classified as a medharasayana, a substance which improves memory and intellect. With the widespread traditional use as well as scientific validation of Bacopa monnieri for nootropic activity, a bioactive-rich unique phytochemical composition-BacoMind was developed from B. monnieri for use as a cognition and memory enhancing agent. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro toxicity of this formulation of BacoMind on human lymphocytes and to rule out its possible contribution to mutagenicity.
<b>METHODSb>In the present investigation the active ingredients present in BM were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Antioxidant and anticlastogenic properties of BM were studied in vitro with and without metabolic activation. Doses of BM were chosen on the basis of mitotic index (MI) and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI). Clastogenicity assays were performed at 31.2 microg/mL, 62.5 microg/mL, and 125 microg/mL, while the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) was performed at doses of 61.72, 185.18, 555.55, 1666.67, and 5000.00 microg/plate.
<b>RESULTSb>HPLC and HPTLC analysis of BM revealed the presence of bacoside A3, bacopaside I, bacopaside II, jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C, bacosine, luteolin, apigenin, bacosine, and beta-sitosterol D glucoside. BM demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. The number of chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of micronuclei induced by BM were not statistically significant up to a dose of 62.5 microg/mL. A subsequent dose of 125 microg/mL prior to metabolic activation induced mild clastogenicity, but it was found to be biologically insignificant as this effect was not seen post metabolic activation. BM also demonstrated a dose-dependent protection against the clastogens used in this study using the above tests for clastogenicity. Maximum protection was observed in presence of metabolic activation. Moreover, BM demonstrated no mutagenic effect on the tested strains, as observed in the Ames test.
<b>CONCLUSIONb>BM protected human lymphocytes against various clastogens. BM also exhibited high antioxidant activity which might be responsible for the observed protective effects against the clastogens since the used clastogens are known to induce their clastogenic effects via production of oxidative radicals.
Antimutagenic Agents ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Bacopa ; chemistry ; Biotransformation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; pharmacology
10.A prospective, randomized, open label, single-centre study for assessment of safety and effectiveness of recombinant human insulin 30/70 + insulin glulisine compared to recombinant human insulin NPH + regular in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Philippines.
Leilani B MERCADO-ASIS ; Mary Jane TANCHEE-NGO ; Erick S MENDOZA ; Ashish MANE ; Anand VASAM ; Agam SHAH ; Rishi JAIN
Journal of Medicine University of Santo Tomas 2019;3(1):260-269
Background:
The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Philippines has burdened the health care system. Therefore, we compared the
standard of care Insulin 30/70 + Insulin Glulisine
(Arm B) to a traditional insulin regimen NPH Insulin
+ Regular Insulin (Arm A) to test the concept that
both insulin regimens provide comparable effectiveness and safety in real-world practice.
Methods :
This is a ‘proof-of-concept,’ prospective,
randomized, open label pragmatic study of 40
consecutive Filipino T2DM patients from October
2015 to June 2016. The primary endpoint was a
reduction in HbA1c at 12 weeks. The secondary
endpoints were changes in Fasting Plasma Glucose
(FPG), Post Prandial Glucose (PPG), Capillary Blood Sugar (CBS), weight and insulin dose at 12 weeks.
ANCOVA and Fisher’s exact tests were used.
Results :
Patients in treatment arm A showed comparable glycemic control to arm B as measured by
reductions in HbA1c (2.89% vs. 2.67%; P = 0.657),
FPG (65.94 vs. 46.71 mg/dl; P = 0.57), PPG (76.49
vs. 86.96 mg/dl; P = 0.271) and CBS (115.15 vs.
145.95 mg/dl; P = 0.420). Both treatment arms reported similar weight gain (1.92 vs. 1.22 kg), experienced similar incidence of hypoglycemia (7 vs. 6
patients) and adverse events (AE) (8 vs. 8 patients).
Conclusion
The traditional combination of NPH
Insulin + Regular Insulin offers comparable glycemic control and tolerance as the standard of care
without any new safety signals in the Filipino T2DM
population. With a lower price, it can be one of the
strategies to reduce the fi nancial burden of antidiabetic treatment.
Insulin, Isophane
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Insulin
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2