OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients.METHODS A total of 1739 strains of bacteria isolated from sputum and lower respiration secretion culture of the elderly patients were identified and their drug resistance was tested by K-B method.RESULTS From 1739 strains of pathogens isolated,Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 63.8%.The main Gram-negative bacilli were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Gram-positive cocci accounted for 22.9% and Candida albicans accounted for 13.3%,respectively.The resistance rates of Gram-negative bailli to imipenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam and amikacine were relatively low.And all Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection is serious.It is important to mornitor the antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To study the effects of new triple therapy with clarithromycin plus amoxicillin and omeperazole combined into 3 therapeutic therapies, and 3 therapeutic courses to treat children with helicobacter pyloric(Hp) infection.Methods Two hundred and four patients who were diagnosed by gastroscopy as Hp-related gastroentestinal diseases and divided into 3 groups,randomly.Group A was treated with amoxicillin 50 mg/(kg?d)+bismuth citrate 7-8 mg/(kg?d)+metronidzole 15-20 mg/(kg?d) for six weeks;group B took the same drugs but for two weeks;group C was treated with clarithromycin 15 mg/(kg?d)+omeperazole 0.8 mg/(kg?d)+amoxicillin 50 mg/(kg?d) for 2 weeks.Results The rates of eradicate of Hp:group A 73.4%,group B 75%,group C 92%.The differences between group B and group C were very significant.Conclusion Triple therapy is more effective, less duration,well tolerated, less resistant,with higher rate of eradication.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ningbo No.2 Hospital by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) and amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP).METHODS The sensitivity of 13 kinds antibacterials were analyzed according to American National Committee for Clinical Labotatory 2004′s Standard.The genotypes were analyzed by PFGE and AFLP.The relationship was analyzed with cluster analysis methods.RESULTS Twenty seven strains of A.baumannii were divided into two groups by AFLP method or into four groups by PFGE method.Cluster analysis showed the concordance.CONCLUSIONS Amplified fragment length polymorphism has more clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the existence state of drug-resistant gene,integron and Tn21/Tn501 transposon and the relationship of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ningbo No.2 Hospital by genetic mark.METHODS Twenty seven strains of A.baumannii were clinically isolated.Drug-resistant gene,integron,and Tn21/Tn501 transposon were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The relationship was analyzed with cluster analysis methods.RESULTS The positive rates of blaTEM,blaOXA-23 cluster,blaADC,aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,qacE△1-sulⅠ,and intⅠ1 were 81.5%,44.4%,85.2%,85.2%,66.7%,81.5%,85.2%,and 85.2%,respectively.The others were negative.The result of multi-gene cluster analysis showed that the clone transmission existed.CONCLUSIONS The clone transmission of A.baumannii exists in Ningbo No.2 Hospital.The outbreak of A.baumannii may be possible because there are more than 3 clone transmission strains.

Objective The study analyse the multi-drug resistance and epidemiological investigation in Acinetobacter baumannii.Methodes Using,multi-drug resistance gene test,three-dimension test,membranes active efflux test studied multi-drug resistance and epidemiological investigation.The genetype were analyzed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP).The strains' homology were researched by multi-gene cluster analysis methods.Results Cluster analysis show that the result of drugsensitive test,multi-drug resistance gene test and AFLP are accordant.The study find at least 3 clones by multi-gene cluster analysis methods.AFLP show that all of the multi-drug-resistance of A.baumannii evolutes from a clone.Conclusions The study combined with clinical practice find that ICU in Ningbo No.2 Hospital now is the core of the arises,evolution,transmission of A.baumannii.Strengthening management of ICU is very important to pretect the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVE To compare the three methods on relatedness analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii strains in hospital infection.METHODS Twenty-seven A.baumannii strains caused hospital infection were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE),amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) and multiple gene cluster analysis.RESULTS PFGE analysis showed 19 strains isolated from clinic were with identical clone;AFLP analysis showed 19 strains isolated from clinic were with identical clone;but multiple gene cluster analysis showed 3 clones including 11 strains carried with 8 positive genes(TEM,OXA-23group,ADC,aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,qacE△1-sul1 and intⅠ1),6 strains with 7 positive genes(TEM,ADC,aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,qacE△1-sul1 and intⅠ1) and 4 strains with 6 positive genes(TEM,ADC,aac(3)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,qacE△1-sul1 and intⅠ1).CONCLUSIONS The resolving ability of multiple gene cluster analysis is higher than that of PFGE and AFLP in relatedness analysis of A.baumannii strains from hospital infection.

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

BACKGROUND:Non-heart beating donors have become the most promising source of donor in recent years. Tofurther improve donor preservation solution, on the basis of conventional storage solution hypertonic citrate adenine solution, artificial cordyceps was added to prepare artificial cordyceps compound solution. It is hoped to reduce donor injury and to elevate donor quality by antioxidation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preservation effect of artificial cordyceps compound solution on isolated renal from non-heart-beating rats. METHODS: Medulas of 39 Sprague-Dawley rats were injured. Withoutin vitro respiratory and circulatory supports, non-heart-beating models were established and randomly divided into three groups: artificial cordyceps compound group (n=15), hypertonic citrate adenine solution group (n=15) and physiological saline group (n=9). The kidneys of rats in different groups were stored in artificial cordyceps compound solution, hypertonic citrate adenine solution and physiological saline at 4℃. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the hypertonic citrate adenine solution group, after 6 and 12 hours of preservation, morphological injury was mild, apoptotic index, malondialdehyde, Bax and Caspase-3 expression levels decreased, superoxide dismutase activity and Bcl-2 expression increased; after 24 hours, the degree of injury was similar, malondialdehyde content decreased, and superoxide dismutase activity increased in the artificial cordyceps compound group. These findings indicated that the preservation effect of artificial cordyceps compound on antioxidation and inhibition of apoptosis was better than that of hypertonic citrate adenine solution in non-hearting beating rats.

Child ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Nevus, Blue ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology