OBJECTIVETo study the technology of extracting flavonoids from Choerospondias axillaris by percolation.

METHODThe optimum extraction process was selected by orthogonal design, and the factors of concentration amount of ethanol and soaking time were investigated. Total flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometer to compare the effect of extraction.

RESULTThe optimum extraction process was that added 8 times 60% ethanol and then impregnated for 48 h.

CONCLUSIONThe technology is stable and feasible, it's suitable for industrial production.

Anacardiaceae ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Based on the idea of plant metabolomics, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to compare the chemical composition between 6 batches of fruit vinegar brewed from Choerospondias axillaris fruit peel and 6 batches of apple vinegar purchased from 3 companies. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were also tested in vitro. A total of 43 compounds were identified by reference substance, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) fragmentation information or literature data. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the C. axillaris fruit peel vinegar. A total of 16 compounds were identified in apple vinegar. There were 13 common ingredients including organic acids and esters such as citric acid, 2-isopropyl malic acid, and triethyl citrate. The results of partial leastsquares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) indicated that they had 33 significantly different compounds such as proanthocyanidin oligomer, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and heptadecanoic acid. The proanthocyanidins and flavonoid glycosides in C. axillaris peel vinegar were more abundant than apple vinegar, so it had better health function than ordinary fruit vinegar. The results showed that C. axillaris fruit peel vinegar had stronger antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities in vitro. The vinegar brewed from waste C. axillaris fruit peel had more chemical ingredients than the apple vinegar. C. axillaris fruit peel vinegar had better biological activity and health function, so it had good development prospect. This study provided the scientific evidence for exploiting the C. axillaris fruit peel into high value-added products. It also provided ideas for the comprehensive development and utilization of similar Chinese medicine waste.
Acetic Acid/pharmacology* ; Anacardiaceae/chemistry* ; Antioxidants ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fruit/chemistry* ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Malus/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; alpha-Glucosidases

OBJECTIVETo compare the actions of the three flavone ingredients in choerospondias axillaris on arrhythmias Induced by aconitine.

METHODLangendorff perfuse was applied in the experiment, the antiarrhythmic action was to study by using aconitine on the the isolated heart; The antiarrhythmic action of the three flavone ingredients in choerospondias axillaris was to study by using i.v. aconitine in rat to induce arrhythmias.

RESULTCompared with the NS group, sample 1 and sample 2 both significantly prolonged the beginning time of VF of isolated heart and increased the dosage of aconitine, sample 3 reduced the beginning time of VF of isolated heart and decreased the dosage of aconitine, sample 1 and sample 2 both greatly prolonged the beginning time of VE, VT, VF, HA; sample 3 greatly reduced the beginning time of VT,VF. The actions of the three samples were in a concentration-dependent way.

CONCLUSIONSample 1 and sample 2 both resisted the occurrence of arrhythmias induced by aconitine, sample 3 markedly promoted the occurrence of arrhythmias induced by aconitine.

Aconitine ; Anacardiaceae ; chemistry ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Flavones ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

This study aims to investigate the effect of total flavones of Fructus Chorspondiatis (TFFC) on the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type I and III of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), and explore its anti-myocardial fibrosis molecular mechanism. Neonatal rat CFs were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats (1-3 d after birth). The expression of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The study showed that stimulation of neonatal rat CFs with 100 nmol.L-1 of Ang II for 72 h resulted in a significant increase of the expression of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein. The changes on the expression level were blocked by TFFC. The results demonstrated that TFFC can inhibit myocardial fibrosis induced by Ang II in rats, which is probably associated with the collagen type I and III mRNA and protein levels up-regulated by Ang II, and TFFC was shown to decrease the expression levels of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein.
Anacardiaceae ; chemistry ; Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Flavones ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Myocardium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley