Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is a most common testicular malignancy with an increasing incidence, and its pathogenesis and mechanisms are not yet clear. The next generation sequencing has become the main tool to uncover the underlying mechanisms of TGCT. The differential gene expressions, gene mutation, predisposing gene-dominated signaling pathways, and changes of the relevant genes in the sex chromosome are largely involved in the occurrence and development of TGCT. Studies on the genomics of TGCT contribute a lot to identifying the pivotal pathogenic genes and paving a theoretical ground for the early screening and targeted therapy of TGCT. This paper summarizes the advances in the studies of the genomics of TGCT so as to reveal thetmechanisms of the disease at the genetic level.
Genomics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; genetics ; Testicular Neoplasms ; genetics

Objective To perform a spatial analysis of myocardium uhrastructure and the activity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in sub-acute Keshan disease. Methods Myocardium samples were collected from the cases with sub-acute Keshan disease and non-myocarditis(control), and their ultrastructure was observed under electron microscope. The density of mitochondrion volume and cristal membrane and its volume were measured by a point-counting method, while mitochondrion volume was estimated by water displacement method, succinate dehydrogenase activity of mitochondrion by iron-copper method in sub-acute Keshan disease and non-myocarditis cases. Results The volume ratio of mitochondrion to the cell on myoeardium [(47.79±6.20)%], the area ratio of mitochondrion to sarcoplasm [(55.06±6.50) %], mitochondrion to myofibrils [(1.43±0,41)%], mitochondrion section area[(0.78±0.15)μm2], and ratio of the lesion of cristal membrane area to the matrix area and mitochondrion volume[(67.14±13.96)%, (44.62±13.44)%]in sub-acute Keshan disease group were obviously higher than those in control [(33.20±7.62)%, (38.07±9.43)%, (0.71±0.33)%, (0.44±0.07)μm2, (14.11± 12.51)%, (9.34±11.28)%; t = 3.75,7.93,6.61,36.40,52.65,37.51, all P < 0.05]. The volume ratio of myofibrils to cell[(34.52±5.12)%]and the area ratio of cristae mitochondria to matrix[(32.43±14.42)%]in sub-acute Keshan disease group was obviously less than those in control [(48.51±4.30)%, (86.04±12.37)%; t = 9.85, 53.46, both P < 0.05)]. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was negative in sub-acute Keshan disease group. Conclusions Myocardium ultrastructure changes in sub-acute Keshan disease including the increase of volume and areas of mitochondria and the damage of the cristal membrane in mitochondria. Succinate dehydrogenase activity is decreased or even disappeared.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenovirus-medicated gene therpy with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)delivered into the subdermal space to treat compromised skin flap in the rat.Methods Thir- ty sprague-dawley rats weighing 350～400g were used in this study.The rats was randomly divided into three groups of ten rats each.A dorsal flap(8cm?2cm)in full thickness with the pedicale located at the leve of the iliaccrest was designed,each,animal received recipient bed subfascial injections of adenovirus encoding VEGF(Ad-VEGF)or green fluorescent protein(Ad-GFP)as treatment control.Another set of animals(n = 10)received NG was designated as control.The flap were elevated as originally designated and sutured back to its bed.The survival rate of the flap was evaluated on day seven after operation.Results The survival rates of the flap in Ad-VEGF group increased signifi- cantly as compared with those of the Ad-GFP group(P

