OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation in management of nosocomial infections in hospitals,and provide rational preventive measures in order to improve the medical care quality.METHODS An observatory study was conducted and reasonable suggestions were preferred referring to foreign nosocomial infections modes.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in administration of nosocomial infections.Most alarming problems were shortages of rules and regulations,and deficiency of infection propaganda and administration coordination.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening management of nosocomial infections is one of the key issues for improvement of the medical care quality and should be paid special attention.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hiccup ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration

Objective To study the CT manifestations of thyroiditis. Methods CT findings on plain and contrast enhanced thin-slice CT scan of 36 cases with thyroiditis proved by surgery (34/36) or fine needle biopsy (2/36) were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 28 cases of Hashimotos’ thyroiditis.The characteristic signs were seen in 68% cases (19/28).Plain CT scan showed diffuse and symmetrical enlargement of bilateral leaves and isthmus whith greately reduced density which was homgeneous or slightly heterogeneous,no calcification or lower density nodule was seen,conrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated uniform enhancement which was more dense than adjacent muscles, the thyroid outline could be clearly defined and no lymphadenopathy was found. Symmetrical enlargement of bilateral leaves and isthmus with uneven density and multiple hyperdens nodules were presented in 1 case. 5 cases of Hashimotos’ thyroiditis associated with multinodular goiters revealed asymmetrical thyroid enlargement and uneven density on plain and conrast enhanced CT images. In 3 cases the thyroid gland was normal in size and shape,except for the reduced ,uneven density. Of these 3 cases,1 showed the enlargement of left lobe with a calcified nodule. There were 8 cases of subacute thyroiditis,the thyroids were asymmetrical enlargement ,strongly decreased in density with obscure margin and slight to intermediate enhancement.Conclusion CT is a very important modality for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various thyroidities.

Primary Hepatic Carcinoma(PHC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Nowadays,its incidence and mortality have been still increasing.With regard to the early treatment for PHC,the combined therapy,primarily referred to operation,is considered optimal.For recent decades,with the quick development of ultrasonic therapeutics,High Intensity Focused Ultrasound(HIFU)techniques,which rose newly,has already become a kind of effective and noninvasive substitution therapy for PHC operation therapy as a kind of noninvasive tumor therapy.Now,this literature review aims to summarize the found re- search and clinical research of HIFU therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans

Altitude ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Mice ; Weight Loss

Objective To comprehend the action mechanism of simvastatin in pulmonary hypertension(PH)when it induced by high pulmonary blood flow.Methods Abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunting was made in rats to establish animal model of PH induced by high pulmonary blood flow,simvastatin with dose of 2 mg/(kg?d)was used to interfere for 11 weeks.And then,pulmonary arterial pressure,apoptosis rate and proliferation rate of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell were determined.Results were compared with other groups.Results Simvastatin could cut down the pulmonary arterial pressure well,pulmonary arterial pressures of simvastatin group rats were lower than those of spliting groups obviously(Pa

To clarify the effects of zinc on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelia (RPE) and the expression of caspase-3 in RPE cells. The effect of Zinc on the proliferation of RPE were examined with MTT method. TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis of RPE cells. Caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. A concentration of zinc higher than 0.001 microM could inhibit the proliferation of RPE. And the relationship between concentration of zinc higher than 10 microM and growth prohibition rate of RPE cells was dose-dependent. All concentrations of zinc including 0.001 microM enhanced the expression of caspase-3 of RPE. But only the concentration of zinc higher than 0.01 microM could induce apoptosis of RPE. It is concluded that zinc could enhance the expression of caspase-3 of RPE cells and induce apoptosis of RPE cells. Caution should be taken when using zinc supplements for the treatment of ARMD patients without deficiency of zinc.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*cytology ; Zinc/*pharmacology

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nephrectomy ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Wilms Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology

Adolescent ; Chronic Disease ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Syndrome