Well-differentiated primary human airway epithelial cell culture (HAE), an organotypic human airway culture system, has been increasingly used as a linkage between researches conducted on animal models and humans.In this review, we focus on progress in technological development and its application in virology.The following aspects are covered in this review: (1)Structure and function of the normal airway, (2)Role of respiratory epithelial cells in pulmonary innate immunity, (3)Development of primary human airway epithelial cell cultures, (4)Application of primary human airway epithelial cell cultures in virology.

Objective To explore the clinical effect and application value of early acupressure combined with hot belly(hot compress on abdomen)to promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after abdominal surgery. Methods A prospective random controlled study was conducted from January 2012 to October 2012,200 hospitalized patients having undergone abdominal surgery were randomly divided into a control group(100 cases)and an observation group(100 cases). Traditional nursing method was applied to take care of the abdominal postoperative patients in the control group,that was at post-operative 6 hours the patient may begin to turn over in bed,once 2 hours,and on the post-operative 1 day,according to the patient's disease situation,he or she may be allowed to ambulate in the room without any other additional measures,waiting for the recovery of gastrointestinal function. In the observation group, beside the traditional nursing method used in the control group,additionally,acupressure and abdominal fomentation was applied twice a day for 4 days. The postoperative bowel sound recovery time,the anus spontaneous exhaust time, the incidences of abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction were observed. Results In the observation group, the gurgling sound recovery time and anus spontaneous exhaust time were significantly shorter than those in the control group〔gurgling sound recovery time(hour):17.77±2.67 vs. 18.87±3.18,anus spontaneous exhaust time(hour):28.27±6.30 vs. 30.85±6.74,both P<0.01〕;the incidences of postoperative abdominal distention and intestinal obstruction were obviously lower than those in the control group(bloating:9.0%vs. 23.0%,intestinal obstruction:1.0% vs. 9.0%,both P<0.01). Conclusion Early application of acupressure combined with hot belly for abdominal postoperative patients can significantly promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,that is beneficial to the reduction of the incidences of complications.

The energy metabolism of septic patients is serious disorder.The major manifestation is protein degradation,the enhancement of glyconeogenesis and the adipose lipid mobilization.This may be link to abnormal ways of inflammatory media,the hormone secretion and ubiquitin-proteasome caused by sepsis.The discussion on high metabolic mechanism of sepsis,has great significance for guiding clinical practice,promoting targeted interventions and treatment measures and improving the prognosis of patients.This article summarized the progress on hyper metabolism in sepsis.

Animals ; Autophagy ; Coronaviridae ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Coronaviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Replication

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among residents in Shuimogou district of Urumqi city and to compare the differences between the Uygur and Han Populations. Methods Adopting cluster sampling, a survey of diabetes mellitus was conducted in Shuimogou district in June, 2008. Data of total 2420 subjects aged over 18 years with complete data, including background information of each individual, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose and so on, were analyzed in this study. The criterion of the China Diabetes society (CDS) in 2004 was applied for diagnosis. Results The crude prevalence rates of MS were 12.85% in total, 14.91% in male and 7.39% in female, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates of MS were 9.93% in total, 13.58% in male and 6.11% in female. The prevalence rates of MS in male was higher than that in female (P0.05). The prevalence rates of components of MS were 43.31% for obesity, 30.08% for hypertension, 25.79% for hypertriglyceridemia and 16.28 % for hyperglycosemia. Among the four factors above, there were about 65% subjects who had at lest one abnormal factor according to the CDS criterion. Conclusion There were no differences in the prevalence rates of MS between the Uygur and Han populations. However, the prevalence rate of MS in male was higher than that in female. More than half subjects had at least one abnormal metabolic factor.

D-D4FC (?-D-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine),a new anti-HIV drug,is on its PhaseⅡ clinical trials in America,France and Germany. Our lab has synthesized D-D4FC successfully using N-deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus helveticto catalyzing the ribose transfer from D4T (?-D-2′,3′-unsaturated thymidine) to 5-FC (5-fluorocytidine).The yield of D-D4FC reached 25%.We discovered the reaction could also be done by using intact cells.The yield could increase to 50% in 12.5 hours and more convenient to industrial continuous process.In this paper,the conditions including pH,buffer,substrates concentration,cells amount,reaction time and a possible catalytic mechanism were studied and discussed.

