Objective To explore the pathologic changes of the opening blood-brain barrier(BBB) in the early stages of 50% TBSA scalded rabbits.Methods Ten male rabbits inflicted with 50% TBSA of Ⅲ degree were randomized into five groups: control,postburn 1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h.Brain tissues were isolated at different phases and observed in gross,by microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results Endothelial cells swelled and BBB began to open in 2 h after scald.The tight junction of endothelial cells became vague and the opening of BBB increased as lesion time prolonged.Conclusion As the lesion time prolonged,the injury of endothelial cells became more serious and the opening of BBB progressed,which resulted in the formation of brain edema.

To investigate the features of CT, ultrasonography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of morning glory syndrome, the data on CT, A/B-scan ultrasonography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were retrospectively analyzed in 8 cases of morning glory syndrome (MGS). Among those cases, 6 were examined with CT, 4 with FFA and 8 with A/B-scan ultrasonography. Results showed that the characteristics of CT, A/B-scan ultrasonography and FFA in MGS included: (1) The attachment spot of optic nerve became thin and vitreous body protruded to the posterior wall of eyeball with a spherical shape on CT image; (2) in the early period of FFA, hypofluorescence appeared on the optic, the abnormal arteriae and veins around the optic papilla were displayed clearly and in the late period, optic disc was stained with fluorescein; (3) on B-scan ultrasonogram, the vitreous cavity extended to the posterior pole and optic papilla, and projected to the basal part of muscle cones and thus the posterior part of vitreous cavity looked like an upside-down bottleneck. Sometimes the echogenic band of retinal detachment could also be seen. On A-scan ultrasonogram, both vitreous cavity and bottleneck showed no ultrasonic echoes and presented a base line without any evident wave crest. It is concluded that CT, A /B-scan ultrasonography and FFA could show the imageological features of MGS from different aspects, which helps clinicians to differentiate it from other diseases such as optic disc coloboma. CT and A /B-scan ultrasonography, in particular, are considered to be reliable imageological methods for the accurate diagnosis of MGS and are superior to the traditional techniques.

In recent years, there is increasing evidence that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) may involve the more generation of reactive oxygen species, and investigations on patients have shown that PD is under a status of oxidative stress. The defense against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species is an essential task within the brain. An important component of the cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species is the antioxidant glutathione. Consequently, it seems reasonable to propose that increase of brain concentrations of glutathione including glutathione analogs or precursors could be very effective in diminishing the cumulative effects of oxidative damage, and have been investigated as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment and prevention of PD or other neurodegenerative disease.

When a series of omics technologies such as genomics, epigenomics and proteomics are proposed, the concept of metabolomics occurs. Metabolomics is a top-down system biology approach, which analyzes endogenous metabolites by using high throughput, high resolution and high sensitivity based on metabolic analysis platform. By identifying characteristic biomarkers and analyzing the biomarkers of metabolic pathway, it will provide a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, it is more and more widely used in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. In this paper, the application of metabolome analysis in respiratory disease of recent years has been briefly reviewed.

Objective:To study the effects of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in vitro on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to liver cells.Methods:MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation,and expanded by adherent culture.MSCs were cultured under liver-stimulating condition,and different composition of serum was added to the induced medium:Group A:5% fetal bovine serum(FBS);Group B:2.5% FBS+2.5% HBV-containing serum;Group C:2.5% FBS+2.5% serum from healthy volunteers;Group D:the undifferentiated MSCs cultured in LG-DMEM+10% FBS.The expressions of a variety of hepatic lineage markers were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence.The functionality of differentiated cells was assessed by their ablility to store glycogen.After 2 weeks of exposure to HBV infected serum,HBV-specific protein was also detected by immunocytochemistry.Results:As a result of our hepatic induction,the expressions of albumin(ALB)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)by MSCs were observed by immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence techniques.Moreover,MSCs had acquired the ability of glycogen storage which was characteristic of liver cells.Compared with the control group,the proliferation of MSCs was inhibited greatly by the virus-containing serum.After 2 weeks of exposure to HBV infected serum,the surface antigen(HBsAg)was detected in some induced MSCs.However,after immunocytochemical stain for ALB and AFP,there was not much difference between the Group B and C.The ability of glycogen storage of two groups were almost the same.Using confocal microscopy,we found the co-expressions of ALB and HBsAg in the same differentiated cells.Conclusion:The bone marrow MSCs have the ability to trans-differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells,hence may serve as a cell source for tissue engineering and cell therapy of hepatic diseases.HBV infected serum could inhibit the proliferation of MSCs in culture,but it seemed that the hepatic differentiation of the cell was unsuppressed.

Recently, stem cell like side population (SP) cells have been found in many normal organizations and malig?nant tumors, which have the proficiency of differentiation and self-renewal. These cells play an important role in cancer stem cell research, though they occupy a low proportion in total cells. Here, we reviewed the foundation of SP cells, and their rela?tionship with stem cells, and the clinical application in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of treating periarthritis of shoulder with manipulation through evaluating clinical reports with the theory of evidence-based medicine (EMB). METHODS: By retrieval of some main medical literature databases in the past 5 years, 242 articles on treating periarthritis of shoulder with manipulation were available. Selected by admission standard, 10 of them were evaluated with EBM theory. RESULTS: Both single-application and union-application of manipulation were effective to periarthritis of shoulder, but the evaluated articles were all low-quality articles. CONCLUSION: Because of low quality clinic test and larvaceous publication bias, the extant evidence is not enough to recommend replacing other therapeutic methods by manipulation. The low quality of evaluated articles suggests that there exist some methodology problems in the clinic test on treating periarthritis of shoulder with manipulation.

Objective To investigate the role of temporary placement of fully covered self-expandable metal stent (cSEMS) for treatment of uncontrolled bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST).Methods From January 2000 to present,a total of 3460 cases of EST were performed,and bleeding after the procedure was complicated in 29 (0.84％) of them,in which 4 could not to be stopped by conventional managements.Covered SEMSs were placed across the major papilla in these 4 patients.Results The stents were successfully placed and hemostasis was achieved in all patients.The stent was removed in 1 patient 1 week later,and spontaneous stent dislodgment occurred in 1 patient within 4 weeks.The other 2 patients rejected to remove the stents,and the patency maintained for more than 6 and 12 months respectively.No complication was observed in procedures of placing and removing stents.Conclusion Covered SEMS placement is a safe,effective and simple method for patients with uncontrolled bleeding after EST.

Aerobic glycolysis,which is also termed as Warburg effect,is one of the most common and profound biochemical phenotypes of tumor ceils.Several oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes have been implicated in aerobic glycolysis.MicroRNAs can control this metabolic switch by regulating oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes in a post-transcriptional way.A deeper understanding of the mechanisms and pathways by which miRNAs regulate the aerobic glycolysis will hopefully lead to a new therapeutic strategy for malignant cancer.