BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrointestinal adverse effects have a major impact on health and quality of life in analgesics users. Non-invasive methods to study gastrointestinal motility are of high interest. Fluoroscopy has been previously used to study gastrointestinal motility in small experimental animals, but they were generally anesthetized and anesthesia itself may alter motility. In this study, our aim is to determine, in conscious rats, the effect of increasing doses of 2 opioid (morphine and loperamide) and 1 cannabinoid (WIN 55,212-2) agonists on colonic motility using fluoroscopic recordings and spatio-temporal maps. METHODS: Male Wistar rats received barium sulfate intragastrically, 20–22 hours before fluoroscopy, so that stained fecal pellets could be seen at the time of recording. Animals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine, loperamide, or WIN 55,212-2 (at 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or their corresponding vehicles (saline, Cremophor, and Tocrisolve, respectively), 30 minutes before fluoroscopy. Rats were conscious and placed within movement-restrainers for the length of fluoroscopic recordings (120 seconds). Spatio-temporal maps were built, and different parameters were analyzed from the fluoroscopic recordings in a blinded fashion to evaluate colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets. RESULTS: The analgesic drugs inhibited propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroscopy allows studying colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in conscious rats. Our method may be applied to the noninvasive study of the effect of different drug treatments and pathologies.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Barium Sulfate ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ; Cannabinoids ; Colon ; Fluoroscopy ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Loperamide ; Male ; Methods ; Morphine ; Pathology ; Quality of Life ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare syndrome characterized by a failure of the propulsion of intraluminal contents and recurrent symptoms of partial bowel obstruction in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Regional variations of the intestinal compromise have been described. Intestinal manometry can indicate the pathophysiology and prognosis. Our objective is to establish the demographic and clinical characteristics of group Chilean patients and analyze the motility of the small intestine and its prognostic value. METHODS: Patients with symptoms of intestinal pseudo-obstruction with dilated bowel loops were included, in all of whom a manometry of the small intestine was performed using perfused catheters. RESULTS: Of the 64 patients included, 51 women (average age 41.5 ± 17.6 years), 54 primary and 10 secondary CIPO were included. Dilatation of the small intestine was the only finding in 38 patients; in the remaining, the compromise was associated with other segments, primarily the colon. Forty-nine patients underwent 65 surgeries, mainly exploratory laparotomies and colectomies. Intestinal manometry was performed on all patients; 4 “patterns” were observed: neuropathic (n = 26), myopathic (n = 3), mixed (n = 24), and a group without motor activity (n = 11). The most relevant findings were the complex migrating motor disorders and decreased frequency and propagation of contractions. The 9 patients who died had a severe myopathic compromise. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, isolated small bowel compromise was the most common disorder. Neuropathic motor compromise was observed in most of the patients. Mortality was associated with severe myopathic compromise.
Catheters ; Colectomy ; Colon ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction* ; Intestine, Small ; Laparotomy ; Manometry ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Motor Disorders ; Prognosis

Purpose: Association between variants rs1047972 and rs8173 of the AURKA gene in healthy women and breast cancer (BC) in a Mexican population. Methods: Genomic DNA samples from 409 healthy women and 572 patients with BC were analyzed for variants rs1047972 and rs8173 of the AURKA gene by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: TT genotype (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–5.11; p = 0.0015) and the T allele (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.23–2.12; p = 0.0007) of the rs1047972 variant were associated as risk susceptibility for BC relative to the control group. Contrarily, the GG genotype (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43–0.94; p = 0.029) was associated as a protective factor of susceptibility of BC of the variant rs8173 of the AURKA gene. Differences were observed in the patients with BC who were carriers of the CT genotype of the rs1047972 variant with overweight, obesity, estrogen receptor-positive plus obesity, Ki-67 (≥ 20%) plus history familial positive of cancer; and for variant rs8173 the BC patients who were CG carriers and presented chemotherapy gastric toxicity, hormonal receptor positive plus chemotherapy gastric toxicity, and menopause status plus chemotherapy gastric toxicity (p < 0.05). Two common haplotypes were identified in the study groups: CG and TC genotypes, were associated as a protective and risk factor, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion Variants rs1047972 and rs8173 of the AURKA gene and the TC haplotype were associated as risk susceptibility factors for BC in this population.

Background: and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, proximal vertebrobasilar occlusion, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio >3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). Results:  Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). Conclusions  Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.

Background: and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, proximal vertebrobasilar occlusion, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio >3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). Results:  Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). Conclusions  Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.

OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity, to determine the anti-inflammatory effect due to lipoxygenase inhibition and to test the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts from leaves of seven climbing species belonging to the Bignoniaceae family. These species are Adenocalymma marginatum (Cham.) DC., Amphilophium vauthieri DC., Cuspidaria convoluta (Vell.) A. H. Gentry, Dolichandra dentata (K. Schum.) L. G. Lohmann, Fridericia caudigera (S. Moore) L. G. Lohmann, Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann and Tanaecium selloi (Spreng.) L. G. Lohmann.

METHODSThe antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Lipoxygenase-inhibiting activity was assayed spectrophotometrically; the result was expressed as percent inhibition. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar disk diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration were also determined for each extract against 12 pathogenic bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and seven fungal strains of the Candida genus. The identification of the major compounds present in the most promising extract was established by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTSC. convoluta, F. caudigera, and F. chica exhibited the best antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals and reducing Fe ion. These extracts showed a notable inhibition of lipoxygenase. F. caudigera was found to have the lower MIC value against S. aureus strains and six Candida species. The extracts of F. caudigera and C. convoluta were active even against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. C. convoluta had higher total phenol content, better antioxidant activity and superior anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The main phenolic compounds found in this extract were coumaric and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and glycosylated and nonglycosylated flavones.

CONCLUSIONMost of the extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as well as in vitro inhibition of lipoxygenase. The excellent antimicrobial activity of T. selloi and F. chica supports their use in traditional medicine as antiseptic agents. The extracts of F. caudigera and C. convoluta, both with notable biological activities in this study, could be used as herbal remedies for skin care. In addition, this study provides, for the first time, information about phenolic compounds present in C. convoluta.

Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Candida ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Humans ; Lipoxygenase ; chemistry ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Traditional ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; growth & development