Objective To verify that natural zeolites can be used in treatment of fluoride in groundwater in the east-southern of Shanxi Province. Methods Determination of the fluoride by lime-paper sampling and fluorine ion-selective electrode analysis(reference to GB/T 7484-1987). In the paper the best activation process and the appropriate application were discussed, and then the activated zeolite should be used in experimental and real application, in which the effect of zeolite on water quality were assured. The used zeolite could be regenerated and reused. Results The best activation process before use was orderly treated by 5.0 mol/L HCl for 5 hours, then 0.3 mol/L KAl(SO4)2 10 hours,and finally 300 ℃ in furnace for 4 hours. 5 g activated zeolite in 100 ml water(solid∶liquid =1∶20). The static analysis insisted that activated zeolite had a significant adsorption for fluorine. The dynamic analysis verified that the fluoride level could reach the standard after 40 min of treatment. Regenerated with 2.0% KAl(SO4)2,the effect of removing fluoride was 45.0%. Conclusion The experiments testified that the processed natural zeolite can used in water treatment of high fluoride groundwater.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; surgery ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To observe the expression of fractalkine (FKN or CX3CL1) in serum and lung tissue in early phases after paraquat (PQ) poisoning in rats,and to analyze the effect of FKN on acute lung injury induced by PQ.Methods A total of 66 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,namely PQ group (n =36) and control group (n =30).Through intra-peritoneal route,PQ (22 mg/kg) was administered to PQ group,and an equal volume of normal saline to control group instead.Rats were separately sacrificed at 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h after poisoning.Lung coefficient was determined.The levels of FKN in serum and lung tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Lung pathological changes were observed by HE staining.FKN changes were investigated by immunohistochemistry staining.Data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results From 6 h to 120 h after poisoning,parameter determined in PQ group had great changes,compared with the control group.At 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h,lung coefficients in PQ group were 5.03 ±0.07,5.17 ±0.10,5.46 ±0.10,5.68 ±0.15 and 5.83 ±0.11,respectively,which were significantly higher than those (4.49 ± 0.20,4.28 ± 0.13,4.45 ± 0.17,4.31 ±0.19 and 4.31 ±0.16) in control group (P＜0.01).Levels of FKN (pg/mL) in serum were 140.9 ± 15.8,157.9 ± 17.6,188.8 ± 24.8,224.4 ± 18.1 and 229.9 ± 10.0,respectively,significantly higher than those (121.7 ± 12.8,121.6 ± 12.1,118.3 ± 14.0,122.8 ± 12.4 and 120.5 ± 8.8) in control group (6 h P ＜0.05,others P ＜0.01).Levels of FKN (pg/mL) in lung tissue homogenate were 4 222.0 ± 641.1,5 021.0 ± 514.5,5 911.6 ± 478.1,7 092.2 ± 652.9 and 7 639.3 ± 666.6,respectively,significantly higher than those (2 860.2 ± 477.3,3 068.9 ± 446.0,3 168.7 ± 728.5,3 178.0 ±488.2 and 3 147.3 ±426.6) in control group (P ＜0.01).In PQ group,pathological changes manifested themselves in inflammatory cell infiltration,congestion,edema,structural damage,etc.The lung injury aggravated gradually from 6 h to 120 h.In control group,there was no significant change.FKN expressed mainly in bronchial cells,alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary artery endothelial cells.Where there was higher expression of FKN,there were more inflammatory cells infiltrated.The level of FKN in lung tissue homogenate was positively correlated with lung coefficient (r =0.937).The level of FKN in serum was positively related to that in lung tissue homogenate (r =0.968).Conclusion There is correlation between FKN and acute lung injury induced by PQ in rats.

The hierarchical medical system is to match and balance the medical service demand and supply. This article probed into main problems encountered in introducing such a system, discussed the mechanism of action for the system which was based on diseases, and proposed the driver model for a disease-based hierarchical medical system.