The aim of this study was to determine the optimal amount of paprika juice added to cashew dressing. This study presents fundamental data on the quality and sensory characteristics of cashew dressings added with paprika juice (addition of 20%, 40% yellow, red and green paprika juice instead of water). The pH of cashew dressing added with paprika juice was 4.61~4.80, whereas that of control was 4.35. The viscosity of cashew dressing added with paprika juice was 34,130.5~36,515.3 cp while that of control was 26,558.8 cp. L value of control (73.83) was higher than those of other groups (65.45~72.23), and a value of dressing added with red paprika juice (9.81~10.42) was higher than those of other groups. Preference of cashew dressings added with paprika juice and foods was evaluated. The sweet, sour, and savory tastes showed no significant differences between control and cashew dressings added with paprika juice. Preference of color of cashew dressing with green paprika juice was higher than those of other groups, and the preference of cashew dressing added with yellow paprika juice 20% (Y20) was higher than those of other groups. The Y20 sample received the highest score in sensory evaluation. In the sensory evaluation for food and dressing (Y20), chicken cutlets and fruit salad received higher scores than other foods. It is expected that cashew added with paprika juice will be utilized as a healthy dressing.
Anacardium* ; Bandages* ; Capsicum* ; Chickens ; Fruit ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Satureja ; Viscosity

The effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of Erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (Pisum sativum). Maximum conidial germination inhibition of E. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. Similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. Conidial germination on intact untreated pea leaves was also assessed on II and IV nodal leaves while IV and II nodal leaves were treated with the extract and vice versa. There was tremendous reduction in conidial germination on all the nodal leaves. The disease intensity of pea powdery mildew was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of cashewnut shells. Maximum reduction was observed with 200 ppm where 39% disease intensity was recorded in comparison to 96.53% in the control. The phenolic acid content of pea leaves following treatments with this extract varied and no definite pattern was observed. Out of several phenolic compounds, namely, gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, only gallic acid was found to be present consistently in all the treatments with varied amounts.
Anacardium ; Gallic Acid ; Germination ; Glass ; Hydroxybenzoates ; Methanol ; Peas ; Phenol

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cashew nut extract (DeBCC©) cream compared with a vehicle cream in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), mainly by comparing each group's composite clearance rate, defined by the absence of histopathologic evidence of BCC at the target lesion site.

METHODS: A randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled trial was conducted on nineteen patients, who underwent eight weekly topical treatment application sessions of either vehicle or experimental drug. Six weeks post-treatment, they underwent surgical excision of their lesions. A dermatopathologist examined these specimens. Clinical and histopathologic clearances were evaluated.

RESULTS: The clinical clearance rate (67%) of DeBCC was significantly higher compared to vehicle (p=0.003), while the composite clearance rate (33%) was not (p>0.005). The pre-test probability of clinical clearance in concordance with histopathologic clearance (15.79%) suggests that clinical resolution of a BCC lesion may not equate to histopathologic clerance.

CONCLUSION: This study showed a modest clinical clerance rate but a low composite clerance rate for DeBCC cream. Further studies with bigger sample size that are limited to less aggressive BCC subtypes are needed to strongly establish the efficacy and safety of topical cashew nut extract for BCC treatment.

Human ; Anacardium ; Nuts ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Administration, Topical ; Probability ; Aminoquinolines ; Skin Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: The Pink peppercorn belongs to the same Anacardiaceae family as cashew and pistachio. However, the cross-reactivity of pink peppercorn with cashew and pistachio has yet to be studied. To date, there has been a single case report of anaphylaxis to pink peppercorn in a cashew and pistachio allergic individual. OBJECTIVE: We aim to demonstrate cross-sensitization to pink peppercorn in cashew and/or pistachio allergic children. METHODS: A small descriptive cohort study looking at cross-sensitization of pink peppercorn in cashew and/or pistachio allergic children was conducted. Children with a history of reaction to pistachio and/or cashew nut underwent skin prick tests to the pink peppercorn species Schinus terebinthifolius to determine cross-sensitization. RESULTS: Out of the 21 cashew and/or pistachio allergic subjects, 16 (76.2%) demonstrated cross-sensitization to pink peppercorn. None of the subjects had any knowledge of previous exposure or allergic reactions to pink peppercorn. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates potential cross-reactivity between pink peppercorn and cashew and pistachio. While an oral food challenge to pink peppercorn would have been important in demonstrating clinical cross-reactivity, this was not performed due to ethical constraints. We hope to increase the awareness of pink peppercorn as a potential and hidden source of allergen and encourage further studies to demonstrate the clinical cross-reactivity and to better delineate the major allergen involved.
Anacardiaceae ; Anacardium ; Anaphylaxis ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Cross Reactions ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Hope ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Nuts ; Pistacia ; Skin

BACKGROUND: There has been an increasing trend of nut allergies in Singapore. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the clinical characteristics of children with cashew nut allergy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted in a tertiary paediatric referral centre in Singapore from 2008 to 2015. A total of 99 subjects with positive specific IgE (≥0.35 IU/L) to cashew nut were identified. Clinical features including demographics, clinical reaction to cashew nut, associations with other nuts and test specific measurements were recorded. RESULTS: The results showed that cutaneous symptoms (71.2%) were the most common allergic manifestations. Anaphylaxis occurred in 3.8% of children. In addition, all cashew nut allergic subjects were cross-reactive (either sensitized or allergic) to pistachio. Cross-reactivity rate with peanuts was 53.8%. There was a strong prevalence of atopy among cashew nut allergic subjects. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, cashew nut allergy is a significant tree nut allergy in Singapore.
Anacardium ; Anaphylaxis ; Arachis ; Child ; Demography ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Nut Hypersensitivity ; Nuts ; Pistacia ; Prevalence ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore

With increasing need to prevent serious food allergy reactions, Korean food allergen labeling regulation has been revised repeatedly. This paper aims to summarize current statuses of food allergen labeling in Korea and foreign countries and to analyze the issue of food allergen labeling regulation. Korean food labeling regulation currently requires 19 items and 22 foods to be reported on labels (eggs, milk, buckwheat, peanut, soybean, wheat, mackerel, crab, shrimp, pork, peach, tomato, sulfite, walnut, chicken, beef, squid, shellfish, and pine nut). However, some common food triggers (for example, almond, cashew nut, and kiwi fruit) are not included in the current labeling regulation. Another issue is that the Korean labeling regulation has not yet been fully implemented for nonprepacked foods; thus, consumers still have difficulty in correctly identifying allergenic ingredients in food. It should be assessed whether warning statements for cross-contamination are reasonable. To prevent the occurrence of serious reactions from accidental ingestion, efforts must be made to solve recently raised issues including the items required to be listed on food labels, the system of standards for labeling and display methods.
Anacardium ; Arachis ; Chickens ; Decapodiformes ; Eating ; Fagopyrum ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Food Labeling ; Hypersensitivity ; Juglans ; Korea ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Milk ; Nuts ; Perciformes ; Prunus dulcis ; Prunus persica ; Red Meat ; Shellfish ; Soybeans ; Triticum

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) among children has increased significantly over the past decade. Even though the prevalence of PA in Singapore is considered low, peanut is the top trigger for food-induced anaphylaxis in Singaporean children.OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical features of children with PA.METHODS: This is a 5-year retrospective review of children diagnosed with PA based on clinical history coupled with a positive skin prick test to peanut or positive oral food challenge results.RESULTS: There were 269 patients (53.9% males) with a clinical diagnosis of PA. The median age at first allergic presentation for the PA group was 24 months old, with interquartile range of 13–39 months. The most common form of peanut introduced was roasted peanut. The rate of peanut anaphylaxis was 7.1%. Concomitant tree nut sensitization was found in 32.3% of this cohort, predominantly to cashew nut. Majority of them have a personal history of atopy – 75.8% with eczema, 63.6% with allergic rhinitis, and 19.7% with asthma.CONCLUSION: This is the first large review of peanut-allergic children in Singapore. Prospective population-based studies are needed to establish the true prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of this potentially life-threatening condition.
Anacardium ; Anaphylaxis ; Arachis ; Asia ; Asthma ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Eczema ; Humans ; Nuts ; Peanut Hypersensitivity ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; Skin ; Trees

Anacardium ; Capsaicin ; Carcinogens ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Cicatrix ; Esophagus ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunologic Factors ; Iron ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth ; Mucous Membrane ; Pharynx ; Precancerous Conditions ; Skin ; Thigh ; Vitamin B Complex

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains as the most common cutaneous neoplasm in the Philippines consisting of more than 60% of all skin cancers. Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) cashew extract, which had been used successfully in the removal of warts and moles in previous studies, is presented as a therapeutic option in BCC.
METHODS: An open-label prospective study was conducted on 36 patients (mean age of 65 years) with documented BCC lesions on middle third of the face. Cashew nut extract (DeBCC) application was offered to these patients as an alternative option to very unacceptable extirpative surgery offered by general and plastic surgeons as treatment for their lesions. Lesion size ranged from 7.5- 64 mm. (26.26 mm). Topical treatment was applied every 1-2 weeks, as needed. Follow-up examinations with photographic documentation were made every week to evaluate success of the treatment.
RESULTS: After a mean of 7 treatment applications (range of 1-20) all the lesions were undetectable on clinical examinations. Mild tingling sensation, which was reported by all patients during the treatment applications, was tolerable on all occasions. With follow-up ranging from 5-60 months (38.72 months), 16 patients completed the planned 5 - year post-treatment follow-up period. There were no recurrences detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) cashew extract (DeBCC) presents a viable and acceptable treatment option in primary BCC. The importance of this treatment option could be stressed in patients with lesions not amenable to the prescribed wide margin of resection needed in surgery.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged 80 And Over ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Anacardium ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Humans ; Moles ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Nuts ; Philippines ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Skin Neoplasms ; Surgeons ; Warts ;