AIM:To be one of the primary cause injury to multiple sites of ocular of glaucoma which affects over 70 million people worldwide. We applied data mining techniques, linear and the matrix operations, efficiently calculated the network and estimated the possible function of the“node” genes of the retina and optic of glaucoma, in order to provide new thought and method on the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
METHODS: The data in this study is from Gene Expression Omnibus ( GEO ) which belong to Nation Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) , the quality of the raw data CEL files was processed and analyzed by the Expression software which belong to Affymetrix Inc. , Santa Clare, CA, USA. Significant analysis method ( SAM) which base on the T test was used to identified the significant genes. Based on GRNInfer and Gvedit soft we set up gene networks of optic and retina of mice and further more enriched analysis which based on DAVID and MAS3. 0 online software were processed.
RESULTS:The analysis between the group of the optic nerve heads and retinas in different stage of glaucoma showed that the amount of significant different expressed genes in the optic never head group increased significantly comparing with the group of retina in the early stage of glaucoma, the analysis of the genes network construction show that:the node genes of optic nerve heads included Unc13c、Kif5a、TRPM1、PANX; and the node genes of retina include POU4F1, NEFL, BC03870, CALB2. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis which based on MAS3. 0 online platform show that there was mainly the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tyrosine metabolism, melanogenesis, Nitrogen metabolism, Gap junction, Leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in optic nerve head; and there was mainly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, prostate cancer, leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in retina.
CONCLUSION:By understanding bioinformatics result, it seems optic were more sensitive than the retina to high intraocular pressure, and weather high expression of TYrp1 gene can be as a sensitive diagnostic item require more evidence back up. Functional enrich analysis of node gene showed that cytoskeleton reconstructed, molecular motor and nutrients transport function improve in optic; and in retina, the most prominent finding in retina was enrichment function modules were focus on regeneration, repairing and differentiation of cells, which remind that we should reinforce research on reparation of retina of primary glaucoma. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis show that inflammatory response plays prominent place in optic and retina of primary glaucoma, because of the optic narrow and crowed anatomic shape, nutrient metabolism and substances transfer enrichment modules play an important role in optics of primary glaucoma.

Objective:To study influence of furosemide combined Xinmailong injection on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)and blood lactate level in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF),and explore its therapeutic effect.Methods:Clinical data of 95 CHF patients treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,including 48 cases using furosemide therapy (furosemide group),and 47 cases using furosemide combined Xinmailong injection (combined treatment group),both groups were treated for 15d.Therapeutic effect,LVEF, blood lactate and CA125 levels after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:Total effective rate of combined treat-ment group was significantly higher than that of furosemide group (87.23% vs.64.58%),P =0.01;compared with furosemide group after treatment,there were significant rise in LVEF [(49.6±3.6)% vs.(54.5±3.9)%],6min walking distance [(274.4±38.9)m vs.(359.5 ± 56.4)m]and maximum metabolic equivalent [(32.4 ±3.9 ) METs vs.(39.8±3.6)METs],and significant reductions in levels of blood lactate [(1.2±0.5)mmol/L vs.(0.7 ±0.3)mmol/L],CA125 [(55.6±6.9)IU/ml vs.(42.3±5.8)IU/ml],N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide [(2345.4±338.6)pg/ml vs.(1689.6±226.9)pg/ml]and serum uric acid [(402.4±43.9)mol/L vs.(359.8± 53.7)mol/L]in combined treatment group,P = 0.001 all.No severe adverse reactions occurred in two groups. Conclusion:Furosemide combined Xinmailong injection can significantly improve LVEF,reduce blood lactate level and improve heart function in CHF patients,and it′s safe and effective,which is worth extending in clinic.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition level of the vulnerable population in the high risk region of iodine deficiency disorders for providing a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures in Qinghai province. Methods The non-iodized salt coverage rate ＞ 5％ of Delingha city, the coverage rate of iodized salt and the rate of qualified iodized salt ≤80％ of Jiuzhi, Wulan, Nangqian, Zaduo, Geermu,Yushu, Gande, Chengduo, and Dulan counties(cities), the median of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L of Huangyuan county of 11 areas were chosen as monitoring area in 2009. Five townships(towns) were selected by their location of east, west, south, north and center in each county (city), and one school was selected in each township (town),and 60 household salt samples were collected in each school, and quantitatively determined by direct titration of iodine(GB/T 13025.7-1999). Three townships(towns) were selected in each county(city), and two schools were selected in each township(town). The content of urinary iodine of 40 children aged 8 - 10 and 20 women of childbearing age aged 18 - 40 was analyzed by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006). ResultsThree thousand two hundred and sixty-one edible salt samples were tested. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 79.88％.The iodized salt qualification rate was 95.16％. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 76.02％. The noniodized salt coverage rate was 20.12％. In Nangqian, Zaduo, Yushu and Geermu counties(cities), the non-iodized salt coverage rate was 88.89％, 45.05％, 43.00％ and 12.67％, respectively. The median of urine iodine of 2536 children aged 8 - 10 was 155.8 μg/L, with ≤50 μg/L about 13.6％ (346/2536), ＞ 100 μg/L about 67.5％(1711/2536), and it was 75.1, 94.6 μg/L in Nangqian and Zaduo counties, respectively. The median of urine iodine of 665 women of childbearing age was 129.7 μg/L, with ≤50 μg/L about 22.7％(151/665), ＞ 100 μg/L about 59.2％(394/665), and it was 21.0, 54.7, 72.7 μg/L in Zaduo, Nangqian and Chengduo counties, respectively.Conclusions Insufficient intake of iodine exits in children and women of childbearing age in high risk region of iodine deficiency disorders in Qinghai province, which should be corrected as soon as possible.

70 bpm during scan),the proportion of segments that could not be assessed because of motion artifact were 0.1%(1/759),1.1%(7/649),2.5% (10/407),42.6%(103/242),and 75.5%(108/143),respectively.With conventional selective coronary angiography as the golden standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative prediction values to detect≥50% stenotic lesions in the assessable segments were 79.2%,96.0%,83.8%,and 94.6%,respectively.There was a significant correlation between the number of segments per patient not assessable because of motion artifact and heart rate during the scan(r=0.655,P=0.000).Conclusion MSCT is capable of achieving high accuracy for detection of coronary artery stenosis,and is a reliable technique to diagnose coronary artery disease.

Utilizing the enrichment substrate,an aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain with the capability of phosphorus removal was screened from the activated sludge which had been domesticated by actual living sewage.By the morphological observing and identification of the physiological and biochemical indexes,the strain was identified to belong to Pseudomonas.The aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain was applied to deal with the simulated and actual living wastewater.By inspecting the changes of total nitrogen,inorganic phosphorus and CODcr in the wastewater,it was ascertained that the optimal wastewater treatment condi-tions of the bacterial strain were C/N= 3,inoculated ratio= 10%,pH 6.8,30?C,treatment time= 2 d.After the activated sludge was strengthened by the aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain,its treatment capability for ac-tual living sewage was improved,evidently.

OBJECTIVETo see the change of capillary of heart in Athlete's Heart, so that to discover the mechanism of pathologic change.

METHOD18 male SD rats were separated randomly into control group (without any exercise), aerobic exercise group (swimming for 75 min every day), and overload group (swimming for 180 min with 5% weight of its body every day). After 5 days per week, 12 weeks, exercise training stopped and heart of rats were observed under Transmission Electron Microscope.

RESULTSIn aerobic exercise group, the capillary cavities in heart expand, the walls of capillary become thick; the number of mitochondrion increases; endothelium cells become active in growth. However, after overload exercise, the walls of capillary cockle and protuberances appear. The mitochondrion swell and the cristae become disorder. Most of endosomes expand and their number increases. The karyons become abnormity in shape and uniformity in electronic density, besides the nuclear envelope cockle. The basilar membranes become thick and unclear.

CONCLUSIONAfter exercise training, both physical and pathologic changes in heart capillary are found. In suitable exercises group, the capillaries change physically; the pathologic changes are becoming visible after overload exercise however.

Animals ; Capillaries ; ultrastructure ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; adverse effects ; Physical Endurance ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sports

Objective To master iodine nutritional status of people after universal salt iodization in Xining that reached the stage goal of elimination iodine deficiency disorders. Methods In the 7 counties investigated of Xining in 2009, 5 towns were randomly selected in each county, and one school was randomly selected in each town, 80 children aged 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school, and goiter were examined, urinary iodine and salt iodine were tested. Thyroid gland goiter of children was detected by thyroid palpation, children's urinary iodine was tested by As( Ⅲ )-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry, and salt iodine was tested by direct titration. Results A total of 2919 children aged 8 to 10 were examined, 31 goiter was detected, goiter rate was 1.06%(31/2919).One thousand and seventy-eight urine samples were detected, urinary iodine median was 205.3 μg/L, that lower than 20 μg/L accounted for 1.9% (20/1078), lower than 50 μg/L accounted for 4.5%(48/1078). Two thousand and seventy-nine salt samples were detected, median of salt iodine was 32.80 mg/kg, the rate of non-iodized salt was 0.87%(18/2079), the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.13%(2061/2079), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.64% (2033/2061), the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.79% (2033/2079). Conclusions Prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders has achieved remarkable results in Xining city, all indicators have reached the national standard to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.